Comprehensive Description
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Rosa nutkana, commonly known as the Nootka rose, is an angiosperm of the Rosaceae family. The flowers typically have five large petals, growing to about 2.5 cm long in varying in shades of pink (Knoke and Giblin 2017). These petals form a single layered corolla, which is usually accompanied by five thin, green sepals that are often nearly as long as the petals (USDA 2017.) The pistils and stamens in the center of the flower make up a golden yellow ring, with the stamens completely surrounding the pistils. Rosa nutkana are perennial plants that bloom in the summer, from May to July (Knoke and Giblin 2017).
Subspecies of the Rosa nutkana include Rosa nutkana subsp. melina, Rosa nutkana subsp. nutkana, Rosa nutkana subsp. macdougalii, and at least one other which lacks an official name (Flora of North America 2017). Most Rosa nutkana have thorns as a defense mechanism, and most subspecies have straight thorns or lack them, save one which has curved thorns. The plant takes the form of a shrub with thin, tangled, dark stems growing up to 2 meters in height (USDA 2017). Its leaves are bright green and pinnately compound (Alden 1998). Both the leaves and the hips, containing the seeds, are deciduous, and the fruit is ripe from August to September. The hips are particularly palatable for deer, elk, and squirrels (Reed 1993).
Native to the Pacific Northwest, Rosa nutkana resides at elevations below 2.3 km west of the Cascade Crest, along the Pacific Coast from Alaska to Northern California. It thrives in moderately wet climates, frequently occurring in floodplains, meadows, and streambanks (Reed 1993). It also tends to grow sporadically in open-canopy forests as an understory plant. Forest communities in which Rosa nutkana can be commonly found include: Douglas-fir, Ponderosa pine, Mountain hemlock, Sitka spruce, Lodgepole pine, Redwood, and estern hardwoods (Pavek and Skinner 2013). It can also be found growing near red osier dogwood, quaking aspen, black cottonwood, and snowberry (USDA 2017).
Rosa nutkana is generally an adaptable plant, and because of this, it is very abundant (Knoke and Giblin 2017). It can exist in a wide range of pH environments, but grows best between pH values of 5.6 – 7.0. It prefers sunny areas with well-drained, nitrogen-rich soil and thrives in clayey-loam, sandy-loam, or sandy soils (Reed 1993). It is sensitive to drought, but can recover from fire relatively well (USDA 2017).
- Flora of North America, Vol. 9. 2017. Rosa nutkana (Nootka Rose) http://www.efloras.org/, Accessed: May 5, 2017.
- Knoke, Don, and David Giblin. 2017. Rosa nutkana. Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture. U of Washington. http://biology.burke.washington.edu/herbarium/imagecollection.php?Genus=Rosa&Species=nut kana, Accessed: May 6, 2017.
- Pavek, P.L.S., and D. M. Skinner. 2013. Plant guide for Nootka rose (Rosa nutkana C. Presl). USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Pullman, WA.
- https://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/pg_ronu.pdf. Accessed: May 7, 2017.
- Reed, William, R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer).
- https://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/rosnut/all.html. Accessed: May 7, 2017.
- USDA, NRCS. 2017. Plant profile for Rosa nutkana (Nootka Rose).The PLANTS Database (https://plants.usda.gov. Accessed: May 5, 2017). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC 27401-4901 USA.
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Broad-scale Impacts of Plant Response to Fire
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prescribed fireThe Research Project Summary
Understory recovery after low- and high-intensity
fires in northern Idaho ponderosa pine forests provides information on
prescribed fire and postfire response of plant community species
including Nootka rose.
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Common Names
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Nootka rose
bristly Nootka rose
common rose
wild rose
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Cover Value
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coverNootka rose thickets are used for nesting and escape cover by birds and
small mammals [
14]. Nootka rose provides good cover for waterfowl in
Wyoming [
8].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Description
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shrubNootka rose is a native, deciduous, perennial shrub 3 to 6 feet (0.9-1.8
m) tall with erect or trailing stems. Nootka rose reaches its maximum
height within 10 years. Stems and branches are prickly to unarmed.
