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Comments ( Anglèis )

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In its native range, Dianella ensifolia occurs in a broad ecological range, from seashores, grasslands, and open scrubs to alpine and open lowland forests between sea level and 1600 m. In Florida, this naturalized ornamental probably spreads by its extensive rhizome systems and colorful fruits (W. B. Zomlefer 1998).
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Description ( Anglèis )

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Plants glabrous. Leaves 50–80 × 1.5–2(–3) cm; blade lustrous, margins finely serrate, apex obtuse, basal sheath margins purplish; midvein impressed adaxially, keeled abaxially, keel finely serrate. Inflorescences: panicles 10–15 cm; flowers distal; bracts membranous. Flowers: tepals spreading, sky to light blue, yellow basally, 5-veined, 6 mm; filaments geniculate near middle; pedicel 7–15 mm. Berries 4–5 mm. 2n = 16, 32.
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Description ( Anglèis )

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Rhizome creeping, 5--8 mm thick. Leaves sword-shaped, gradually narrowed at both ends, 30--80 × 1--2.5 cm, leathery, midvein abaxially and margin usually scabrous, apex obtuse. Scape 1--2 m, with several bractlike stem leaves 3--8 cm. Pan-icle laxly branched, 10--40 cm, usually with flowers borne distally. Pedicel 0.7--2 cm, usually arcuate. Tepals spreading, white, greenish white, yellowish, or bluish purple, linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 6--7 × 3--3.5 mm. Stamens shorter than tepals; filaments geniculate near middle, dilated distally. Style ca. 6 mm. Berries deep blue, subglobose, ca. 6 mm in diam., 5- or 6-seeded. Fl. and fr. Mar--Aug. 2 n = 32*.
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Flora of China Vol. 24: 161 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution ( Anglèis )

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Africa. Himalaya, India, Burma, Indo-China, S. China, S. Japan, Malaysia, Polynesia, New Zealand.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution ( Anglèis )

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introduced; Fla.; se Africa; Asia (s China, Formosa, India, Japan); Malaysia; Philippines; widely naturalized elsewhere.
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Distribution ( Anglèis )

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Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, S Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; Africa (Madagascar), E Australia, Pacific Islands].
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Flowering/Fruiting ( Anglèis )

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Flowering late spring.
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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Open, wet pinelands, near seashores; 0m.
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Habitat ( Anglèis )

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Forests, grassy slopes; near sea level to 1700 m.
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Synonym ( Anglèis )

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Dracaena ensifolia Linnaeus, Mant. Pl. 1: 63. 1767
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Synonym ( Anglèis )

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Dracaena ensifolia Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 246; Mant. Pl. 1: 63. 1767; Dianella ensifolia f. albiflora Tang S. Liu & S. S. Ying; D. ensifolia f. racemulifera (Schlitter) Tang S. Liu & S. S. Ying; D. nemorosa Lamarck; D. nemorosa f. racemulifera Schlitter.
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Derivation of specific name ( Anglèis )

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ensifolia: sword-leaved.
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=113690
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Description ( Anglèis )

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Perennial herb up to 1.5 m tall, growing from a woody, horizontal rhizome, often forming dense colonies. Leaves 5-12, distichous, up to 50 cm long; basal part folded lengthwise, flattened, like a pseudopetiole; margin and midrib narrowly winged and bearing small forwardly pointing prickles. Inflorescence a lax panicle, taller than the leaves. Tepals 5-7 mm, pale mauve-blue. Fruit up to 8 mm in diameter, subspherical, glossy blue.
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=113690
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Frequency ( Anglèis )

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Local
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=113690
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Worldwide distribution ( Anglèis )

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In Africa only known from the slower slopes of the Chimanimani Mountains in Mozambique and Zimbabwe but elsewhere in Madagascar, Mauritius, Reunion and possibly other western Indian Ocean Islands, Noerthwest India and adjacent areas in Asia.
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=113690
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Akahele ( Tongan )

fornì da wikipedia emerging languages
Dianella ensifolia - base de la plante.JPG

Ko e akahele ko e fuʻu ʻakau siʻi ia. Tatau mo e D. nemorosa Lam.

