Description
(
İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 4-14 cm tall, to 20 cm tall at fruiting. Rhizome erect, brownish, short, 4-13 mm, 2-7 mm in diam., densely noded, with several yellowish or whitish rootlets. Leaves numerous, basal, rosulate; stipules glaucous or greenish, 1.5-2.5 cm, membranous, 2/3-4/5 adnate to petioles, free part linear-lanceolate, margin remotely glandular fimbriate-denticulate or subentire; petiole usually 1-2 × exceeding blades at anthesis, very narrowly winged in upper part, to 10 cm at fruiting, broadly winged in upper part, puberulous or glabrous; upper blades oblong-lanceolate or triangular-ovate, usually smaller than lower ones; lower ones oblong, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, or oblong-ovate, 1.5-4 × 0.5-1 cm, both surfaces glabrous or puberulous, sometimes only puberulous along veins abaxially, base truncate or cuneate, rarely slightly cordate, margin shallowly crenate, apex obtuse; blades accrescent at fruiting, to 10 × 4 cm. Flowers purple-violet or purplish, rarely white, light colored and purple-striate at throat, medium-sized; pedicels usually numerous, equaling or exceeding leaves, slender, glabrous or puberulous, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3-7 × 0.7-1.8 mm, apex acuminate; appendages short, 1-1.5 mm, 1/2 to 1/6 as long as sepal, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, apex rounded or denticulate. Petals obovate or oblong-obovate, lateral ones 1-1.2 cm, inside glabrous or rarely lightly bearded, anterior one 1.3-2 cm (spur included), inside purple-veined; spur tubular, 3-8 mm, 2-5 × as long as calycine appendages; anthers ca. 2 mm, appendage of connectives ca. 1.5 mm; spur of 2 anterior stamens tubular, 3-6 mm, apex slender. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; styles clavate, slightly exceeding ovary, base slightly geniculate; stigmas triangular with slightly thickened and raised margins on lateral sides and abaxially, slightly flat at top, shortly beaked in front. Capsule ellipsoid, 5-12 mm, glabrous. Seeds yellowish, ovoid-globose, ca. 1.8 mm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Sep. 2n = 24*, 48.
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
(
İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Philippines, Vietnam].
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat
(
İngilizce
)
eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Fields, grassy places on mountain slopes, forest margins, thickets, roadsides; below 1700 m.
- lisans
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Cyclicity
(
İngilizce
)
Plants of Tibet tarafından sağlandı
Flowering from April to May; fruiting from May to September.
Diagnostic Description
(
İngilizce
)
Plants of Tibet tarafından sağlandı
Viola philippica var. philippica is close relative of Viola philippica var. pseudojaponica, but differs from the latter in its withered (vs. present) leaves in winter, oblong-lanceolate to triangular-lanceolate (vs. triangular-lanceolate) blade, slightly winged (vs. rather distinctly winged) petioles.
Distribution
(
İngilizce
)
Plants of Tibet tarafından sağlandı
Viola philippica is occurring in Anhui, Chongqing, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Nei Mongol, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang of China, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Laos, Mongolia, Philippines, Vietnam.
Evolution
(
İngilizce
)
Plants of Tibet tarafından sağlandı
Phylogenetic analysis of the genus Viola was inferred from transcribed spacer (ITS) DNA sequences. Parsimony and maximum likelihood approaches place Latin American sections basal in viola, supporting an Andean origin for the genus. Group of sect. Chamaemelanium, mostly stemmed and yellow-flowered with x = 6 chromosomes, intermingle with groups of sect. Nomimium that are stemless and white or blue-flowered with x =12 or an aneuploid number. The remaining sect. Nomimium groups with primarily blue flowers and x= 10 and aneuploid or polyploidy numbers form a clade including Hawaiian sect. Nosphinium, with pansies of sect. melanium (typically stemmed with multicolored flowers and x = 5 to 17) at the base (Ballard et al., 1999).