Leaves are compound and have five to seven leaflets. The fruits contain
several long, hairy achenes. Roots are deep. Nootka rose has rhizomes
[
13,
14,
17].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Distribution
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Nootka rose is distributed from Alaska south to California and east to
western Montana and New Mexico [
17,
19].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Fire Ecology
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seedNootka rose sprouts from rhizomes and root crowns following fire. It
also regenerates from onsite or transported seed [
14].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification)
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More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
chamaephyte,
geophyte,
phanerophytePhanerophyte
Chamaephyte
Geophyte
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat characteristics
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freshNootka rose is commonly found in moderately dry to moist climates in
submontane to montane zones. It occurs on nitrogen-rich, fresh to very
moist soils. It frequently occurs in floodplains, open streambanks, and
meadows [
24]. It is sporadic in open-canopy forests with fluctuating
groundwater tables. It is occasionally found on brackish-water sites or
sites exposed to ocean spray [
15]. Nootka rose grows best at pH ranges
of 5.6 to 7.0. It thrives on moderately fertile, well-drained
clayey-loam, sandy-loam, or sandy soils [
14].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Cover Types
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İngilizce
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More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):
201 White spruce
203 Balsam poplar
205 Mountain hemlock
210 Interior Douglas-fir
211 White fir
217 Aspen
218 Lodgepole pine
220 Rocky Mountain juniper
222 Black cottonwood - willow
223 Sitka spruce
224 Western hemlock
225 Western hemlock - Sitka spruce
226 Coastal true fir - hemlock
227 Western redcedar - western hemlock
228 Western redcedar
229 Pacific Douglas-fir
230 Douglas-fir - western hemlock
232 Redwood
235 Cottonwood - willow
237 Interior ponderosa pine
238 Western juniper
244 Pacific ponderosa pine - Douglas-fir
245 Pacific ponderosa pine
247 Jeffrey pine
256 California mixed subalpine
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Ecosystem
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More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):
FRES20 Douglas-fir
FRES21 Ponderosa pine
FRES23 Fir - spruce
FRES24 Hemlock - Sitka spruce
FRES26 Lodgepole pine
FRES27 Redwood
FRES28 Western hardwoods
FRES29 Sagebrush
FRES36 Mountain grasslands
FRES38 Plains grasslands
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Habitat: Plant Associations
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More info on this topic. This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):
More info for the terms:
forest,
shrub,
woodlandK002 Cedar - hemlock - Douglas-fir forest
K003 Silver fir - Douglas-fir forest
K004 Fir - hemlock forest
K005 Mixed conifer forest
K006 Redwood forest
K008 Lodgepole pine - subalpine forest
K010 Ponderosa shrub forest
K011 Western ponderosa forest
K012 Douglas-fir forest
K015 Western spruce - fir forest
K016 Eastern ponderosa forest
K018 Pine - Douglas-fir forest
K019 Arizona pine forest
K020 Spruce - fir - Douglas-fir forest
K021 Southwestern spruce - fir forest
K022 Great Basin pine forest
K024 Juniper steppe woodland
K026 Oregon oakwoods
K028 Mosaic of K002 and K026
K029 California mixed evergreen forest
K030 California oakwoods
K050 Fescue - wheatgrass
K051 Wheatgrass - bluegrass
K055 Sagebrush steppe
K063 Foothills prairie
K064 Grama - needlegrass - wheatgrass
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Immediate Effect of Fire
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İngilizce
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Nootka rose is top-killed by fire. Shallowly buried root crowns and
rhizomes of Rosa species, including Nootka rose, may be killed by severe
fire [
14].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Importance to Livestock and Wildlife
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İngilizce
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Nootka rose is important wildlife browse. Mule deer, white-tailed deer,
elk, moose, caribou, bighorn sheep, bears, coyotes, and various rodents
eat the fruits. Squirrels, mice, beavers, and porcupines eat the twigs
and leaves [
1,
4,
14].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Key Plant Community Associations
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shrubNootka rose is listed as a dominant understory shrub in the following
publication:
Plant communities and soils of north slopes in the palouse region of
eastern Washington and northern Idaho [
2].