Tataku

  • Hokohoko ngaahi ʻakau; Vaʻa fekumi ngoue Vainī
  • Tongan dictionary; C.M. Churchward
  • Plants of Tonga; T.G. Yuncker; BPB bulletin 220, Honolulu 1959
Ko e kupu ʻeni ko e potuʻi ia (stub). ʻIo, ko koe, kātaki tokoni mai ʻi hono .
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Akahele: Brief Summary ( Tongan )

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Dianella ensifolia - base de la plante.JPG

Ko e akahele ko e fuʻu ʻakau siʻi ia. Tatau mo e D. nemorosa Lam.

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Dianella ensifolia ( Anglèis )

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Dianella ensifolia is a flowering plant, of the family Asphodelaceae. It is native to southern China, India, Japan, Madagascar, Malesia, the Pacific Islands, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and tropical Asia. Its common names include umbrella dracaena, common dianella, siak-siak, and flax lily.[1]

Description

The Dianella ensifolia’s natural habitat is terrestrial, and it can grow in grasslands, or primary rainforests in tropical areas. The plant's anatomy consists of branching rhizomes, and flowering stems, that can reach up to two meters. Its leaf blades are pointed and tapered at both ends. When flowering, it produces a shoot about 60 cm (23.6 in) long. It has white petals, with orange/yellow anthers. Once it is pollinated by insects, it will produce berries that are dark blue/purple, and about 1.5 cm (0.59 in) wide. These berries contain 3-6 seeds, that are often eaten by native birds.[1]

Common names

Other common names for the Dianella ensifolia include umbrella dracaena, common dianella, and flax lily.[1]

Etymology

The Latin name Dianella is after Diana, a goddess in Greek mythology. Further, the Latin ensifolia is used to regard the sword-shaped leaves of the plant. [1]

Phytochemical properties and chemotaxonomic significance

A 2017 study investigated the roots of the Dianella ensifolia, and was able to isolate eleven compounds. These compounds were: methyl orsellinate, rhizinonic acid, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromome, 5,7-dihydroxy-2,8 dimethylchromone, (-)-4'-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavan, (-)-4'-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-methylflavan, (2S)-30,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxyflavan, (2R)-7,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxy-8-methylflavan, tupichinol A, naringenin, and farrerol. When broken into groups, this would constitute two aromatics, two chromones, and 7 flavonoids.[2]

The compounds found in D. ensifolia can be correlated with different taxonomic levels, including the species, genus, and family. The research concluded the structural skeletons of the compounds found in the D. ensifolia, are found within the species of Dianella, and Liliaceae. This would correlate the species to the genus. Further, the aromatics, chromones, and flavonoids were first isolated from the species itself of the genus, and thus, could serve as markers for the identification of Dianella ensifolia.[2]

Chemical composition and medicinal use of essential oil

In 2020 essential oil of the D. ensifolia was chemically analyzed, and tested for its antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. The main components of the plant essential oil were identified as allo-aromadendrene (7.3%), Geranylacetone (6.2%), Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (4.4%), Longifolene (4.2%), and β-caryophyllene (4.0%).[3]

When examined individually, these compounds exhibit potent antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic activity, the potential to inhibit cell growth and proliferation, and in-vivo protective effects against juglone-induced oxidative stress in roundworm.[3]

The essential oil was investigated further for its antibacterial activity, and it was determined that it effectively inhibited the growth of numerous bacterial strains, including Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. This effect was associated with the compounds geranylacetone, hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, longifolene, and β-caryophyllene, found in the essential oil. [3]

The cytotoxicity of the essential oil was also examined against liver hepatocellular cells, and human breast adenocarcinoma cell line. The essential oil of the D. ensifolia displayed a dose-dependent effect on both tumor cell lines. This may be contributed to the reported tumor motility inhibition, and tumor aggression inhibition of β-caryophyllene.[3]

Extract medicinal use

A study conducted in 2010 screened plant extracts for antioxidants, and determined that the extract of Dianella ensifolia was both a strong antioxidant, and an agent that could be used to reduce skin hyperpigmentation. The extract of Dianella ensifolia, 1-(2,4-dihydrophenyl)-3-(2,4- dimethoxy-3-methylphenyl) propane (DP), was found to inhibit a free radical, which is linked to hyperpigmentation, and ultraviolet-C induced lipid oxidation. The extract from the plant was then tested against two pharmaceutical topical treatments. It was concluded that the plant extract, containing DP, had an increased rate of fading compared to the other treatments containing hydroquinone.[4]

