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Hepacivirus ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Hepacivirus és un gènere de virus dins la família Flaviviridae. L'únic membre del gènere és el virus de l'hepatitis C.[Quan?] Els Hepacivirus, com altres Flaviviridae, infecten mamífers.

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Hepacivirus: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Hepacivirus és un gènere de virus dins la família Flaviviridae. L'únic membre del gènere és el virus de l'hepatitis C.[Quan?] Els Hepacivirus, com altres Flaviviridae, infecten mamífers.

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Hepacivirus ( German )

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Hepacivirus ist eine Gattung von einsträngigen RNA-Viren der Familie Flaviviridae.[3] Bedeutendste Spezies ist Hepacivirus C mit dem 1989 entdeckten Hepatitis-C-Virus (HCV), für das der Mensch der einzige bekannte natürliche Wirt ist, und das sowohl Hepatitis C, Leberzellkarzinom als auch Malignes Lymphom auslösen kann.[4][3][5]

Das 1995 entdeckte GB-Virus B (GBV-B) ist in der Lage Neuweltaffen, insbesondere Krallenaffen der Tribus Tamarine (Sanguini) zu infizieren. Wie HCV wird es durch Blut übertragen und ähnlich wie HCV und ist mit einer Virushepatitis verbunden. GBV-B wurde jedoch noch nie bei Wildtieren festgestellt, und sein natürlicher Wirt ist daher nicht bekannt.[4]

Systematik

Die Viren dieser Gattung sind auf derzeit 14 Spezies aufgeteilt:[6][3]

  • Gattung Hepacivirus
    • Spezies Hepacivirus A
      • Canines Hepacivirus
      • Nicht-Primaten-Hepacivirus
      • Equines Hepacivirus
    • Spezies Hepacivirus B
    • Spezies Hepacivirus C
      • Hepatitis-C-Virus
    • Spezies Hepacivirus D
      • Guereza-Hepacivirus
    • Spezies Hepacivirus E
      • Rodent Hepacivirus-339
    • Spezies Hepacivirus F
      • Rodent Hepacivirus NLR07-Oct70
    • Spezies Hepacivirus G
      • Norway rat hepacivirus 1
    • Spezies Hepacivirus H
      • Norway rat hepacivirus 2
    • Spezies Hepacivirus I
      • Rodent Hepacivirus SAR-3/RSA/2008
    • Spezies Hepacivirus J
      • Rodent Hepacivirus RMU10-3382/GER/2010
    • Spezies Hepacivirus K
      • Bat Hepacivirus PDB-829
    • Spezies Hepacivirus L
      • Bat Hepacivirus PDB-112
    • Spezies Hepacivirus M
      • Bat Hepacivirus PDB-491.1
    • Spezies Hepacivirus N
      • Bovines Hepacivirus
nicht vom ICTV bestätigt sind nach NCBI u. a.[8]
    • Spezies „Hepacivirus P“,[9] Wirt: Mensch
    • Spezies „Chinese broad-headed pond turtle hepacivirus[10]
    • Spezies „Chinese softshell turtle hepacivirus[11]
    • Spezies „Guangxi chinese leopard gecko hepacivirus Guangxi[12]
    • Spezies „Hainan oriental leaf-toed gecko hepacivirus[13]
    • Spezies „Western African lungfish hepacivirus[14]
    • Spezies „Wenling moray eel hepacivirus[15]
    • Spezies „Nanhai dogfish shark hepacivirus[16]
    • Spezies „Nanhai ghost shark hepacivirus 1[17]
    • Spezies „Nanhai ghost shark hepacivirus 2[18]
    • Spezies „Wenling shark virus“ (WLSV),[19] befällt den Grazilen Katzenhai (Proscyllium habereri, englisch graceful catshark)[20]
    • Spezies „Xiamen sepia Stingray hepacivirus“,[21] befällt den Stachelrochen Urolophus aurantiacus
    • Spezies „Xiamen guitarfish hepacivirus“,[22] befällt Gitarrenrochen (Rhinobatidae)

