Ammodramus bairdii

Les especies d'aves con nome común en llingua asturiana márquense como ^NOA. En casu contrariu, conséñase'l nome científicu o de la SEO.

Ammodramus bairdii ye una especie d'ave migratoria de la familia Emberizidae que se distribúi nes grandes praderíes d'América del Norte.

Los adultos miden 13 ó 14 cm de llargor. Ye de color pardu amarellentáu, con partes dorsales llistaes y banduyu blancu. Estremar d'otres especies del so xéneru pola presencia de rayes fines negres nel pechu y pola corona escura estremada por una raya color ocre. La cara ye amarellentada rayada con escuru en mexelles y gargüelu.

El cantar del machu ye musical, empieza con trés notes agudes y remata nun tonu más baxu.

Habita n'estenses árees de pacionales, en partir norte de les Grandes Llanures. Pel iviernu migren al suroeste de los Estaos Xuníos. Hai tamién dellos rexistros ocasionales nel noroeste de Méxicu.

Aliméntase d'inseutos pel branu y prinicpalmente de granes pel iviernu.

Foi nomada n'honor de Spencer Fullerton Baird, un naturalista estauxunidense.

Notes

Referencies

• Peterson, Roger Tory, y Edward L. Chalif. 2008. Aves de Méxicu. Guía de campu. Editorial Diana, Méxicu. ISBN 978-968-13-3207-5
• Sada, A.M.; Phillips, R., y Ramos, M.A. 1984. Nomes en castellán pa les aves mexicanes. Publicación de Divulgación Non. 17. Institutu Nacional d'Investigaciones sobre Recursos Bióticos. Méxicu. Citáu por Peterson y Chalif (2008).
• UICN. «Ammodramus bairdii Llista Colorada de la IUCN» (inglés). Consultáu'l 3 d'avientu de 2009.

Enllaces esternos

• Wikimedia Commons tien conteníu multimedia tocante a Ammodramus bairdii.

Esta páxina forma parte del wikiproyeutu Aves, un esfuerciu collaborativu col fin d'ameyorar y organizar tolos conteníos rellacionaos con esti tema. Visita la páxina d'alderique del proyeutu pa collaborar y facer entrugues o suxerencies.

Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Bras Baird (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: breision Baird) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Ammodramus bairdii; yr enw Saesneg arno yw Baird’s sparrow. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Breision (Lladin: Emberizidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.^[1]

Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn A. bairdii, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.^[2]

Teulu

Mae'r bras Baird yn perthyn i deulu'r Breision (Lladin: Emberizidae). Dyma rai o aelodau eraill y teulu:

Rhestr Wicidata:

rhywogaeth enw tacson delwedd Bras adeingoch Peucaea carpalis Bras cynffon winau Peucaea sumichrasti Pila brongoch y Dwyrain Loxigilla noctis Pila coed cnocellaidd Camarhynchus pallidus Pila coed mangrof Camarhynchus heliobates Pila coed pryfysol bach Camarhynchus parvulus Pila coed pryfysol mawr Camarhynchus psittacula Pila coed pryfysol Ynys Charles Camarhynchus pauper Pila inca adeinlwyd Incaspiza ortizi Pila inca bach Incaspiza watkinsi Pila inca cefngoch Incaspiza personata Pila inca ffrwynog Incaspiza laeta Twinc gwair Ciwba Tiaris canorus Twinc gwair wynebddu Tiaris bicolor Yellow-faced grassquit Tiaris olivaceus

Gweler hefyd

• Rhestr Goch yr IUCN

Cyfeiriadau

Baird's sparrow (Centronyx bairdii) is a species of North American birds in the family Passerellidae of order Passeriformes. It is a migratory bird native to the United States, Canada, and Mexico.

Taxonomy

The Baird's sparrow was first described in North Dakota in 1843 by John James Audubon, and another record of this species was not made for 29 years following its discovery.^[2] It was named after the American naturalist Spencer Fullerton Baird.^[1]

Description

The Baird's sparrow can be identified as a small brown streaked sparrow. Their faces are a yellow-brown color featuring subtle black markings. These birds have a narrow band of brown streaks on their chests. This species can be distinguished from others by its unique broad ochre central crown stripe. Juveniles exhibit similar coloration but often have more streaking. Adult size is comparable for both males and females, no sexual dimorphism is exhibited. Adults are generally about 12 cm (5") and weigh 17-21 g (½ to ¾ oz); their wingspan is usually around 23 cm (9").^[3]

They are larger than LeConte's sparrow and do not exhibit orange coloration on their faces. They exhibit very similar coloration and patterning to Henslow's sparrow but do not have green coloration on their faces. The Savannah sparrow is more heavily streaked and has an extra white marking on its head.^[3]

Distribution and habitat

The Baird's sparrow migrates from its summer breeding habitat, the tall grass prairies of north central United States and South Central Canada, to spend winters in northern Mexico and the southern tip of the United States near Texas.^[3] Due to this migratory behavior, they may be spotted all across the Midwest portion of the United States during migratory seasons, but most frequently can be found in North Dakota, South Dakota, Minnesota, Montana, and Canada during the summer.

