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Streptococcus anginosus ( German )

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Streptococcus anginosus ist eine Bakterienart aus der Gattung Streptococcus (eingedeutscht: Streptokokken). Als Teil der menschlichen Bakterienflora besiedelt sie insbesondere den menschlichen Mundraum. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen kann sie als Krankheitsauslöser wirken.

Merkmale

Streptococcus anginosus sind kokkoide (rundliche), grampositive und aerotolerante Bakterien, die in Ketten wachsen. In Kultur bilden sie trockene, raue und krümelige oder glatte und weiche, weiße oder graue Kolonien mit einem Durchmesser von 1 bis 2 Millimetern. Eine Produktion von Polysaccharidkapseln ist bisher nur in einem Biovar beschrieben.

Verbreitung und Pathogenität

Streptococcus anginosus ist ein Bestandteil der Normalflora des Menschen. Er besiedelt vor allem den Mundraum, wo er die häufigste Art ist, und die oberen Partien der Atmungsorgane, daneben findet er sich jedoch auch im Verdauungstrakt und im Urogenitaltrakt.

Streptococcus anginosus kann Krankheiten auslösen, hauptsächlich eitrige Entzündungen des Urogenitaltrakts und des Verdauungstrakts, aber auch der Haut, der Knochen und des Kopfes. Bei Immundefizienten Personen können die Bakterien über den Blutkreislauf auch andere Gewebe und Organe erreichen und dort Krankheiten verursachen, so zum Beispiel im Zentralen Nervensystem, im Bauchraum oder im Blut selbst.

Eine gegebenenfalls notwendige antimikrobielle Therapie von Infektionen mit Streptococcus anginosus, S. intermedius und der S. constellatus-Gruppe erfolgt mit Antibiotika. Dazu eignen sich Penicillin, Ceftriaxon, Cefotaxim, Clindamycin und Vancomycin.[2]

Systematik

Streptococcus anginosus ist die namensgebende Art der sogenannten Anginosus-Gruppe innerhalb der Streptokokken, in die außerdem noch Streptococcus constellatus und Streptococcus intermedius gestellt werden. Die Gruppe gilt im Hinblick auf Taxonomie und Nomenklatur als schwierig und widersprüchlich, neuere Ergebnisse jedoch unterstützen die Gliederung in drei Arten. Die Gruppe wird zuweilen auch als Milleri-Gruppe bezeichnet nach der nicht mehr anerkannten Art Streptococcus milleri, deren Isolate durch genetische Untersuchungen als S. anginosus (bzw. in einem Fall S. intermedius) identifiziert wurden.[3]

Innerhalb der Art existieren zwei Gruppen genetischer Ähnlichkeit. Die Mehrzahl der β-hämolytischen Stämme der Lancefield-Gruppe C bildet eine der beiden Gruppen. Da sie sich jedoch biochemisch nicht eindeutig bestimmen lassen, ist diese Unterscheidung ohne taxonomische Relevanz.

Literatur

  • Jeremy M. Hardie, Robert A. Whiley: The Genus Streptococcus – Oral (Chapter 1.2.2). In: Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (Hrsg.): The Prokaryotes. A Handbook on the Biology of Bacteria. 3. Auflage. Volume 4: Bacteria: Firmicutes, Cyanobacteria. Springer-Verlag, New York 2006, ISBN 978-0-387-25494-4, S. 76–107, doi:10.1007/0-387-30744-3_2.

Einzelnachweise

  1. icdscout.de abgerufen 2020
  2. Marianne Abele-Horn: Antimikrobielle Therapie. Entscheidungshilfen zur Behandlung und Prophylaxe von Infektionskrankheiten. Unter Mitarbeit von Werner Heinz, Hartwig Klinker, Johann Schurz und August Stich, 2., überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Peter Wiehl, Marburg 2009, ISBN 978-3-927219-14-4, S. 267.
  3. Robert A. Whiley: Emended Descriptions and Recognition of Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus anginosus as Distinct Species. In: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. Band 41, Nr. 1, 1991, S. 1–5 (englisch, sgmjournals.org [PDF]).
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Streptococcus anginosus: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Streptococcus anginosus ist eine Bakterienart aus der Gattung Streptococcus (eingedeutscht: Streptokokken). Als Teil der menschlichen Bakterienflora besiedelt sie insbesondere den menschlichen Mundraum. Unter bestimmten Bedingungen kann sie als Krankheitsauslöser wirken.

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Streptococcus anginosus

provided by wikipedia EN

Streptococcus anginosus is a species of Streptococcus.[1] This species, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus constellatus constitute the anginosus group, which is sometimes also referred to as the milleri group after the previously assumed but later refuted idea of a single species Streptococcus milleri. Phylogenetic relatedness of S. anginosus, S. constellatus, and S. intermedius has been confirmed by rRNA sequence analysis.[2]

General characteristics

The majority of Streptococcus anginosus strains produce acetoin from glucose, ferment lactose, trehalose, salicin, and sucrose, and hydrolyze esculin and arginine. Carbon dioxide can stimulate growth or is even required for growth in certain strains. Streptococcus anginosus may be beta-hemolytic or nonhemolytic. The small colonies often give off a distinct odor of butterscotch or caramel. Among the nonhemolytic strains, certain ones produced the alpha reaction on blood agar.[3] However, of isolates examined in one study, 56% were nonreactive, 25% were beta reactive, and only 19% were alpha reactive.[4]