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d ICTV Taxonomy history: Yellow fever virus. ICTV, EC 51, Berlin, Juli 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL #35)
  2. ICTV Master Species List 2018b.v2. MSL #34, März 2019
  3. a b c Flaviviridae (en) In: International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
  4. a b J. T Stapleton, S Foung, A. S Muerhoff, J Bukh, P Simmonds: The GB viruses: A review and proposed classification of GBV-A, GBV-C (HGV), and GBV-D in genus Pegivirus within the family Flaviviridae. In: Journal of General Virology. 92, Nr. 2, 2010, S. 233–46. doi:10.1099/vir.0.027490-0. PMID 21084497. PMC 3081076 (freier Volltext).
  5. Viral Zone. ExPASy. Abgerufen am 11. Dezember 2018.
  6. Donald B Smith, Paul Becher, Jens Bukh, Ernest A Gould, Gregor Meyers, Thomas Monath, A. Scott Muerhoff, Alexander Pletnev, Rebecca Rico-Hesse, Jack T Stapleton, Peter Simmonds: Proposed update to the taxonomy of the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus within the Flaviviridae family. In: Journal of General Virology. 97, Nr. 11, 2016, S. 2894–2907. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000612. PMID 27692039. PMC 5770844 (freier Volltext).
  7. B. Beames, D. Chavez, R. E. Lanford: GB virus B as a model for hepatitis C virus. In: ILAR J., 2001, 42(2), S. 152–160, PMID 11406717
  8. Unclassified Hepacivirus
  9. Hepacivirus P (species) NCBI
  10. Chinese broad-headed pond turtle hepacivirus (species) NCBI
  11. Chinese softshell turtle hepacivirus (species) NCBI
  12. chinese leopard gecko hepacivirus (species) NCBI
  13. Hainan oriental leaf-toed gecko hepacivirus (species) NCBI
  14. Western African lungfish hepacivirus (species) NCBI
  15. Wenling moray eel hepacivirus (species) NCBI
  16. Nanhai dogfish shark hepacivirus (species) NCBI
  17. Nanhai ghost shark hepacivirus 1 (species) NCBI
  18. Nanhai ghost shark hepacivirus 2 (species) NCBI
  19. Wenling shark virus (species) NCBI
  20. Mang Shi, Xian-Dan Lin, Nikos Vasilakis, Jun-Hua Tian, Ci-Xiu Li, Liang-Jun Chen, Gillian Eastwood, Xiu-Nian Diao, Ming-Hui Chen, Xiao Chen, Xin-Cheng Qin, Steven G Widen, Thomas G Wood, Robert B Tesh, Jianguo Xu, Edward C Holmes, Yong-Zhen Zhang: Divergent Viruses Discovered in Arthropods and Vertebrates Revise the Evolutionary History of the Flaviviridae and Related Viruses. In: Journal of Virology. 90, Nr. 2, 2016, S. 659–69. doi:10.1128/JVI.02036-15. PMID 26491167. PMC 4702705 (freier Volltext).
  21. Xiamen sepia Stingray hepacivirus (species) NCBI
  22. Xiamen guitarfish hepacivirus (species) NCBI
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Hepacivirus: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Hepacivirus ist eine Gattung von einsträngigen RNA-Viren der Familie Flaviviridae. Bedeutendste Spezies ist Hepacivirus C mit dem 1989 entdeckten Hepatitis-C-Virus (HCV), für das der Mensch der einzige bekannte natürliche Wirt ist, und das sowohl Hepatitis C, Leberzellkarzinom als auch Malignes Lymphom auslösen kann.

Das 1995 entdeckte GB-Virus B (GBV-B) ist in der Lage Neuweltaffen, insbesondere Krallenaffen der Tribus Tamarine (Sanguini) zu infizieren. Wie HCV wird es durch Blut übertragen und ähnlich wie HCV und ist mit einer Virushepatitis verbunden. GBV-B wurde jedoch noch nie bei Wildtieren festgestellt, und sein natürlicher Wirt ist daher nicht bekannt.

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Hepacivirus

provided by wikipedia EN

Hepacivirus is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Flaviviridae.[3] The hepatitis C virus (HCV), in species Hepacivirus C, infects humans and is associated with hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma.[3][4] There are fourteen species in the genus which infect a range of other vertebrate.[3]

History

Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which is the causative agent of hepatitis C in humans, and a member of the species Hepacivirus C, was discovered in 1989.[5] Seven genotypes (1–7) and eighty-six subtypes (1a, 1b etc.) of hepatitis C virus have been named.[6]