References

  1. ^ a b c d "Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC". National Parks. Flora Fauna Web. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  2. ^ a b Tang, Ben-qin; Chen, Zhen-yang; Sun, Jian-bo; Lee, Simon Ming-yuen; Lu, Jian-lin (2010). "Phytochemical and chemotaxonomic study on Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC". Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. 17: 12-14. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
  3. ^ a b c d He, Zi-Qian; Shen, Xue-Yuan; Cheng, Xe-Yu; Want, Ruo-Lan; Lai, Peng-Xiang; Xing, Xiang (2020). "Chemical Composition, Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of the Essential Oil of Dianella ensifolia". Records of Natural Products. 14 (2): 160-165. doi:10.25135/rnp.150.19.07.1321. S2CID 204892762.
  4. ^ Mammone, Thomas; Muizzuddin, Neelam; Declercq, Lieve; Clio, Dominique; Corstjens, Hugo; Sente, Ilse; Van Rillaer, Katrin; Matsui, Mary; Niki, Yoko; Ichihashi, Masamitsu; Paolo, U. Giacomon; Dan, Yarosh (2010). "Modification of skin discoloration by a topical treatment containing an extract of Dianella ensifolia: a potent antioxidant". Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology. 9 (2): 89–95. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2010.00491.x. PMID 20618553. S2CID 40900725. Retrieved 30 March 2022.
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Dianella ensifolia: Brief Summary ( Anglèis )

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Dianella ensifolia is a flowering plant, of the family Asphodelaceae. It is native to southern China, India, Japan, Madagascar, Malesia, the Pacific Islands, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, and tropical Asia. Its common names include umbrella dracaena, common dianella, siak-siak, and flax lily.

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Dianella ensifolia ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Dianella ensifolia es una especie de planta herbácea perteneciente a la familia Xanthorrhoeaceae, en la subfamilia Hemerocallidoideae, que se encuentra en Asia.[1]

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Frutos.

Descripción

Es una planta herbácea perennifolia con rizoma rastrero, de 5-8 mm de espesor. Las hojas alargadas en forma de espada (que disminuye gradualmente en ambos extremos) tienen un tamaño de 30 a 80 cm de largo × 1 a 2,5 cm de ancho; son coriáceas, con nervio central abaxial, con el margen generalmente escabroso, y el ápice obtuso. El escapo es de 1 a 2 m de altura. Los tépalos son de color blanco, blanco verdoso, amarillento o púrpura azulado. Los estambres son más cortos que los tépalos. El fruto es en forma de bayas de color azul profundo, subglobosas, de 6 mm de diámetro.

Distribución y hábitat

Se encuentra en los bosques, en las laderas cubiertas de hierbas, desde el nivel del mar hasta cerca de 1700 m s. n. m. (metros sobre el nivel del mar), en Fujian, Cantón, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwán, Bangladés, Yunnan, Bután, Camboya, India, Indonesia, Japón, Laos, Malasia, Birmania, Nepal, Filipinas, Sri Lanka, Tailandia, Vietnam, África (Madagascar), Australia e islas del Pacífico].[2]

Taxonomía

Dianella ensifolia fue descrita por (Linneo) DC. y publicado en Les Liliacees...a Paris 1(1): pl. 1, en el año 1802.[3]

Citología

Tiene un número de cromosomas de: 2 n = 32.

Sinonimia

Referencias

  1. «Dianella ensifolia». Real Jardín Botánico de Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 10 de octubre de 2011.
  2. Dianella ensifolia en efloras.org.
  3. Dianella ensifolia en tropicos.org.
  4. Dianella ensifolia en theplantlist.org.

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Dianella ensifolia: Brief Summary ( Spagneul; Castilian )

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Dianella ensifolia es una especie de planta herbácea perteneciente a la familia Xanthorrhoeaceae, en la subfamilia Hemerocallidoideae, que se encuentra en Asia.​

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Dianella ensifolia ( Fransèis )

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Dianella ensifolia est une espèce de plantes de la famille des liliacées selon la classification classique de Cronquist (1981).

Description

  • Plante herbacée de 20 à 80 centimètres de haut.

Répartition

Madagascar, Inde, Asie du Sud Est, Chine, Australie, Iles du Pacifique.

Synonymie[1]

  • Anthericum adenanthera G. Forst.
  • Dianella ensata (Thunb. & Dallm.) R. Henderson
  • Dianella javanica Kunth
  • Dianella mauritiana Blume
  • Dianella montana Blume
  • Dianella nemorosa Lam.
  • Dianella odorata Blume
  • Dianella sandwicensis Hook. & Arn.
  • Dracaena ensata Thunb. & Dallm[2].
  • Dracaena ensifolia L.
  • Phalangium adenanthera Poir.
  • Walleria paniculata Fritsch

Détails

Références

  1. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=12&taxon_id=109790
  2. Ouvrage collectif, Plantes aromatiques et médicinales de Madagascar Inventaire de la forêt de Vohimana, ed. Chanel, Neuilly sur Seine, 2010, p. 57. (ISBN 978-2-9538061-0-6).

