Tachyta parvicomis Notman

Tachyta parvicomis Notman

Tachyta parvicomis Notman, 1922:100 [holotype, male, in FDAG, not seen by me; type-locality: St. Petersburg, Florida].

DIAGNOSIS.—This species is the only one in North America whose members have an entire interneur 8.

DESCRIPTION.—Form (Figure 98): Similar to members of T. nana inornata except still narrower and slightly more convex; pronotum almost quadrate, elytra moderately elongate and distinctly parallel-sided.

Color: Moderately shiny rufopiceous or piceous; appendages flavous or flavopiceous.

Head (Figure 146): Proportionately as in members of T. nana inornata; frontal furrows much less impressed and raised area around anterior supraorbital seta less pronounced than in members of T. nana inornata; front between eyes without well-defined punctulate belt; eyes prominent, slightly larger than T. nana members, and setulose. Mouthparts (Figure 145). Antenna (Figure 151).

Pronotum (Figures 147, 148): Narrow and nearly quadrate, disc subconvex; sides slightly sinuate posteriorly with slightly obtuse hind angles; surface laterobasally without carina or rudiment of one; basal transverse impression well engraved laterally, interrupted broadly at middle; anterior angles not produced, margin nearly truncate. Male anterior tarsi (Figure 150), posterior tarsal claws (Figure 152).

Elytra (Figure 149): Suturai interneur striate and well impressed, entire; interneurs 2 to 4 moderately well impressed and ended just behind middle, lateral interneurs effaced or nearly so, 8 entire and sulcate throughout its length; humeral margin rounded to base of interneur 5, margin narrowly reflexed and narrowly explanate from humerus to plica, edge setulose, setae longer than in any other North American form; chaetotaxy as in T. nana members; plica well developed.

Microsculpture (Figures 153–155): As in members of T. nana, except meshes of pronotum slightly more elongate and less complete.

Genitalia (Figure 125): Male endophallus similar to those of T. nana members except distal sclerotization more narrowly rounded (4 examined); female as in T. falli (5 examined).

Size: Length, 2.34 to 2.82 mm; width, 0.96 to 1.18 mm, 8 specimens measured.

VARIATION.—Color variation is as described for T. nana inornata. In T. parvicornis the more melanistic forms occur in Arizona, the more rufinistic ones in Florida.

NATURAL HISTORY.—Adults have been found in all months except November; teneral specimens were found in April, May, June, July, and September. It is possible that hibernation takes place in various stages in this species. Elevation records indicate an altitudinal range from sea level to 2300 m. Many specimens have labels indicating the beetles were found under pine bark; only one gives a specific host, Pinus rigida.

DISTRIBUTION (Figure 156).—The range of this species extends from Massachusetts and Wisconsin south to Florida and west to South Dakota and Arizona.

The Larval Stages of Tachyta and Tachymenis Species

Perris (1862) first described the larval and pupal stages of Tachyta nana nana. Unfortunately, the illustrations do not show character states that are useful at the subtribal level. Gardner (1938) described the larval stage of Tachyta umbrosa; again the illustrations, while better than those of Perris, do not show adequately the necessary character states. Van Emden (1942) restudied these papers and larvae of the same species plus larvae of genus Tachymenis (see below and his page 63). Van Emden’s illustrations are well prepared and useful for comparative purposes, although only T. nana nana is illustrated. In addition, Van Emden did not recognize the genera Tachyta and Tachymenis as different, thus did not point out the numerous character state differences.

It is not within the scope of this paper to present detailed descriptions of larvae, particularly because not enough material is available for careful study of variation. However, appropriate illustrations and summaries of character state differences might allow field recognition and a basis for future work.

In the New World, only species of three genera of Tachyina will normally be found under bark, namely Xystosomus, Tachymenis, and Tachyta. The larval stages of Xystosomus are unknown unless Van Emden’s “Mioptachys?” is Xystosomus. Van Emden (1942:63) noted one specimen of this from Costa Rica, at Hamburg Farm along the Rio Reventazon. The group “Mioptachys” are wingless Tachymenis and only occur at high altitudes from Mexico to Guatemala; Hamburg Farm is much farther south and is near sea level. Furthermore, Van Emden characterizes this specimen as having its mandibular cutting edge denticulate. As described later, neither Tachyta nor Tachymenis have denticulate mandibles. It is possible that the larva Van Emden had was one of the six Xystosomus species (Xystosomus gruti, X. ampliatus, X. anterocostis, X. sublaevis, X. elaphrinus, or X. microtretus) found at Hamburg Farm or in adjacent lowland Costa Rica (Erwin, 1973).