GBV-B virus (also known as GB virus B) discovered in 1995 is capable of infecting New World monkeys, in particular tamarins. Like HCV it is transmitted by the blood-borne route and similar to HCV it is associated with the viral hepatitis. However GBV-B has never been identified in wild animals and its natural host is not known.[5]

Structure

Viruses in the genus Hepacivirus are enveloped and have spherical icosahedral-like geometries with pseudo T=3 symmetry. The virus particle diameter is around 50 nm. Genomes are linear, non-segmented, and around 10,000 nucleotides in length.[3][4]

Life cycle

Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral envelope protein E to host receptors, which mediates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Replication follows the positive-strand RNA virus replication model. Positive strand RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by viral initiation. Humans and other vertebrate serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are sexual, blood, and contact.[3][4]

Taxonomy

Phylogenetic tree of hepaciviruses and pegiviruses with their host

In the genus Hepacvirus there are 14 species:[7][3]

Additional information

Additional hepaciviruses have been described from bats, rodents including bank voles, horses, and dogs.[8][9][10] Rodent hepacivirus is found in the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus).[5] A virus related to hepaciviruses is found in bamboo rat (Rhizomys pruinosus).[11] A virus related to hepaciviruses infects the long-tailed ground squirrel Spermophilus undulatus.[12]

Cattle are a host for viruses of the species Hepacivirus N.[13][14] The viruses most closely related to Hepacivirus C are the equine hepaciviruses of the species Hepacivirus A.[15] There are at least two subtypes of equine hepacivirus.[16] Hepacivirus A infecting horses has also been found in donkeys.[17]

A virus related to the hepaciviruses has been isolated from bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus).[18] Another unclassified virus in this taxon is duck hepacivirus-like virus.[19] A virus related to hepaciviruses has been isolated from the graceful catshark (Proscyllium habereri).[20] The virus – Jogalong virus – has been described that appears to belong to another species in this genus.[21]