Common plant associates of Nootka rose include common snowberry
(Symphoricarpos albus), red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea), quaking
aspen (Populus tremuloides), and black cottonwood (P. trichocarpa) [
2,
5].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Life Form
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İngilizce
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More info for the term:
shrubShrub
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Management considerations
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cover,
habitat typeIn a Douglas-fir/ninebark (Pseudotsuga menziesii/Physocarpus malvaceus)
habitat type in Idaho, Nootka rose cover was greater on disturbed sites
than on undisturbed sites. Average cover was highest (7.7 percent) on
grazed sites [
7]. In 16- to 20-year-old lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)
regeneration in northeastern Utah, Nootka rose productivity was little
affected by thinning or clearcutting [
3].
Spring and fall foliar applications of herbicides control Rosa species [
14].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Occurrence in North America
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İngilizce
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AK AZ CA CO ID MT NV NM OR UT
WA WY AB BC
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Palatability
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İngilizce
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Nootka rose fruits are preferred by deer, elk, and squirrels [
3,
14].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Phenology
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İngilizce
)
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More info on this topic. Nootka rose flowers from May through July [
8,
19]. Fruits ripen in early
fall and remain on the plant through winter [
13].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Plant Response to Fire
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More info for the terms:
cover,
habitat type,
severity,
wildfireNootka rose may increase or decrease following fire. Rosa species of
British Columbia, including Nootka rose, usually initially decrease in
cover after wildfire. Cover gradually increases, and then declines
again as the canopy closes [
14]. In a Douglas-fir/ninebark habitat type
in Idaho, Nootka rose cover was greater on burned sites or sites logged
and then burned than on undisturbed sites. Cover was less, however,
than on logged or grazed sites [
7]. In aspen and aspen-mixed conifer
stands in Idaho and Wyoming, prescribed fires of low to high severity
caused a decrease in cover of Nootka and Wood's rose (Rosa woodsii) in
postfire year 1. Rose biomass in postfire year 2 was near prefire
levels [
25]. In Washington and Oregon, burning had little effect on
abundance of Nootka rose. Multiple fires can significantly reduce cover
of rose species [
14].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Post-fire Regeneration
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İngilizce
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More info for the terms:
ground residual colonizer,
rhizome,
root crown,
shrubSmall shrub, adventitious-bud root crown
Rhizomatous shrub, rhizome in soil
Ground residual colonizer (on-site, initial community)
Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regeneration Processes
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root crown,
seed,
stratificationSexual: Nootka rose attains sexual maturity at 2 to 5 years of age.
Good seed crops are produced about every other year. Nootka rose is a
seedbanking species. Seeds exhibit seedcoat dormancy and require a
combination of warm and cold stratification or mechanical disturbance
for germination. Seeds are dispersed by birds and mammals [
13,
14].
Asexual: Nootka rose sprouts from the root crown and rhizomes [
13,
14].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Regional Distribution in the Western United States
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İngilizce
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More info on this topic. This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):
1 Northern Pacific Border
2 Cascade Mountains
3 Southern Pacific Border
4 Sierra Mountains
5 Columbia Plateau
6 Upper Basin and Range
8 Northern Rocky Mountains
9 Middle Rocky Mountains
10 Wyoming Basin
11 Southern Rocky Mountains
12 Colorado Plateau
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Successional Status
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İngilizce
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More info on this topic. More info for the terms:
cover,
fruitNootka rose is tolerant of both sun and shade. It shows increased
growth and fruit production with increasing light. Nootka rose
increases in cover with canopy closure, but may produce less fruit [
14].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Taxonomy
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fernThe scientific name of Nootka rose is Rosa nutkana
Presl. Recognized varieties are as follows [
17,
19]:
Rosa nutkana var. nutkana, Nootka rose
Rosa nutkana var. hispida Fern., bristly Nootka rose
Rosa nutkana var. muriculata (Greene) G. N. Jones, Nootka rose
Rosa nutkana var. setosa G. N. Jones, Nootka rose
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites
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İngilizce
)
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Nootka rose has successfully been used for rehabilitating disturbed
sites at Columbia River Gorge, Oregon [
23].