This species of sparrow resides in grassland habitats. These birds rely on the (now diminishing) tallgrass prairies, mixed grass prairies, and moister fescue prairies of northern United States and southern Canada.^[3] The dwindling status of this habitat puts many animals whose lifestyles rely on these ecosystems in peril.^[4] Land featuring woody vegetation and cultivated land is generally not a suitable environment for Baird's sparrows to thrive in.

Diet

Baird's sparrow feed on the ground, picking up insects and grass seeds.

Conservation status and threats

There is some concern about the conservation status of Baird's sparrows; their numbers are reduced compared to historic numbers. This species is listed under the IUCN Red List under the category of "least concern".^[3] Maintaining the original habitat is important for this species because artificial habitat recreation is not suitable for these birds. Fragmentation can lead to adverse conditions for Baird's sparrows, including increased nest parasitism.^[5]

Reproduction/life cycle

Baird's sparrows nest on the ground in either depressions or tufts of grass. These nests are usually made out of grass and consist of two layers, with finer material on the inside.^[2] These birds nest in small loose colonies. A normal clutch size is usually two to six white-gray eggs with brown spots.^[5] These birds are altricial, and rely on parental care for survival after hatching.

Breeding populations of Baird's sparrow fluctuate from year to year. This is most likely the result of a variable environment including factors like wildfires, drought, and the movement of American bison herds.^[2] When confronted with danger or a potential predator, Baird's sparrows may evade their foes by running on foot rather than flying away.^[2]

References

La Bairda ammodramo, Ammodramus bairdii, estas malgranda birdo de la grupo de la Amerikaj paseroj kaj genro de Ammodramoj. La 11 specioj de Ammodramus loĝas en marĉoj kaj herbejoj.

Priskribo

Tiu birdo havas grandan bekon, grandan ebenan kapon, kaj mallongan forkoforman voston. Ili havas brunajn suprajn partojn kaj blankajn subajn partojn, kun strieco en dorso, brusto kaj flankoj. La vizaĝo, nuko kaj kronostrio estas flavecaj. La kruroj estas rozkolorecaj.

Ties reprodukta habitato estas prerio de altaj herboj en suda centra Kanado kaj nordokcidenta Usono. La nesto estas malferma tasformo en bone kaŝita herba situo surgrunda.

Tiuj birdoj migras al sudokcidenta Usono kaj norda Meksiko.

Ili manĝas sur grundo ĉefe insektojn somere kaj semojn vintre.

Tiuj birdoj kutime nestumas en malgrandaj izolecaj kolonioj. Maskloj kantas el ripozejoj de siaj reproduktaj teritorioj. La kanto konsistas el mallonga serio de altatonaj notoj sekve de trilaĵo. Tiu birdo estas pli ofte vidata ol aŭdata.

La nombroj de tiu birdo malpliiĝis pro perdo de taŭga habitato.

Tiu birdo ricevis nomon laŭ Spencer Fullerton Baird, usona naturalisto.

Referencoj

• BirdLife International (2004). Ammodramus bairdii. Internacia Ruĝa Listo de Endanĝeritaj Specioj, eldono de 2006. IUCN 2006. Elŝutita 5a Majo 2006. Malplej Zorgiga.

Plia legado

Ammodramus bairdii Ammodramus generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Emberizidae familian sailkatua dago.

Erreferentziak

• World Bird Names

Ikus, gainera

• Ammodramus
• Emberizidae

Vogels

De bairds gors (Ammodramus bairdii) is een vogelsoort uit de familie emberizidae.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Deze soort komt voor van centraal Canada tot noordelijk Mexico.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties

Präriesparv^[2] (Centronyx bairdii) är en liten nordamerikansk art som numera placeras i familjen amerikanska sparvar.^[3]

Utseende

Präriesparven har en stor näbb, ett stort platt huvud, och en liten, kluven stjärt. De har bruna ovandelar och vita underdelar, med strimmor på ryggen, bröstet och flankerna. Ränderna på ansiktet, nacken och hjässan är gulaktiga.