References

  1. ^ Pringle, C. R. (1996). "Virus Taxonomy 1996 - A Bulletin from the Xth International Congress of Virology in Jerusalem" (PDF). Archives of Virology. 141 (11): 2251–6. doi:10.1007/BF01718231. ISSN 1432-8798. OCLC 76349762. PMC 7086844. PMID 8992952. Retrieved 13 March 2019. To name the genus comprising the hepatitis C-like viruses as the genus Hepacivirus.
  2. ^ 1ICTV 6th Report Murphy, F. A., Fauquet, C. M., Bishop, D. H. L., Ghabrial, S. A., Jarvis, A. W. Martelli, G. P. Mayo, M. A. & Summers, M. D.(eds)(1995). Virus Taxonomy. Sixthreport of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Archives of Virology Supplement 10, p. 424 https://ictv.global/ictv/proposals/ICTV%206th%20Report.pdf
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Flaviviridae". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
  4. ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
  5. ^ a b c Stapleton, J. T; Foung, S; Muerhoff, A. S; Bukh, J; Simmonds, P (2010). "The GB viruses: A review and proposed classification of GBV-A, GBV-C (HGV), and GBV-D in genus Pegivirus within the family Flaviviridae". Journal of General Virology. 92 (2): 233–46. doi:10.1099/vir.0.027490-0. PMC 3081076. PMID 21084497.
  6. ^ "HCV Classification". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV).
  7. ^ Smith, Donald B; Becher, Paul; Bukh, Jens; Gould, Ernest A; Meyers, Gregor; Monath, Thomas; Muerhoff, A Scott; Pletnev, Alexander; Rico-Hesse, Rebecca; Stapleton, Jack T; Simmonds, Peter (2016). "Proposed update to the taxonomy of the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus within the Flaviviridae family". Journal of General Virology. 97 (11): 2894–2907. doi:10.1099/jgv.0.000612. PMC 5770844. PMID 27692039.
  8. ^ Kapoor, A; Simmonds, P; Scheel, T. K. H; Hjelle, B; Cullen, J. M; Burbelo, P. D; Chauhan, L. V; Duraisamy, R; Sanchez Leon, M; Jain, K; Vandegrift, K. J; Calisher, C. H; Rice, C. M; Lipkin, W. I (2013). "Identification of Rodent Homologs of Hepatitis C Virus and Pegiviruses". mBio. 4 (2): e00216–13. doi:10.1128/mBio.00216-13. PMC 3622934. PMID 23572554.
  9. ^ Drexler, Jan Felix; Corman, Victor Max; Müller, Marcel Alexander; Lukashev, Alexander N; Gmyl, Anatoly; Coutard, Bruno; Adam, Alexander; Ritz, Daniel; Leijten, Lonneke M; Van Riel, Debby; Kallies, Rene; Klose, Stefan M; Gloza-Rausch, Florian; Binger, Tabea; Annan, Augustina; Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw; Oppong, Samuel; Bourgarel, Mathieu; Rupp, Daniel; Hoffmann, Bernd; Schlegel, Mathias; Kümmerer, Beate M; Krüger, Detlev H; Schmidt-Chanasit, Jonas; Setién, Alvaro Aguilar; Cottontail, Veronika M; Hemachudha, Thiravat; Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn; Osterrieder, Klaus; et al. (2013). "Evidence for Novel Hepaciviruses in Rodents". PLOS Pathogens. 9 (6): e1003438. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003438. PMC 3688547. PMID 23818848.
  10. ^ Lauck, M; Sibley, S. D; Lara, J; Purdy, M. A; Khudyakov, Y; Hyeroba, D; Tumukunde, A; Weny, G; Switzer, W. M; Chapman, C. A; Hughes, A. L; Friedrich, T. C; O'Connor, D. H; Goldberg, T. L (2013). "A Novel Hepacivirus with an Unusually Long and Intrinsically Disordered NS5A Protein in a Wild Old World Primate". Journal of Virology. 87 (16): 8971–81. doi:10.1128/JVI.00888-13. PMC 3754081. PMID 23740998.
  11. ^ Van Nguyen, Dung; Van Nguyen, Cuong; Bonsall, David; Ngo, Tue; Carrique-Mas, Juan; Pham, Anh; Bryant, Juliet; Thwaites, Guy; Baker, Stephen; Woolhouse, Mark; Simmonds, Peter (2018). "Detection and Characterization of Homologues of Human Hepatitis Viruses and Pegiviruses in Rodents and Bats in Vietnam". Viruses. 10 (3): 102. doi:10.3390/v10030102. PMC 5869495. PMID 29495551.
  12. ^ Li LL, Liu MM, Shen S, Zhang YJ, Xu YL, Deng HY, Deng F, Duan ZJ (2019) Detection and characterization of a novel hepacivirus in long-tailed ground squirrels (Spermophilus undulatus) in China. Arch Virol
  13. ^ Corman, Victor Max; Grundhoff, Adam; Baechlein, Christine; Fischer, Nicole; Gmyl, Anatoly; Wollny, Robert; Dei, Dickson; Ritz, Daniel; Binger, Tabea; Adankwah, Ernest; Marfo, Kwadwo Sarfo; Annison, Lawrence; Annan, Augustina; Adu-Sarkodie, Yaw; Oppong, Samuel; Becher, Paul; Drosten, Christian; Drexler, Jan Felix (2015). "Highly Divergent Hepaciviruses from African Cattle". Journal of Virology. 89 (11): 5876–82. doi:10.1128/JVI.00393-15. PMC 4442428. PMID 25787289.
  14. ^ Baechlein, Christine; Fischer, Nicole; Grundhoff, Adam; Alawi, Malik; Indenbirken, Daniela; Postel, Alexander; Baron, Anna Lena; Offinger, Jennifer; Becker, Kathrin; Beineke, Andreas; Rehage, Juergen; Becher, Paul (2015). "Identification of a Novel Hepacivirus in Domestic Cattle from Germany". Journal of Virology. 89 (14): 7007–15. doi:10.1128/JVI.00534-15. PMC 4473572. PMID 25926652.
  15. ^ Thézé, Julien; Lowes, Sophia; Parker, Joe; Pybus, Oliver G (2015). "Evolutionary and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Hepaciviruses and Pegiviruses". Genome Biology and Evolution. 7 (11): 2996–3008. doi:10.1093/gbe/evv202. PMC 5635594. PMID 26494702.
  16. ^ Pronost, S; Hue, E; Fortier, C; Foursin, M; Fortier, G; Desbrosse, F; Rey, F. A; Pitel, P.-H; Richard, E; Saunier, B (2017). "Prevalence of Equine Hepacivirus Infections in France and Evidence for Two Viral Subtypes Circulating Worldwide". Transboundary and Emerging Diseases. 64 (6): 1884–1897. doi:10.1111/tbed.12587. PMID 27882682. S2CID 19064165.
  17. ^ Walter S, Rasche A, Moreira-Soto A, Pfaender S, Bletsa M, Corman VM, Aguilar-Setien A, García-Lacy F, Hans A, Todt D, Schuler G, Shnaiderman-Torban A, Steinman A, Roncoroni C, Veneziano V, Rusenova N12, Sandev N12, Rusenov A, Zapryanova D, García-Bocanegra I, Jores J, Carluccio A, Veronesi MC, Cavalleri JMV, Drosten C, Lemey P, Steinmann E, Drexler JF (2016) Differential infection patterns and recent evolutionary origins of Equine Hepaciviruses in donkeys. J Virol 91(1)
  18. ^ Goldberg TL, Sibley SD, Pinkerton ME, Dunn CD, Long LJ, White LC, Strom SM (2019) Multidecade mortality and a homolog of Hepatitis C Virus in bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus), the national bird of the USA. Sci Rep 9(1):14953
  19. ^ Chu L, Jin M, Feng C, Wang X, Zhang D (2019) A highly divergent hepacivirus-like flavivirus in domestic ducks. J Gen Virol
  20. ^ Shi, Mang; Lin, Xian-Dan; Vasilakis, Nikos; Tian, Jun-Hua; Li, Ci-Xiu; Chen, Liang-Jun; Eastwood, Gillian; Diao, Xiu-Nian; Chen, Ming-Hui; Chen, Xiao; Qin, Xin-Cheng; Widen, Steven G; Wood, Thomas G; Tesh, Robert B; Xu, Jianguo; Holmes, Edward C; Zhang, Yong-Zhen (2016). "Divergent Viruses Discovered in Arthropods and Vertebrates Revise the Evolutionary History of the Flaviviridae and Related Viruses". Journal of Virology. 90 (2): 659–69. doi:10.1128/JVI.02036-15. PMC 4702705. PMID 26491167.
  21. ^ Williams SH, Levy A, Yates RA, Somaweera N, Neville PJ, Nicholson J, Lindsay MDA, Mackenzie JS, Jain K, Imrie A, Smith DW, Lipkin WI (2020) Discovery of Jogalong virus, a novel hepacivirus identified in a Culex annulirostris (Skuse) mosquito from the Kimberley region of Western Australia. PLoS One 15(1):e0227114