- bibliyografik atıf
- Reed, William R. 1993. Rosa nutkana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/
Comprehensive Description
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İngilizce
)
North American Flora tarafından sağlandı
Rosa nutkana Presl, Epim. Bot. 203. 1851
Rosa fraxinifolia Hook. PI. Bor. Am. 1: 199. 1832. Not R. fraxinifolia Borkh. 1790. Rosa caryocarpa Dougl.; Crepin, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 15: 39, as a synonym. 1876. Rosa Lyalliana Crepin, Bull. Soc. Bot. Belg. 15: 39, as a synonym. 1876. Rosa Woodsii Regel, Acta Hort. Petrop. 5: 299. 1877. Not R. Woodsii I,indl. 1820.
Stems stout, erect, usually 1-1.5 m. high, round, usually dark-brown, armed usually with paired, large, straight prickles, which are somewhat flattened below, 6-12 mm. long; young shoots rarely slightly bristly; floral branches glabrous or nearly so, usually with smaller infrastipular spines; stipules 1-2 cm. long, adnate to the petioles, dilated, especially the uppermost, mostly glabrous, strongly glandular-dentate on the margins, the free portion ovate, acute; petiole and rachis glandular-puberulent and sometimes slightly pubescent; petioles
1 cm. long or less; leaflets 5-9, usually 7, rounded-ovate, rounded at the both ends or acute at the apex, double-serrate with glandular teeth, 1.5-5 cm. long, dark-green and glabrous above, paler and somewhat glandular-puberulent, but rarely slightly pubescent beneath on the veins; flowers most commonly solitary, rarely 2-4 together; pedicels 2-3 cm. long, usually somewhat glandular-hispid; hypanthium glabrous; sepals lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, entire, often with foliaceous appendages at the apex, villous and glandular-ciliate on the margins, glabrous or rarely glandular on the back, tomentose within, 2-3 cm. long; petals rosecolored, rarely white, broadly obcordate, 2.5-3.5 cm. long; styles not exserted; hypanthium in fruit globose, without neck, 15-18 mm. in diameter, rarely acutish at the base; sepals persistent, ascending.
Type locality: Nootka Sound, British Columbia.
Distribution: Alaska to Wyoming and Oregon (and northern California?).
- bibliyografik atıf
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1918. ROSACEAE (conclusio). North American flora. vol 22(6). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Rosa nutkana
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Rosa nutkana: Brief Summary
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Rosa nutkana (lat. Rosa nutkana) - gülçiçəyikimilər fəsiləsinin itburnu cinsinə aid bitki növü.