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Dianella ensifolia: Brief Summary ( Fransèis )

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Dianella ensifolia est une espèce de plantes de la famille des liliacées selon la classification classique de Cronquist (1981).

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Pokok Akar Siak ( malèis )

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Pokok Akar Siak merupakan sejenis pokok herba saka dalam keluarga Liliaceae. Nama sainsnya adalah Dianella ensifolia.

Rujukan

Pautan luar


Senarai pokok Pokok mangga A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - X - Y - Z
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Pokok Akar Siak: Brief Summary ( malèis )

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Pokok Akar Siak merupakan sejenis pokok herba saka dalam keluarga Liliaceae. Nama sainsnya adalah Dianella ensifolia.

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Hương bài ( vietnamèis )

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Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Hương bài (định hướng).

Hương bài hay còn gọi xương quạt, hương lâu, lâm nữ, cây rễ hương, cây bả chuột (danh pháp khoa học: Dianella ensifolia) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Thích diệp thụ. Loài này được (L.) DC. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1802.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Dianella ensifolia. Truy cập ngày 8 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết chủ đề Họ Thích diệp thụ này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Hương bài: Brief Summary ( vietnamèis )

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Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Hương bài (định hướng).

Hương bài hay còn gọi xương quạt, hương lâu, lâm nữ, cây rễ hương, cây bả chuột (danh pháp khoa học: Dianella ensifolia) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Thích diệp thụ. Loài này được (L.) DC. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1802.

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山菅 ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科

山菅學名Dianella ensifolia),別稱山菅蘭(貴州植物志)[1]、山貓兒、交剪草(海南植物志)[2]、山蘭花、金交剪(浙江植物志)[3]、山交剪、桔梗蘭、老鼠怕[4]及老鼠砒[5]等,為萱草科山菅屬植物[5],為多年生草本植物[6]。花期3-7月[7][8]。生長於平地至中海拔山坡[9]或林下[5]

分佈

分佈於中國、日本、台灣、琉球、澳洲、印尼等亞洲熱帶地區至至非洲的馬達加斯加島[5]亦有分佈。中國國內分佈於四川(重慶、南川一帶)、雲南(漾濞)、貴州廣西廣東(包括海南島)、江西(南部)、浙江福建等地[1]

形態特徵

山菅是一種多年生草本植物。根狀莖圓柱狀,橫走,直徑約1厘米。莖直立,連同花序高1-2米。葉革質堅挺呈線狀披針形,基部稍收狹,兩列狀排列,近基生,長約30-70厘米,寬約1-2.5厘米;葉兩面無毛,中脈在下面隆起;葉鞘側扁,頂端長漸尖,有龍骨狀凸起,基部套疊狀抱莖,邊緣及脊上均具褐色膜質的狹翅。花為圓錐狀花序頂生,由多個小的總狀花序所組成,花序部份分枝少而短,長約10-30厘米;總花梗與葉等長,有鞘狀苞片2-3枚;花常數朵聚生於花序分枝的近頂端,花梗長約5-10毫米,頂端具關節;小苞片呈卵形,頂端急尖;花被淡黃色、淡紫色、或綠白色,6裂,外輪花被片披針形,被脈5-7條,長約6-8毫米,寬約2-3毫米,內輪花被片則較狹,被脈5條;雄蕊6枚,長約6-7毫米;花藥長圓形,頂端孔裂,長約3.5毫米,寬約2-3毫米;花絲肉質,呈膝狀彎曲,頂端彎曲部份膨大,膨大部份長約1毫米;子房球形,長約2毫米,每室有6粒胚珠;花柱纖細,長約4-6毫米。果為近球形漿果,青綠色,成熟時紫藍色[9],直徑約4-8毫米,具5-6粒種子。種子卵形[2][1][3]

生長

山菅喜生長於高溫濕潤的氣候,喜半陰或光線充足的環境[10],不拘土質,不能耐旱,越冬時溫度需於攝氏5度以上。可使用分株法繁殖,或春季時播種繁殖[11]