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Hepacivirus: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Hepacivirus is a genus of positive-strand RNA viruses in the family Flaviviridae. The hepatitis C virus (HCV), in species Hepacivirus C, infects humans and is associated with hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. There are fourteen species in the genus which infect a range of other vertebrate.

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Hepacivirus ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Hepacivirus es un género de virus perteneciente a la familia Flaviviridae. Los humanos son los hospedadores naturales. Algunas enfermedades asociadas con este género son la hepatitis y el carcinoma hepatocelular.[1][2]

La especie tipo es el virus de la hepatitis C.

Taxonomía

Group: ssRNA(+) [2]

Taxonomía revisada

Las especies conocidas en 2016 ha sido clasificadas en 14 especies: Hepacivirus A-N.[3]

  • Hepacivirus A es el virus previamente conocido como Canine hepacivirus/Non-primate hepacivirus/Equine hepacivirus
  • Hepacivirus B es el virus previamente conocido como GBV-B
  • Hepacivirus C es el virus previamente conocido como Hepatitis C virus
  • Hepacivirus D es el virus previamente conocido como Guereza hepacivirus
  • Hepacivirus E es el virus previamente conocido como Rodent hepacivirus
  • Hepacivirus F es el virus previamente conocido como Rodent hepacivirus
  • Hepacivirus G es el virus previamente conocido como Norway rat hepacivirus 1
  • Hepacivirus H es el virus previamente conocido como Norway rat hepacivirus 2
  • Hepacivirus I es el virus previamente conocido como Rodent hepacivirus
  • Hepacivirus J es el virus previamente conocido como Rodent hepacivirus
  • Hepacivirus K es el virus previamente conocido como Bat hepacivirus
  • Hepacivirus L es el virus previamente conocido como Bat hepacivirus
  • Hepacivirus M es el virus previamente conocido como Bat hepacivirus
  • Hepacivirus N es el virus previamente conocido como Bovine hepacivirus

La especie tipo del género es el hepacivirus C. Siete genotipos y ochenta y cuatro subgenotipos son reconocidos.