General Description
(
İngilizce
)
Plants of Tibet tarafından sağlandı
Herbs perennial, acaulescent, 4-14 cm tall, to 20 cm tall at fruiting, labrous or pubescent. Rhizome erect, brownish, short, 4-13 mm, 2-7 mm in diameter, densely noded, with several yellowish or whitish rootlets. Leaves numerous, basal, rosulate; stipules glaucous or greenish, 1.5-2.5 cm, membranous, 2/3-4/5 adnate to petioles, free part linear-lanceolate, margin remotely glandular fimbriate-denticulate or subentire; petiole usually 1-2 × exceeding blades at anthesis, very narrowly winged in upper part, to 10 cm at fruiting, broadly winged in upper part, puberulous or glabrous; upper blades oblong-lanceolate or triangular-ovate, usually smaller than lower ones; lower ones oblong, narrowly ovate-lanceolate, or oblong-ovate, 1.5-4 cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, both surfaces glabrous or puberulous, sometimes only puberulous along veins abaxially, base truncate or cuneate, rarely slightly cordate, margin shallowly crenate, apex obtuse; blades accrescent at fruiting, to 10 × 4 cm. Flowers purple-violet or purplish, rarely white, light colored and purple-striate at throat, medium-sized; pedicels usually numerous, equaling or exceeding leaves, slender, glabrous or puberulous, 2-bracteolate near middle; bracteoles linear. Sepals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, 3-7 mm long, 0.7-1.8 mm wide, apex acuminate; appendages short, 1-1.5 mm, 1/2 to 1/6 as long as sepal, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, apex rounded or denticulate. Petals obovate or oblong-obovate, lateral ones 1-1.2 cm, inside glabrous or rarely lightly bearded, anterior one 1.3-2 cm (spur included), inside purple-veined; spur tubular, 3-8 mm, 2-5 × as long as calycine appendages; anthers ca. 2 mm, appendage of connectives ca. 1.5 mm; spur of 2 anterior stamens tubular, 3-6 mm, apex slender. Ovary ovoid, glabrous; styles clavate, slightly exceeding ovary, base slightly geniculate; stigmas triangular with slightly thickened and raised margins on lateral sides and abaxially, slightly flat at top, shortly beaked in front. Capsule ellipsoid, 5-12 mm, glabrous. Seeds yellowish, ovoid-globose, ca. 1.8 mm.
Genetics
(
İngilizce
)
Plants of Tibet tarafından sağlandı
The chromosomal number of Viola philippica is 2n = 24, 48 (Gao and Zhang, 1984; Huang et al., 1996).
Habitat
(
İngilizce
)
Plants of Tibet tarafından sağlandı
Growing in fields, grassy places on mountain slopes, forest margins, thickets; below 1700 m.
Viola philippica
(
Vietnamca
)
wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı
Viola philippica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hoa tím. Loài này được Cav. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1801.[1]
Hình ảnh
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
Viola philippica: Brief Summary
(
Vietnamca
)
wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı
Viola philippica là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hoa tím. Loài này được Cav. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1801.
- lisans
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- telif hakkı
- Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
紫花地丁
(
Çince
)
wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı
本条目部分链接不符合格式手冊規範。跨語言链接及章節標題等處的链接可能需要清理。(2015年12月13日)
請協助改善此條目。參見WP:LINKSTYLE、WP:MOSIW以了解細節。突出显示跨语言链接可以便于检查。 二名法 Viola philippicaCav. 紫花地丁(学名:Viola philippica)是一种堇菜科堇菜属的多年生草本植物。
释名
紫花地丁自古以来就有同名异物的问题。《滇南本草》中的紫花地丁为远志科植物苦远志,《本草纲目》的紫花地丁已难以考证其具体所指。《植物名实图考》的紫花地丁则为唇形科黄芩属某植物。近代作为中药商品使用的紫花地丁主要有以下几种:[1]
- 堇菜科堇菜属多种植物,习称“紫花地丁”,又称“堇菜地丁”;
-
罂粟科植物地丁草,习称“苦地丁”;
-
豆科米口袋属多种植物,习称“甜地丁”;
-
龙胆科植物华南龙胆,习称“广地丁”,又称“龙胆地丁”。
《中国植物志》将堇菜属植物Viola philippica的中名定为紫花地丁[2],堇菜属其它多种习称“紫花地丁”的植物则将“紫花地丁”作为别名。
形态
多年生草本;无地上茎,高4-14厘米。根状茎短。叶多数,基生,莲座状;叶片下部者通常较小,呈三角状卵形或狭卵形,上部者较长,呈长圆形、狭卵状披针形或长圆状卵形。花中等大,紫堇色或淡紫色,稀呈白色,喉部色较淡并带有紫色条纹。蒴果长圆形,长5-12毫米,无毛;种子卵球形,长1.8毫米,淡黄色。花果期4月中下旬至9月。
分布
中国大部分地区均有分布,也分布在朝鲜、日本、俄罗斯远东地区等地。
药用
中医以全草入药,性寒、味苦辛,有清热解毒、凉血消肿功能,主治疔疮痈肿等症。
参考文献
外部链接
维基物种中的分类信息:
紫花地丁 维基共享资源中相关的多媒体资源:
紫花地丁
紫花地丁: Brief Summary
(
Çince
)
wikipedia 中文维基百科 tarafından sağlandı
紫花地丁(学名:Viola philippica)是一种堇菜科堇菜属的多年生草本植物。