Solidago missouriensis Nutt.

More info for the terms: forb, relict

Missouri goldenrod
prairie goldenrod


TAXONOMY:
The scientific name of Missouri goldenrod is Solidago missouriensis Nutt.
[19,5,40]. It is in the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

Recognized varieties are as follows:

Solidago missouriensis var. missouriensis [19,20,40]
Solidago missouriensis var. extraria Gray [20,40]
Solidago missouriensis var. fasciculata Holz. [19,20,40]
Solidago missouriensis var. tenuissima (Wooton & Standl.) C.E.S. Taylor & R.J. Taylor
Solidago missouriensis var. tolmieana (Gray) Cronq. [20,40]

Solidago missouriensis var. fasciculata hybridizes with early goldenrod
(Solidago juncea) [14].


LIFE FORM:
Forb

FEDERAL LEGAL STATUS:
No special status

OTHER STATUS:
NO-ENTRY




DISTRIBUTION AND OCCURRENCE
SPECIES: Solidago missouriensis
GENERAL DISTRIBUTION:
Missouri goldenrod is found from Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia
[14] east to southern Ontario; south to Tennessee [46] and Arkansas
[18]; and west to Arizona [46].  It is found elsewhere as a relict or as
a weed [19].

More info for the term: relict

Missouri goldenrod is found from Washington, Oregon, and British Columbia
[14] east to southern Ontario; south to Tennessee [46] and Arkansas
[18]; and west to Arizona [46].  It is found elsewhere as a relict or as
a weed [19].



Distribution of Missouri goldenrod. Map courtesy of USDA, NRCS. 2018. The PLANTS Database.
National Plant Data Team, Greensboro, NC [2018, June 6] [40].


Solidago missouriensis var. missouriensis is found east of the Cascades,
as is S. m. var. extraria [20].  Solidago missouriensis var.
fasciculata is of the Great Plains, occasionally found as far west as
Grand Coulee, Washington [19,20]; it is also found in the northeastern
U.S. and adjacent Canada [18].  Solidago missouriensis var. tolmieana is
found west of the Cascades [19,20].

More info for the term: fern

Missouri goldenrod is widespread throughout the Great Plains.  It is not
listed as an indicator species in any plant community.  It occurs with a
variety of associated species, depending on geographic location and site
conditions.

Associates of Missouri goldenrod in remnant upland tallgrass prairie in
west-central Missouri include eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana),
dewberry (Rubus flagellaris), chokecherry (Prunus virginiana), buck
brush (Symphoricarpos orbiculatus), leadplant (Amorpha canescens), and
wild snowball (Ceanothus americanus) [21].

Associates of Missouri goldenrod in the sandhills tallgrass prairie of
southeastern North Dakota include sandhill bluestem (Andropogon hallii),
Penn sedge (Carex pennsylvanica), perennial ragweed (Ambrosia
psilostachya), white sage (Artemisia ludoviciana), narrow-leaved puccoon
(Lithospermum incisum), blazing star (Liatris punctata), and prairie
rose (Rosa arkansana) [47].

Associates of Missouri goldenrod on benchlands in the Cypress Hills of
southeastern Alberta include shrubby cinquefoil (Potentilla fruticosa),
yarrow (Achillea lanulosa), starry chickweed (Cerastium arvense),
northern bedstraw (Galium boreale), prairiesmoke avens (Geum triflorum),
kinnikinnick (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi), American pasqueflower (Anemone
patens), prairie thermopsis (Thermopsis rhombifolia), and fleabane
(Erigeron spp.) [11].

Associates of Missouri goldenrod in fluvial sand and gravel deposits of
the riparian zone in northwestern Montana include clover (Trifolium
spp.), dandelion (Taraxacum spp.), Virginia strawberry (Fragaria
virginiana), red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea), kinnikinnick, and
russet buffaloberry (Shepherdia canadensis) [27].

Associates of Missouri goldenrod in the northern Wisconsin pine barrens
include scattered jack pine (Pinus banksiana), bur oak (Quercus
macrocarpa), and northern pin oak (Quercus ellipsoidalis) as well as
grasses (Poaceae), bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum), sweet fern
(Myrica asplenifolia), and lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) [43].

More info for the term: forb

Forb

More info for the terms: cover, density, rootstock, seed

Missouri goldenrod shows weak competitiveness in dense grasslands, but in
more open cover shows moderate aggressiveness and ability to invade and
dominate.  Missouri goldenrod in shortgrass prairie of northwestern
Montana had higher density in quadrats with low spotted knapweed
(Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos ) density than in those with high
spotted knapweed density [39].  In the Great Plains Missouri goldenrod increased
with drought during the 1930's, and in some places became a major constituent
of the weedy flora in tallgrass prairie [45].  Missouri goldenrod is
generally reported to be an increaser with grazing [30,37], sometimes
becoming a nuisance [22].

Seeding often fails, so transplanting rootstock divisions or small
plants may be the only certain way of ensuring stand establishment [44].
However, prairie hay has been used successfully as a seed source and
mulch [36].  Grazing or mowing established populations about 1 month
before normal flowering may induce more flower buds to open and extend
flowering period.  In order to maximize seed production flowers should
be permitted to mature before any further defoliation occurs in the fall
[44].  Rodents and grasshoppers may endanger new seedlings of prairie
goldenrod.  Dodder (Cuscuta spp.), a plant which sometimes parasitizes
Missouri goldenrod stands, can be a problem in humid regions [44].

Missouri goldenrod in northeastern Kansas native tallgrass prairie was
ingested by grasshoppers in relation to its availability, being neither
avoided nor sought after [25].

More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: caudex, seed

Missouri goldenrod resumes growth from rhizomes and/or the caudex in
spring to early summer.  Plants often shed basal leaves after flowering
begins.  Seeds mature about 6 weeks after flowers bloom.  If plants are
damaged they make variable regrowth in the summer until seed maturation
[44].

In southwestern North Dakota Missouri goldenrod begins growth in
mid-April and obtains mature height by early July to mid-August,
depending on the year [17].

Missouri goldenrod flowering times are:

                  Begin         Peak           End
                Flowering     Flowering     Flowering

     CO         June          August        September  [12] 
     IL         August        ----          September  [28]
     KS         July          ----          October    [5]
     MO         July          ----          September  [21]
     MT         June          August        September  [12]
     ND         July          August        August     [9,17]
     SD         ----          July          ----       [22]
     UT         July          August        September  [12]
     WY         June          August        September  [12]
Great Plains    July          ----          October    [19]

More info for the terms: caudex, herb, rhizome, secondary colonizer

   Rhizomatous herb, rhizome in soil
   Caudex, growing points in soil
   Initial-offsite colonizer (off-site, initial community)
   Secondary colonizer - off-site seed

The scientific name of Missouri goldenrod is Solidago missouriensis Nutt.
[19,5,40]. It is in the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

Recognized varieties are as follows:

Solidago missouriensis var. missouriensis [19,20,40]
Solidago missouriensis var. extraria Gray [20,40]
Solidago missouriensis var. fasciculata Holz. [19,20,40]
Solidago missouriensis var. tenuissima (Wooton & Standl.) C.E.S. Taylor & R.J. Taylor
Solidago missouriensis var. tolmieana (Gray) Cronq. [20,40]

Solidago missouriensis var. fasciculata hybridizes with early goldenrod
(Solidago juncea) [14].