Estructura

Los virus del género Hepacivirus tienen envoltura, con geometría esférica. Su diámetro ronda los 50 nm. El genoma es linear y no segmentado, midiendo cerca de 10kb.[1]

Ciclo vital

La entrada en la célula hospedadora se consigue mediante la adhesión de la proteína E de la envoltura viral a receptores de membrana celulares, provocando su endocitosis mediada por clatrina. Su replicación sigue el esquema general de los virus con ARN positivo. La traducción tiene lugar por iniciación viral. El ser humano es el hospedador natural, y las rutas de transmisión son la sexual, la sangre, y el contacto directo.[1]

Historia

El HCV, que es el agente causante de la hepatitis C humanos y la especie tipo del género, fue descubierto en 1989.[4]

El virus GBV-B (también conocido como virus GB B), descubierto en 1995, es capaz de infectar platirrinos, en particular tamarinos. Al igual que el HCV, es transmitido por la sangre y también está asociado a hepatitis viral. Sin embargo el virus GB B nunca ha sido identificado en animales salvajes y no se conoce su hospedador natural.[4]

Información adicional

Otros hepacivirus han sido descritos de murciélagos, roedores (incluyendo Myodes glareolus), caballos y perros.[5][6][7]

El ganado bovino también parece ser hospedador de estos virus.[8][9]

El rodent hepacivirus se encuentra en Peromyscus maniculatus.[4]

Una especie relacionada con este género ha sido aislada de Proscyllium habereri.[10]

Hay al menos dos subtipos de hepacivirus equino.[11]

El virus más emparentado con el virus de la hepatitis C humana es el virus de la hepatitis C del caballo.[12]

Referencias

  1. a b c «Viral Zone». ExPASy. Consultado el 15 de junio de 2015.
  2. a b ICTV. «Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release». Consultado el 15 de junio de 2015.
  3. Smith DB, Becher P, Bukh J, Gould EA, Meyers G, Monath T, Muerhoff AS, Pletnev A, Rico-Hesse R, Stapleton JT, Simmonds P (2016) Proposed update to the taxonomy of the genera Hepacivirus and Pegivirus within the Flaviviridae family. J Gen Virol 97(11):2894-2907
  4. a b c Stapleton, J. T.; Foung, S.; Muerhoff, A. S.; Bukh, J.; Simmonds, P. (2010). «The GB viruses: a review and proposed classification of GBV-A, GBV-C (HGV), and GBV-D in genus Pegivirus within the family Flaviviridae». Journal of General Virology 92 (2): 233-246. ISSN 0022-1317. PMC 3081076. PMID 21084497. doi:10.1099/vir.0.027490-0.
  5. Kapoor, A; Simmonds, P; Scheel, TK; Hjelle, B; Cullen, JM; Burbelo, PD; Chauhan, LV; Duraisamy, R; Sanchez Leon, M; Jain, K; Vandegrift, KJ; Calisher, CH; Rice, CM; Lipkin, WI (2013). «Identification of rodent homologs of hepatitis C virus and pegiviruses». MBio 4 (2): e00216-13. PMC 3622934. PMID 23572554. doi:10.1128/mBio.00216-13.
  6. Drexler, JF; Corman, VM; Müller, MA; Lukashev, AN; Gmyl, A; Coutard, B; Adam, A; Ritz, D; Leijten, LM; van Riel, D; Kallies, R; Klose, SM; Gloza-Rausch, F; Binger, T; Annan, A; Adu-Sarkodie, Y; Oppong, S; Bourgarel, M; Rupp, D; Hoffmann, B; Schlegel, M; Kümmerer, BM; Krüger, DH; Schmidt-Chanasit, J; Setién, AA; Cottontail, VM; Hemachudha, T; Wacharapluesadee, S; Osterrieder, K; Bartenschlager, R; Matthee, S; Beer, M; Kuiken, T; Reusken, C; Leroy, EM; Ulrich, RG; Drosten, C (2013). «Evidence for novel hepaciviruses in rodents». PLoS Pathog 9 (6): e1003438. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1003438.
  7. Lauck M, Sibley SD, Lara J, Purdy MA, Khudyakov Y, Hyeroba D, Tumukunde A, Weny G, Switzer WM, Chapman CA, Hughes AL, Friedrich TC, O'Connor DH, Goldberg TL (2013) A novel hepacivirus with an unusually long and intrinsically disordered NS5A protein in a wild Old World primate. J Virol
  8. Corman, VM; Grundhoff, A; Baechlein, C; Fischer, N; Gmyl, A; Wollny, R; Dei, D; Ritz, D; Binger, T; Adankwah, E; Marfo, KS; Annison, L; Annan, A; Adu-Sarkodie, Y; Oppong, S; Becher, P; Drosten, C; Drexler, JF. «Highly divergent hepaciviruses from African cattle». J Virol 89 (11): 5876-82. PMC 4442428. PMID 25787289. doi:10.1128/JVI.00393-15.
  9. Baechlein, C; Fischer, N; Grundhoff, A; Alawi, M; Indenbirken, D; Postel, A; Baron, AL; Offinger, J; Becker, K; Beineke, A; Rehage, J; Becher, P (2015). «Identification of a novel hepacivirus in domestic cattle from Germany». J Virol 89 (14): 7007-7015. PMC 4473572. PMID 25926652. doi:10.1128/JVI.00534-15.
  10. Shi M, Lin XD, Vasilakis N, Tian JH, Li CX, Chen LJ, Eastwood G, Diao XN, Chen MH, Chen X, Qin XC, Widen SG, Wood TG, Tesh RB, Xu J, Holmes EC, Zhang YZ (2015) Divergent viruses discovered in arthropods and vertebrates revise the evolutionary history of the Flaviviridae and related viruses. J Virol pii: JVI.02036-15
  11. Pronost, S; Hue, E; Fortier, C; Foursin, M; Fortier, G; Desbrosse, F; Rey, FA; Pitel, PH; Richard, E; Saunier, B (2016). «Prevalence of Equine Hepacivirus infections in France and evidence for two viral subtypes circulating worldwide». Transbound Emerg Dis. doi:10.1111/tbed.12587.
  12. Thézé J, Lowes S, Parker J, Pybus OG (2015) Evolutionary and phylogenetic analysis of the hepaciviruses and pegiviruses. Genome Biol Evol 7(11):2996-3008