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Rosa nutkana
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wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Rosa nutkana, the Nootka rose,[3] bristly rose, or wild rose is a 0.6–3.0-metre-tall (2–10-foot) perennial shrub in the rose family (Rosaceae).[4][5][6]
The species name nootka comes from the Nootka Sound of Vancouver Island, where the plant was first described.[7] This plant is native to Western North America.[6] There are 2 varieties: hispida grows in the Intermountain West from east of the Cascades to the Rocky Mountains, and nutkana grows in coastal areas from Alaska to California west to the Cascades. The Jepson Interchange (Flora of California) considers other varieties to be part of the nutkana variety.[5][8][9]
Description
Rosa nutkana grows to as much as 3 meters, often in thickets. It has light green paired leaflets with toothed edges and sharp prickles at the base. The prickles are straight and paired and generally appear at nodes. The 5–8 cm (2–3 in) flowers usually occur singly, but may appear in groups of 2 or 3. The flowers, which appear in early summer, can have a pleasantly strong fragrance. The sepals are very long, longer than the petals, and are constricted in the middle. The fruits (hips) of Nootka rose are somewhat bitter but edible. It is reported that bletting will greatly mitigate the bitterness and make the hips much more palatable. Only the rind should be eaten as the seeds are irritating.[10]
Nootka rose showing diagnostic sepals
Ecology
Nootka rose grows in a wide variety of habitats, from sea level to mid elevations. It needs sun but will tolerate some shade, often growing along forest edges. It grows in moist riparian soils and in dry glacial till soils. It grows in fencerows, hedgerows, pastures, shrubby wetlands, woodlands, prairies, and meadows.[10][11]
Nootka rose thickets provide habitat and food for birds and small wildlife. Deer browse the flowers, young stems, and hips.[11] They are used in wetland mitigation buffers and in native plant landscaping.[12]
R. nutkana hosts gall-making wasps of the family Cynipidae, genus Diplolepis (wasp), in the insect class Hymenoptera. Two species are D. polita, which makes bristly round red or green galls on leaves, and D. rosae, the mossy rose gall, which makes large, mossy, feathery, greenish or yellowish growths on stems.[13]
Uses
Rosa nutkana is used medicinally by a great number of indigenous peoples to treat a wide variety of ailments, and also ceremonially, in handcrafts, and as a food source.[14] The branches or leaves were used to make a tea or poultice to treat sores and eye problems.[15] As with all wild rose species, the hips are edible and sometimes used to make jams and jellies.[16]
Nootka rose serves as the larval host of the mourning cloak and grey hairstreak butterflies.[4]
Nootka rose can be propagated from seed, although germination is spotty.[12] Hardwood cuttings and root suckers can also be used.
There are several ornamental rose cultivars of R. nutkana, including 'Cantab' (Hurst 1939),[17] 'Mander's Nutkana #1' (1983), 'Moore's Nutkana', and 'Schoener's Nutkana' (1930).[18]
References
-
^ "Rosa nutkana". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2010-03-27.
-
^ ITIS Standard Report Page: Rosa nutkana Retrieved 2010-03-27
-
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Rosa nutkana". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 23 October 2015.
-
^ a b NPIN: Rosa nutkana (Nootka rose) Retrieved 2010-03-27.
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^ a b WTU Herbarium Image Collection Retrieved 2010-03-27.
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^ a b Stewart, Charles (May 1994). Wildflowers of the Olympics and Cascades. Sequim, Washington: Nature Education Enterprises. p. 77. ISBN 0-9621104-2-6.
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^ Gerteis, Joan (2006-08-17). "Our Wild Nootka Rose". WSU Extension - Island County. Retrieved 2010-03-27.
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^ USDA. "PLANTS Database". Retrieved 24 February 2011.
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^ Jepson. "A Flora of California". Retrieved 24 February 2011.
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^ a b Pojar and MacKinnon (1994). Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast. Vancouver, British Columbia: Lone Pine Publishing. ISBN 1-55105-040-4.
-
^ a b Cooke, Sarah Spear (1997). Field Guide to the Common Wetland Plants of Western Washington and Northwestern Oregon. Seattle, Washington: Seattle Audubon Society. ISBN 0-914516-11-6.
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^ a b Leigh, Michael (1999). Grow Your Own Native Landscape. Thurston County, WA: WSU Cooperative Extension.
-
^ Haggard, Peter and Judy (2006). Insects of the Pacific Northwest. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. ISBN 0881926892.
-
^ Species account from Native American Ethnobotany (University of Michigan - Dearborn) Retrieved 2010-03-2007.
-
^ Fagan, Damian (2019). Wildflowers of Oregon: A Field Guide to Over 400 Wildflowers, Trees, and Shrubs of the Coast, Cascades, and High Desert. Guilford, CT: FalconGuides. p. 221. ISBN 978-1-4930-3633-2. OCLC 1073035766.