Infections

Streptococcus anginosus is part of the human bacteria flora, but can cause diseases including brain and liver abscesses under certain circumstances. The habitat of S. anginosus is a wide variety of sites inside the human body. Cultures have been taken from the mouth, sinuses, throat, feces, and vagina, yielding both hemolytic (mouth) and nonhemolytic (fecal and vaginal) strains. Because of the commonplace with this bacterium and the human body, there are a number of infections that are caused by S. anginosus.[3]

With S. anginosus blood stream infections (bacteremia) it has been widely reported that the source is often from an abscess. In one series of 51 cases of Strep milleri group bacteremia, 6 were associated with abscesses.[5]

Pyogenic liver abscess is associated with S. anginosus and in studies in the 1970s was reported to be the most common cause of hepatic abscess.[6] It was also reported that S. anginosus rarely causes infections in healthy individuals but instead it is usually the immunodeficient individuals who were victim to this bacterium. A case study was reported on a 40-year-old man who frequently drank alcohol and had poor oral hygiene. He was admitted to hospital with high fever and malaise. During diagnostic testing, an abscess was found on his liver, from which 550cc of hemopurulent exudate was drained. The exudate was cultured and S. anginosus was found. Disc diffusion technique revealed that bacterium was sensitive to penicillin. Patient was asymptomatic on 30th day of treatment. It was noted that the duration of symptoms is longer with liver abscesses associated with S. anginosus than with other microorganisms.[7]

Another study showed a case with a diagnosis of sympathetic empyema that was likely secondary to splenic abscess. Cultures of both sites grew Streptococcus anginosus. The empyema responded well to treatments however the splenic abscess required three weeks of drainage before the abscess resolved. Authors noted that there were no known cases of sympathetic empyema caused by Streptococcus anginosus.[8]

Treatments

There are several antimicrobial resistant strains of this bacterium. Most Streptococcus milleri strains are resistant to bacitracin and nitrofurazone, and sulfonamides are totally ineffective.[9] However, most strains studied have been shown to be susceptible to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline.[10]

References

  1. ^ Morita E, Narikiyo M, Yokoyama A, et al. (December 2005). "Predominant presence of Streptococcus anginosus in the saliva of alcoholics". Oral Microbiol. Immunol. 20 (6): 362–5. doi:10.1111/j.1399-302X.2005.00242.x. PMID 16238596.
  2. ^ Jacobs, JA; Schot, CS; Schouls, LM (May 2000). "The Streptococcus anginosus species comprises five 16S rRNA ribogroups with different phenotypic characteristics and clinical relevance". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 50 (3): 1073–9. doi:10.1099/00207713-50-3-1073. PMID 10843047.
  3. ^ a b Ruoff, KL (January 1988). "Streptococcus anginosus ("Streptococcus milleri"): the unrecognized pathogen". Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 1 (1): 102–8. doi:10.1128/CMR.1.1.102. PMC 358032. PMID 3060239.
  4. ^ Ball, Lyn C.; Parker, M. T. (14 May 2009). "The cultural and biochemical characters of Streptococcus milleri strains isolated from human sources". Journal of Hygiene. 82 (1): 63–78. doi:10.1017/S002217240002547X. PMC 2130127. PMID 762404.
  5. ^ Bert, Frédéric; Lancelin, Morgane Bariou; Zechovsky, Nicole Lambert (1 August 1998). "Clinical Significance of Bacteremia Involving the "Streptococcus milleri" Group: 51 Cases and Review". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 27 (2): 385–387. doi:10.1086/514658. ISSN 1058-4838. PMID 9709892.
  6. ^ Rawla, P; Vellipuram, AR; Bandaru, SS; Pradeep Raj, J (December 2017). "Colon Carcinoma Presenting as Streptococcus anginosus Bacteremia and Liver Abscess". Gastroenterology Research. 10 (6): 376–379. doi:10.14740/gr884w. PMC 5755642. PMID 29317948.
  7. ^ Yilmaz, hava (1 June 2012). "Liver abscess associated with an oral flora bacterium Streptococcus anginosus". Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. 2 (1): 33–35. doi:10.5799/ahinjs.02.2012.01.0039.
  8. ^ Wissa, Raschke, Mathew. "Sympathetic Empyema Arising from Streptococcus anginosus Splenic Abscess." Southwest Journal of Pulmonary and Critical Care. 2012. Vol. 4, pp48-50
  9. ^ Poole, P M; Wilson, G (1 August 1976). "Infection with minute-colony-forming beta-haemolytic streptococci". Journal of Clinical Pathology. 29 (8): 740–745. doi:10.1136/jcp.29.8.740. PMC 476157. PMID 956456.
  10. ^ Shlaes; et al. (1981). "Infections due to Lancefield group F and related streptococci". Medicine (Baltimore). 60 (3): 197–207. doi:10.1097/00005792-198105000-00003. PMID 7231153.

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cc-by-sa-3.0
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Wikipedia authors and editors
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visit source
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wikipedia EN

Streptococcus anginosus: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Streptococcus anginosus is a species of Streptococcus. This species, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus constellatus constitute the anginosus group, which is sometimes also referred to as the milleri group after the previously assumed but later refuted idea of a single species Streptococcus milleri. Phylogenetic relatedness of S. anginosus, S. constellatus, and S. intermedius has been confirmed by rRNA sequence analysis.

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