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Hepacivirus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Hepacivirus es un género de virus perteneciente a la familia Flaviviridae. Los humanos son los hospedadores naturales. Algunas enfermedades asociadas con este género son la hepatitis y el carcinoma hepatocelular.​​

La especie tipo es el virus de la hepatitis C.

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Hepacivirus ( Italian )

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Hepacivirus è un genere della famiglia Flaviviridae. La specie tipo è il virus dell'epatite C. I microorganismi di questo genere, come altri Flaviviridae, sono in grado di infettare i mammiferi.

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Hepacivirus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Hépacivírusi so rod virusov RNK iz družine flavivirusov, katerega predstavnik je virus hepatitisa C[1]. Virus hepatitisa C je trenutno edini poznani virus iz tega rodu, ki okuži človeka. Ime je rod dobil po grški besedi za jetra, hepatos.[2] Mednarodni odbor za taksonomijo virusov je v ta rod uvrstil tudi virus GBV-B, ki okuži opice tamarinke.[3]


Viri

  1. http://lsm1.amebis.si/lsmeds/novPogoj.aspx?pPogoj=hepacivirus, Slovenski medicinski e-slovar, vpogled: 20. 1. 2011.
  2. http://netclass.fmmu.edu.cn/materials/text/3206.pdf, Alan DT Barrett: Flaviviruses, University of Texas, Galveston, Teksas, ZDA, vpogled: 20. 1. 2011.
  3. Stapleton JT, Foung S, Muerhoff AS, Bukh J, Simmonds P.: The GB viruses: a review and proposed classification of GBV-A, GBV-C (HGV), and GBV-D in genus Pegivirus within the family Flaviviridae, Journal of General Virology (2011), 92, 233–224.


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Avtorji in uredniki Wikipedije
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wikipedia SL

Hepacivirus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia SL

Hépacivírusi so rod virusov RNK iz družine flavivirusov, katerega predstavnik je virus hepatitisa C. Virus hepatitisa C je trenutno edini poznani virus iz tega rodu, ki okuži človeka. Ime je rod dobil po grški besedi za jetra, hepatos. Mednarodni odbor za taksonomijo virusov je v ta rod uvrstil tudi virus GBV-B, ki okuži opice tamarinke.


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Avtorji in uredniki Wikipedije
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wikipedia SL