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^ Whitney, Stephen (1985). Western Forests (The Audubon Society Nature Guides). New York: Knopf. p. 444. ISBN 0-394-73127-1.
-
^ Peter Beales (2002). Klassische Rosen [Classic roses] (in German). DuMont. pp. 222–223. ISBN 3-8320-8736-2.
-
^ HelpMeFind. "Nootka Rose". Retrieved 24 February 2011.
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Rosa nutkana: Brief Summary
(
İngilizce
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wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Rosa nutkana, the Nootka rose, bristly rose, or wild rose is a 0.6–3.0-metre-tall (2–10-foot) perennial shrub in the rose family (Rosaceae).
The species name nootka comes from the Nootka Sound of Vancouver Island, where the plant was first described. This plant is native to Western North America. There are 2 varieties: hispida grows in the Intermountain West from east of the Cascades to the Rocky Mountains, and nutkana grows in coastal areas from Alaska to California west to the Cascades. The Jepson Interchange (Flora of California) considers other varieties to be part of the nutkana variety.
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Rosa nutkana
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İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
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Rosa nutkana, la rosa nutca, rosa fuerte o rosa salvaje es un arbusto perenne de 2–10 pies (0.61–3.05 m) de altura en la familia de las rosas (Rosaceae).[3][4]
El nombre de la especie nutca proviene del estrecho de Nutca de la isla de Vancouver, donde se describió la planta por primera vez.[5] Esta planta es nativa de América del Norte Occidental. Hay 2 variedades: la hispida crece en el Intermountain West, desde el este de las Cascadas hasta las Montañas Rocosas, y la nutkana crece en las áreas costeras desde Alaska hasta California, desde el este hasta las Cascadas. El Intercambio Jepson (Flora de California) considera que otras variedades son parte de la variedad nutkana.[6][7]
Descripción
Rosa nutkana crece hasta 3 metros, a menudo en matorrales. Tiene folletos pareados de color verde claro con bordes dentados y espinas afiladas en la base. Las espinas son rectas y emparejadas y generalmente aparecen en los nodos. Las flores de 2-3 pulgadas de color rosa (5–8 cm) usualmente se presentan por separado, pero pueden aparecer en grupos de 2 o 3. Las flores, que aparecen a principios del verano, pueden tener una fragancia agradablemente fuerte. Los sépalos son muy largos, más largos que los pétalos, y están constreñidos en el medio. Los frutos (caderas) de la rosa nutca son algo amargos pero comestibles. Se informa que la formación de manchas mitigará en gran medida la amargura y hará que las caderas sean mucho más sabrosas. Solo se debe comer la cáscara ya que las semillas son irritantes.[8]
![src=]()
Rosa nutca mostrando sépalos diagnósticos.
Ecología
La rosa nutca crece en una amplia variedad de hábitats, desde el nivel del mar hasta elevaciones medias. Necesita sol, pero tolera algo de sombra, a menudo creciendo a lo largo de los bordes del bosque. Crece en suelos ribereños húmedos y en suelos glaciares secos. Crece en cercados, setos, pastizales, humedales de arbustos, bosques, praderas y prados.[9]
Los matorrales de rosa nutca proporcionan hábitat y alimento para aves y pequeños animales salvajes. Los ciervos hojean las flores, los tallos jóvenes y las caderas. Se utilizan en los amortiguadores de mitigación de humedales y en el paisajismo de plantas nativas.[10]
R. nutkana alberga avispas que producen agallas de la familia Cynipidae, género Diplolepis, en la clase de insectos Hymenoptera. Dos especies son D. polita, que produce agallas redondeadas de color rojo o verde en las hojas, y D. rosae, la agalla de rosa musgosa, que produce crecimientos grandes, musgosos, plumosos, verdosos o amarillentos en los tallos.[11]
Usos
Rosa nutkana fue utilizada con fines medicinales por un gran número de pueblos indígenas para tratar una amplia variedad de dolencias, y también ceremonialmente, en artesanías y como fuente de alimentos.[12]
La rosa nutca sirve como anfitrión larval de la capa de luto y las mariposas de pelo gris.