D. R. Whitehead and I collected a single larva from under bark of a branch of a fallen tree on Barro Colorado Island, Canal Zone, in 1974. This specimen has many characteristics of the Bembidiini and keys to this in Van Emden (1942). However, the head capsule and cephalic appendages are so different from Tachyta and Tachymenis, and other described Tachyina, that I almost hesitate to assign it to the Bembidiina. However, it has one character state common to Bembidiini that I find in no other carabid larval illustrations and that is the small seta dorsad on the tarsus. This seta is at the basal third in Bembidiina and at the middle in Tachyina. Our single specimen fits the condition of Tachyina. Furthermore, there is no other Bembidiine living on the island that might be found under bark. It is possible that our specimen is Xystosomus (X. gruti or X. nigropalpis). I have included characters of both this specimen and that of Van Emden’s in the following key to larvae.

Van Emden (1942:63) cites an additional specimen from Hamburg Farm, “under loose bark of Virola warburgi, F. Nevermann leg” and gives the name as Tachys (Tachyta) sp. It is quite likely that this specimen belongs to the genus Tachymenis (included in the Tachyta concept of Bates, 1882) and hence keys to Van Emden’s “subgenus Tachyta Kirby.” The New World southern limit of true Tachyta is Belize and Guatemala, while Tachymcnis are extremely common in Costa Rica (at least 6 species). Thus Van Emden’s concepts of Tachyina larvae are to be used with caution since they are based on mixed genera.

I have compared larval specimens of T. nana inornata from Mexico with illustrations of T. nana nana from Germany (Van Emden, 1942) and T. umbrosus from India (Gardner, 1938) and can find no differences. Some problems are that the illustrations do not show the correct character states nor are they at high enough magnification. Further investigations of larval stages of Tachyta species should be made.

In addition to the illustrations supplementing the key, I provide additional scanning electron micrographs (Figures 169–174) of character states held in common by the two genera broadly characterized above. These illustrations should aid students of Tachyina larvae and promote the study of carabid larvae in general. Techniques such as critical point drying and electron scanning, when combined, should add great depth to the study of carabid larvae.

Tentative Key to Larvae of New World Tachyina Found under Bark or in Decaying Wood

Natural History

Most species of Tachyta are associated with the process of wood decay. Members live under bark of dead trees, which are either standing or fallen. Larvae and adults are also found in burrows of wood-boring insects and in cracks in the wood. One species, which occurs only in New Guinea, has members which run on foliage or epiphytes (Darlington, 1962) rather than on wood. The habits and exact habitat of the immature stages of this foliage runner are unknown. Lindroth (1945) summarized the ecology of Tachyta n. nana and indicated that these beetles eat adults and larvae of scolytid bark beetles and Collembola.

The altitudinal range of Tachyta is from sea level to about 3700 meters and the latitudinal range is from about 13°S in Australia to 69°N in Norway. At least two species within Tachyta (T. acuticollis and T. philipi) show altitudinal complementarity.

The ecological range, in the sense of general communities, is from boreal forest to tropical lowland forest and tropical upland forest, the latter in the Old World only. In the New World, the range of only one species of Tachyta extends as far south as Belize and Guatemala, perhaps because members of Tachymenis, another underbark group, outcompete Tachyta members. Tachymenis species are found only in the New World, ranging from Argentina north to Mexico, with only one species extended into the United States and Canada. The ranges of the two groups thus are almost perfectly complementary and are generally similar to Pericompus-Elaphropus in the same area (Erwin, 1974a).