Utbredning och levnadssätt

Fågeln häckar i höga grässlätter i södra centrala Kanada och nordvästliga USA. Boet är öppet skålformat i ett välgömt gräs på marken. Fåglarna är flyttfåglar som flyttar till sydvästra USA och norra Mexiko. De letar föda på marken, och äter huvudsakligen insekter på sommaren och frön på vintern.

Fåglarna bygger bon i små lösa kolonier. Hanarna sjunger från grenarna inom dess revir. Sången består av korta serier av höga noter följt av en drill. Fågeln syns oftare än hörs. Antalet fåglar har minskat på grund av habitatförstörelse.

Släktestillhörighet

Fågeln placeras traditionellt i släktet Ammodramus, men DNA-studier visar att detta släkte är kraftigt parafyletiskt. Typarten för släktet gräshoppssparv står nära Arremonops, medan präriesparven (liksom henslowsparven) är närmare släkt med en grupp amerikanska sparvar innehållande släktena Passerculus, Xenospizaoch Melospiza. Olika auktoriteter implementerar dessa resultat olika. Clements et al bryter sedan 2018 ut präriesparven och henslowsparven till det egna släktet Centronyx,^[3] medan Birdlife International inkluderar dem i Passerculus^[1].

Namn

Fågelns vetenskapliga artnamn hedrar Thomas Mayo Brewer (1814-1880), amerikansk politiker, tidningsredaktör och oolog.^[4]

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från engelskspråkiga Wikipedia

• ”Ammodramus bairdii”. BirdLife International. 2004. http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/149700/0. Läst 11 maj 2010.

Vidare läsning

Böcker

• Green, M. T., P. E. Lowther, S. L. Jones, S. K. Davis, och B. C. Dale. 2002. Baird’s Sparrow (Ammodramus bairdii). In The Birds of North America, No. 638 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

Rapporter

• Anonym (1993). Canadian Baird's sparrow recovery plan. Ottawa: Recovery of Nationally Endangered Wildlife Committee, 1993. vii, 28 s. (36 sidor)
• De Smet KD. (1991). Manitoba's threatened and endangered grassland birds project: 1990 update. Winnipeg: Manitoba Natural Resources, Wildlife Branch, 1991. iv, 47 p. (53 sidor).
• De Smet KD. (1992). Manitoba's threatened and endangered grassland birds: 1991 update and five year summary. Winnipeg: Manitoba Natural Resources, Wildlife Branch, 1992. vi, 77 p. (85 sidor)
• De Smet KD & Miller WS. (1989). Status report on the Baird's sparrow, Ammodramus bairdii, in Canada. Ottawa: Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada, 1989. ii, 28 p. (34 sidor).

Avhandlingar

• Ahlering MA. Ph.D. (2005). Settlement cues and resource use by Grasshopper Sparrows and Baird's Sparrows in the Upper Great Plains. University of Missouri - Columbia, United States, Missouri.
• Davis SK. Ph.D. (2003). Habitat selection and demography of mixed-grass prairie songbirds in a fragmented landscape. The University of Regina, Kanada.
• Gamble K. M.S. (2005). Habitat use in Baird's and grasshopper sparrows. University of Missouri - Columbia, USA, Missouri.
• Green MT. Ph.D. (1992). Adaptations of Baird's sparrows (Ammodramus bairdii) to grasslands: Acoustic communication and nomadism. The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA, North Carolina.
• Klippenstine DR. M.Sc. (2005). Can egg mimicry by Brown-headed Cowbirds explain the acceptance of brood parasitism by grassland passerines?. University of Manitoba , Kanada.
• Mahon CL. M.Sc. (1995). Habitat selection and detectability of Baird's sparrows in southwestern Alberta. University of Alberta, Kanada.