醫藥用途及其毒性

性味甘、辛、性涼、有大毒[12],全草具有毒性,莖汁毒性尤強,誤食可引致腹瀉、食慾不振及精神萎縮等[7],嚴重可致呼吸困難而死[13]。家畜若誤服可引致死亡[2]。葉可治蛇傷;根狀莖可治腹痛,磨成粉狀外敷可治膿腫、癬、淋巴結炎等疾病[1]。莖和葉搗汁,與米炒香或將汁液浸米曬乾後可作為老鼠藥[2][14][15]

參考

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 貴州植物志[永久失效連結]333頁
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 海南植物志[永久失效連結]117頁
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 浙江植物志[永久失效連結]401頁
  4. ^ 百合科葉脈網
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 中國高等植物數據庫全庫 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2016-03-05.
  6. ^ 山菅蘭樹木谷
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 朱惠玲. 《香港自然圖鑑系列11 香港有毒植物》. 野外動向有限公司. 2007年7月: 第58頁. ISBN 978-988-97173-8-7 请检查|isbn=值 (帮助).
  8. ^ 香港植物標本室
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 桔梗蘭 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2008-05-13.東吳大學植物資料
  10. ^ 山菅兰 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2008-04-17.影觀中國 植物庫
  11. ^ 山菅兰 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆園林在線植物庫
  12. ^ 全球食用草本博物館[永久失效連結]
  13. ^ 藥材認識中國醫藥網
  14. ^ 香港攀山協會 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2009-02-27.
  15. ^ 山菅蘭Dianella ensifolia樹木谷

扩展阅读

外部連結

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山菅: Brief Summary ( cinèis )

fornì da wikipedia 中文维基百科

山菅(學名:Dianella ensifolia),別稱山菅蘭(貴州植物志)、山貓兒、交剪草(海南植物志)、山蘭花、金交剪(浙江植物志)、山交剪、桔梗蘭、老鼠怕及老鼠砒等,為萱草科山菅屬植物,為多年生草本植物。花期3-7月。生長於平地至中海拔山坡或林下。

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キキョウラン ( Giaponèis )

fornì da wikipedia 日本語
キキョウラン キキョウラン
キキョウラン(沖縄・2004年8月)
分類APG III : 植物界 Plantae 階級なし : 被子植物 angiosperms 階級なし : 単子葉類 monocots : キジカクシ目 Asparagales : ススキノキ科 Xanthorrhoeaceae 亜科 : キスゲ亜科 Hemerocallidaceae : キキョウラン属 Dianella : キキョウラン D. ensifolia 学名 Dianella ensifolia (L.) DC.

キキョウラン Dianella ensifolia は、キスゲ亜科の多年草。紫の花を付け、紫の果実を付ける。

特徴[編集]

多年生草本[1]。太い根茎があり、その表面は葉鞘で覆われる。根茎は地下を横に這い、太い根が少数出る[2]地下茎は径4mm、根の径は2mmほどもあり、表面には軟毛が密生する[3]

根出葉が多数あって二列性に配置する。は長さ40-60cm、幅15-20mmで線形。先に向かって次第に狭まり、先端は尖らないが、大抵の場合、先端側から枯れが入る。葉の縁は滑らかで、基部に向かって狭まり、二つ折りとなって互いに重なり合う[4]。葉質は革質で厚く基部は互いに重なり合う。

花期は日本では5-7月、ただし熱帯域では周年にわたって開花する[5]。花茎は根出葉の中から伸び出して高さ50-100cm。途中には退化した葉が着く。まばらな円錐花序を形成し、花はそれぞれ横向きか下向きに開花する。花柄は長さ7-15mmで、基部には卵状披針形のが着く。花被片は6枚、青くて長さ6-7mmで狭長楕円形、放射状に平らに広がり、先端は反り返る。雄蕊は6本、花糸の先端部が膨らむのはこの属の特徴だが、本種の場合、上部の膨らんだ部分の下で花糸が膝折に曲がる特徴がある[6]は線状楕円形で黄色。果実は肉質で球形、径1cmほどで青紫色になる。種子は長さ4mmの長楕円形で黒い。

和名は桔梗蘭であり、花の色がキキョウに似ていることに基づく[7]

分布[編集]

日本では、本州では紀伊半島四国九州小笠原諸島琉球列島に見られる。日本国外では、佐竹他(1982)は中国マレーシアインドに分布するとしている[8]