Teneral adult material was available for study; thus, there is some indication of when larvae and pupae may be found in the forest. Members of the coracina group can be found in the adult stage throughout the year; teneral adults in this group were found in the periods March to July and August to November, perhaps indicating bivoltine life histories. Members of T. umbrosa (umbrosa group) were found in the adult stage in all months of the year; tenerals were found in several months distributed throughout the year, perhaps indicating a constant breeding cycle. Members of the falli and nana groups, both typical holarctic elements, overwinter in the adult stage in the logs, emerge in spring for dispersal flights and oviposit in early summer; teneral adults were repeatedly found in August; thus, larvae and pupae would be present in the fauna in early summer. Two exceptions to this general senario are T. nana inornata in Mexico and T. parvicornis in the southern United States, which apparently have extended the larval stage to as early as April, undoubtedly due to the milder southern winters.

Dispersal of Tachyta is by flight (see Lindroth, 1945) (I have also caught T. nana inornata in flight) and probably by rafting on logs. Both T. subvirens and T. falli have been found in transported logs. Tachyta hispanolae, a member of the picina group, is known only from Hispanniola in the Caribbean while its relatives and ancestral stock are strictly African. Transatlantic connections between Africa and the Caribbean are also known in several other carabid groups, e.g., Perileptus, Lymnastis, Sphaerotachys, Halocoryza (Darlington, 1957; Erwin, ms; Whitehead, 1966). Carabid beetles are known to fly or be swept through the air up to 100 miles and still be capable of flight to a light trap at the end of their journey (Erwin, unpublished data). It is highly possible this mode of transport was used by some of the small African carabids during the millions of years after Africa and South America split apart and after the permanent existence of Caribbean island. Which mode, by air or by floating log, was used by T. hispaniolae is debatable but the important thing is that either mode is highly plausible. It is especially interesting that of all the World’s Tachyta species only some present African species are known to fly to lights commonly (Coiffait, in litt.).

Evolutionary and Zoogeographic Considerations

Tachyta are a group of second-level derived Tachyina. This level is defined by the presence of an oblique anterior tibial apex and nonfoveate mentum associated with normal mouthparts. This level is in contradistinction to first-level, which is defined by truncate anterior tibial apex and nonfoveate mentum, and third-level, which has oblique anterior tibial apex and foveate mentum. The closest relatives of Tachyta are thus found in the Elaphropus lineages, although previous authors placed them with Tachymenis. Tachymenis are a group of first-level Tachyina and only convergent, in some respects, to Tachyta. Both occur in logs and under bark and probably have acquired similar adaptations for living there.

The male genitalia of Tachyta species, particularly the sclerites of the internal sac, demonstrate a transformation series or morphocline. The coracina and umbrosa group members have a poorly sclerotized internal sac with small independent sclerites. At the other end of the cline, nana and falli group members have an extremely complex internal sac with twisted sclerites and folds. The simple condition is found in most Tachyina, particularly throughout Elaphropus and its allies. Objectively (Erwin 1970:172), I regard the simple condition as plesiomorphic, and therefore the morphocline can be read in the direction of simple to complex. This direction of development can be directly correlated with geographic distribution. The simple condition occurs in Tachyta members in the southern Oriental Region and northern Australian Region, an intermediate condition occurs in Africa, and the complex condition occurs in North America.

The Oriental-Australian Region has more diversity and species than any other single area. The results of two major radiations are represented in this area (I have ranked these as two subgenera), whereas there is only one of these two groups elsewhere in the world. Therefore, I suggest that the center of origin of Tachyta was the southern Oriental Region.

In this region, the basal stock split from some Elaphropus lineage and became the regional underbark. Tachyina. Subsequent radiation resulted in the coracina group and an umbrosa-like stock. The coracina stock had a minor radiation in New Guinea and the Oriental Region, resulting in only four known species. One of these, T. wallacei, has apparently moved into another adaptive zone as a leaf runner or dweller in mossy epiphytes. This mode of life is similar to that proposed for the extinct Tachyina lineage represented in Baltic Amber, Tarsitachys (Erwin, 1971), but I doubt any real relationship between the two. All species of the coracina group have members with reduced or no elytral interneurs and no dorsal microsculpture (except scutellum and labrum). In addition, three species (T. acuticollis, philipi, and wallacei) have members with reflexed pronotal sides, a character state convergent with New World Tachymenis species.

Also in the Oriental Region, the umbrosa-like stock underwent minor radiation resulting in six known species. An early stock of this lineage invaded Australia, resulting in only one species in the far north, and another stock invaded Africa. This latter generalized T. umbrosa-like ancestor dispersed to southern Africa and underwent speciation. From this small radiation in Africa, two invasions of North America occurred, one very early to the southern mainland and one later to the West Indies.