La rosa nutca puede propagarse a partir de semillas, aunque la germinación es irregular. También se pueden utilizar esquejes de madera dura y chupadores de raíces.
Hay varios cultivares de rosas ornamentales de R. nutkana, incluyendo 'Cantab' (Hurst 1939), 'Mander's Nutkana # 1' (1983), 'Moore's Nutkana' y 'Schoener's Nutkana' (1930).[13][14]
Véase también
Cluster rose / swamp rose - una especie relacionada de la costa oeste.
Referencias
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Rosa nutkana: Brief Summary
(
İspanyolca; Kastilyaca
)
wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı
Rosa nutkana, la rosa nutca, rosa fuerte o rosa salvaje es un arbusto perenne de 2–10 pies (0.61–3.05 m) de altura en la familia de las rosas (Rosaceae).
El nombre de la especie nutca proviene del estrecho de Nutca de la isla de Vancouver, donde se describió la planta por primera vez. Esta planta es nativa de América del Norte Occidental. Hay 2 variedades: la hispida crece en el Intermountain West, desde el este de las Cascadas hasta las Montañas Rocosas, y la nutkana crece en las áreas costeras desde Alaska hasta California, desde el este hasta las Cascadas. El Intercambio Jepson (Flora de California) considera que otras variedades son parte de la variedad nutkana.
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Rosa nutkana
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Fransızca
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wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı
Rosier de Nootka
Le rosier de Nootka (Rosa nutkana) est une espèce de rosier classée dans la section des Cinnamomeae, originaire de la région du Nord-Ouest Pacifique en Amérique du Nord (à cheval sur les États-Unis et le Canada). Il tient son nom de la tribu amérindiennes des Nootkas.
Description
Il fait partie de la section des Cinnamomeæ (comme Rosa rugosa)
C'est un buisson peu dense au feuilles vert foncé à 5 à 9 folioles dentelés.
Les fleurs simples, roses, assez grandes, apparaissent en juin et sont suivies de gros fruits ronds et rouges[1].
C'est une plante protocarnivore capable de piéger et de tuer des insectes, mais incapable de les digérer ou d'assimiler leurs nutriments
variétés et hybrides
- 'Cantab' (Hurst 1939, Rosa nutkana x'Red Letter Day') à tiges foncées, feuillages vert grisé et grandes fleurs simples rose foncé
- 'Schoener's Nutkana', vigoureux, à grandes fleurs simples rose vif parfumées
Utilisation
Les femmes Nuu-chah-nulth en Colombie Britannique traitent les bourgeons qu'elles utilisaient ensuite comme méthode de contraception.
Fleur au jardin botanique 'San Jose Heritage Rose Garden'
Notes
-
↑ p 106 les roses anciennes, Charlotte Testu,la maison rustique Flammarion, (ISBN 2-7066-0139-6)
Références
Voir aussi
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Rosa nutkana: Brief Summary
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Fransızca
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wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı
Rosier de Nootka
Le rosier de Nootka (Rosa nutkana) est une espèce de rosier classée dans la section des Cinnamomeae, originaire de la région du Nord-Ouest Pacifique en Amérique du Nord (à cheval sur les États-Unis et le Canada). Il tient son nom de la tribu amérindiennes des Nootkas.
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Nutkaros
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İsveççe
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wikipedia SV tarafından sağlandı
Nutkaros (Rosa nutkana), en art i familjen rosväxter och förekommer naturligt från Alaska till Kalifornien och sydcentrala USA. Arten odlas ibland som trädgårdsväxt i Sverige.
Synonymer
Externa länkar
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Nutkaros: Brief Summary
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İsveççe
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wikipedia SV tarafından sağlandı
Nutkaros (Rosa nutkana), en art i familjen rosväxter och förekommer naturligt från Alaska till Kalifornien och sydcentrala USA. Arten odlas ibland som trädgårdsväxt i Sverige.
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