本種を広義に取れば、その分布はきわめて広く、東南アジア熱帯域では普通種で、オーストラリアタスマニアニュージーランドから西太平洋諸島にまで分布し、希ではあるがアフリカマダガスカルからも知られる。ただし地方型や生態型も数多く、それらを別種として10種にも分ける説もある[9]

生育環境[編集]

日本本土においてはその生育域は海岸が多い。佐竹他(1982)も北村他(1978)もその生育環境を「海岸」としている。ただし必ずしもそうは限らず、例えば和歌山県田辺市ひき岩群にも多数生育している。和歌山県では海岸の「海食崖から山脚部まで」分布し、崖の上に大株を作る[10]沖縄県ではその生育域を「海岸近くの原野から山裾にかけて」としている[11]

熱帯域においてはその生育環境はより幅広い。きわめて適応性の高い植物であり、開放的な草地から自然林にまで生育し、標高でも海岸から3,000mの高地まで見られる[12]

分類[編集]

キキョウラン属には上記のような分類上の問題もあり、研究者によってその種数は10-30まで諸説あるが、日本に産する種は本種のみである。Ylistでは本種の学名を上掲のものとした上で、狭義の場合の学名として D. ensifolia f. racemulifera をあげている。また、 f. albifolia シロバナキキョウランと、f. straminea キバナノキキョウランの二つも取り上げている[13]

ただし、この後二者については佐竹他(1982)も北村他(1978)も全く触れていない。初島(1975)にはキバナキキョウランについて D. straminea の学名で記述されている。それによると、この名で呼ばれるものは琉球(産地不明)で採集されて東京に移植されたといい、ただしその後に琉球列島でこれが採集されたことはない。記載からは本種のジャワ島ボルネオ島に産する変種 D. ensifolia f. pallescens に近いという。

  •  src=

  •  src=

    果実

  •  src=

    株元の様子

利用[編集]

観賞用に栽培され、斑入りの系統も知られる。熱帯地域ではグラウンドカバーとして利用される例もある。有毒植物で、薬草としても用いられる。中国では全草や茎を用い、腫れ物や疥癬のかゆみ止めとする[14]。また、タイにおいては南部の民族が腎臓病に対して本種の根を用いるという[15]

出典[編集]

  1. ^ 以下、記載は主として佐竹他(1982),p.34
  2. ^ 北村他(1978),p.131
  3. ^ 初島(1975),p.780
  4. ^ 北村他(1978),p.131
  5. ^ 堀田(1997)p.86-87
  6. ^ 北村他(1978),p.132
  7. ^ 牧野(1961),p.834
  8. ^ 佐竹他(1982),p.34
  9. ^ 堀田(1997)p.86-87
  10. ^ 南紀生物同好会(1979),p.228-229
  11. ^ 池原(1979),p.161
  12. ^ Uddin & Hassan(2009)
  13. ^ YList ”キキョウラン””. ^ 堀田(1997)p.86-87
  14. ^ Lojanapiwatna et al. (1982)

参考文献[編集]

  • 佐竹義輔・大井次三郎・北村四郎他、『日本の野生植物 草本I 単子葉植物』,(1982),平凡社
  • 北村四郎・村田源・小山鐵夫、『原色日本植物図鑑 草本編(III)・単子葉類(改定49刷)』,(1987),:保育社
  • 初島住彦、『琉球植物誌(追加・訂正版)』,(1975),沖縄生物教育研究会
  • 池原直樹、『沖縄植物野外活用図鑑 第4巻 海辺の植物とシダ』、(1979)、新星図書
  • 牧野富太郎、『牧野 新日本植物圖鑑』、(1961)、図鑑の北隆館
  • 堀田満「キキョウラン」:『朝日百科 植物の世界 10』、(1997)、朝日新聞社:p.86-87
  • 南紀生物同好会、『わかやまの生物』、(1979)、帯伊書店
  • Sarder Nasir Uddin & M. A. Hassan, 2009, Dianella ensifolia (L.) - A New Angiospermic Record for Bangladesh, Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 16(2):p.181-184
  • Vitchu Lojanapiwatna et al. 1982. Chemical constitutents of Dianella Ensifolia redoute. J. Sci, Soc. Thailand 8:pp.95-102.
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キキョウラン: Brief Summary ( Giaponèis )

fornì da wikipedia 日本語

キキョウラン Dianella ensifolia は、キスゲ亜科の多年草。紫の花を付け、紫の果実を付ける。

licensa
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drit d'autor
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者