Artiklar

• Ahlering MA, Johnson DH & Faaborg J. (2006). Conspecific attraction in a grassland bird, the Baird's Sparrow. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 77, no 4. s. 365-371.
• Bolduc D. (1969). Bairds Sparrow Occurrence Clay County Minnesota USA. Loon. vol 41, no 1.
• Dale BC, Martin PA & Taylor PS. (1997). Effects of hay management on grassland songbirds in Saskatchewan. Wildlife Society Bulletin. vol 25, no 3. s. 616-626.
• Davis SK. (2003). Nesting ecology of mixed-grass prairie songbirds in southern Saskatchewan. Wilson Bulletin. vol 115, no 2. s. 119-130.
• Davis SK. (2004). Area sensitivity in grassland passerines: Effects of patch size, patch shape, and vegetation structure on bird abundance and occurrence in southern Saskatchewan. Auk. vol 121, no 4. s. 1130-1145.
• Davis SK. (2005). Nest-site selection patterns and the influence of vegetation on nest survival of mixed-grass prairie passerines. Condor. vol 107, no 3. s. 605-616.
• Davis SK, Brigham RM, Shaffer TL & James PC. (2006). Mixed-grass prairie passerines exhibit weak and variable responses to patch size. Auk. vol 123, no 3. s. 807-821.
• Davis SK, Duncan DC & Skeel M. (1999). Distribution and habitat associations of three endemic grassland songbirds in southern Saskatchewan. Wilson Bulletin. vol 111, no 3. s. 389-396.
• Davis SK, Duncan DC & Skeel MA. (1996). The Baird's Sparrow: Status resolved. Blue Jay. vol 54, no 4. s. 185-191.
• Davis SK & Sealy SG. (1998). Nesting biology of the Baird's sparrow in southwestern Manitoba. Wilson Bulletin. vol 110, no 2. s. 262-270.
• Dieni JS & Jones SL. (2003). Grassland songbird nest site selection patterns in northcentral Montana. Wilson Bulletin. vol 115, no 4. s. 388-396.
• Gordon CE. (2000). Movement patterns of wintering grassland sparrows in Arizona. Auk. vol 117, no 3. s. 748-759.
• Johnson DH & Igl LD. (2001). Area requirements of grassland birds: A regional perspective. Auk. vol 118, no 1. s. 24-34.
• Kyllingstad H. (1977). Bairds Sparrow Singing at Rothsay. Loon. vol 49, no 2.
• Madden EM, Hansen AJ & Murphy RK. (1999). Influence of prescribed fire history on habitat and abundance of passerine birds in northern mixed-grass prairie. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol 113, no 4. s. 627-640.
• Madden EM, Murphy RK, Hansen AJ & Murray L. (2000). Models for guiding management of prairie bird habitat in northwestern North Dakota. American Midland Naturalist. vol 144, no 2. s. 377-392.
• Maher WJ. (1979). Nestling Diets of Prairie Passerine Birds at Matador Saskatchewan Canada. Ibis. vol 121, no 4. s. 437-452.
• Marks JS & Nordhagen T. (2005). Type locality of Ammodramus bairdii (Audubon). Auk. vol 122, no 1. s. 349-350.
• Martin PA & Forsyth DJ. (2003). Occurrence and productivity of songbirds in prairie farmland under conventional versus minimum tillage regimes. Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment. vol 96, no 1-3. s. 107-117.
• Martin PA, Johnson DL, Forsyth DJ & Hill BD. (2000). Effects of two grasshopper control insecticides on food resources and reproductive success of two species of grassland songbirds. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry. vol 19, no 12. s. 2987-2996.
• Pylypec B. (1991). Impacts of Fire on Bird Populations in a Fescue Prairie. Canadian Field Naturalist. vol 105, no 3. s. 346-349.
• Sutter GC & Brigham RM. (1998). Avifaunal and habitat changes resulting from conversion of native prairie to crested wheat grass: Patterns at songbird community and species levels. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol 76, no 5. s. 869-875.
• Sutter GC, Troupe T & Forbes M. (1995). Abundance of Baird's sparrows, Ammodramus bairdii, in native prairie and introduced vegetation. Ecoscience. vol 2, no 4. s. 344-348.
• Voelker G. (2004). Can migrants do it faster? Accelerated molt of Baird's Sparrows and further insights into southwestern molting grounds. Condor. vol 106, no 4. s. 910-914.
• Wilson SD & Belcher JW. (1989). Plant and Bird Communities of Native Prairie and Introduced Eurasian Vegetation in Manitoba Canada. Conservation Biology. vol 3, no 1. s. 39-44.

Referenser

Noter

1. ^ [a b] Birdlife International 2016 Passerculus bairdii Från: IUCN 2016. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2016.3 www.iucnredlist.org. Läst 2016-12-14.
2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2018) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter, läst 2018-02-14
3. ^ [a b] Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2018) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 2018 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2018-08-11
4. ^ Jobling, J. A. (2016). Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology. Ur del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (red.) (2016). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. Hämtad från www.hbw.com.

Externa länkar

• Wikimedia Commons har media som rör präriesparv.
  Bilder & media
• Fotogalleri på präriesparv

Ammodramus bairdii là một loài chim trong họ Emberizidae.^[2]

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