The stock which reached the West Indies came late and still shows great similarities with certain African species. This island invasion resulted in the extant T. hispaniolae.

The stock which reached the mainland from tropical Africa was very likely adapted to at least subtropical conditions. Since it survived, it probably reached the mainland in the subtropical south, somewhere along the southern Atlantic coast of the United States or south to Belize, Central America. Present distribution shows both extant Nearctic groups to extend south as far as southern Mexico; one of these groups goes to Belize. Limited radiation occurred in this African stock, resulting in these two lineages. The stock of one lineage became widespread and eventually speciated, forming a Pacific coast-Rocky Mountains and East vicariant pair. The stock of the second lineage speciated, likewise forming a vicariant pair except these two were the north-south vicariants, T. nana and T. parvicornis. Tachyta nana was extremely successful penetrating the North Temperate Zone and has reached the Palearctic Region via Berhingia. Tachyta nana shows geographic variation, the three forms of which I regard as subspecies. The presence of mid- to late-Tertiary fossil material (Matthews, 1974 and in litt.) of T. angulata or its ancestral stock on Banks Island, N.W.T., Canada (74°N), indicates that transarctic migration might have occurred in members of the fallinana groups in order to establish T. nana nana in the Palearctic Region. Also the present tolerance of high latitudes by the fallinana groups shows that these beetles might have crossed the Behring Land Bridge at a time of more or less continuous forest. The stocks of both lineages radiating on the American Continent moved south, as well as north, but in the south were unable to overcome the competition of a dominant group of underbark Tachyina, the Tachymenis. The Tachyments, although on an earlier evolutionary level than Tachyta, arose and radiated in the New World Tropics and are today only found there. There are well over 100 species known, and they are extremely common under bark of most trees in the tropics. They are agressive predators and I suggest they eat eggs laid under bark where Tachyta females oviposit. (In a study of competition, this is the first area of limitation I would suggest for investigation.) Secondly, Tachymenis members are very small and perhaps the tight bark of tropical hardwoods allows them better access than larger Tachyta members. Tachyta members occur under the looser bark of conifers and softer-wooded deciduous trees in the north (Betula, Populus, Acer, Celtis). (This is the second area of limitation I would investigate.)

In sum, I considered the relationships based on synapomorphy (Table 1, 2, Figure 175), the genitalia morphocline, the geographic distribution of the species, and in part the ecological ranges of related groups. I believe that Tachyta arose from the Elaphropus ancestral lineages sometime after the separation of the major continents, perhaps in the mid to late Cretaceous (timing based on estimates by Erwin, 1970), but before Australia reached its present position. The absence of diversity on Australia supports this hypothesis and generally the distribution of Tachyta species in the Oriental-Australian Regions fits the “multiple movements” hypothesis of Darlington (1971:220), wherein many Oriental stocks moved and are moving southward across Indonesia through New Guinea to Australia. Movement of the Oriental stock to Africa probably occurred through India, and was interrupted by the later aridness of the Persian Gulf area. Movements of the African stocks probably occurred across the Atlantic when the continents were much closer than they are now; the trip (s) was made by rafting or possibly by flight. After radiation on the North American Continent and adaptation to cold temperate conditions, the Behring Land Bridge was crossed by one species. Subsequent closing of the Bridge in the Pleistocene allowed T. nana to accumulate geographic differences reflected in my subspecies ranking.

Appendix: Material Examined

1. Tachyta coracina (Putzeys)

Map: Figure 15.

Specimens examined: 81.

Republic of Viet Nam: Hoa Binh, August (BMNH).

Sarawak: (MCZ).

Philippines: Lcyte: “wooded hills of cent. Leyte.” January (MCZ, USNM). Luzon: Dingalan Bay, June–August (MCZ, USNM): “Mt. Makiling, Laguna.” September (USNM, MCZ); “Mahatobato, Camarines,” May (CAS), Mindanao: “E. slope Mt. Apo, Todaya, Davao Province,” 2800 ft. November (MCZ); “E. slope Mt. McKinley, Davao Province,” 3500 ft., September (MCZ). Palawan: Puerto Princesa, Bacungan, March (FMNH, MCZ, USNM).

Sulawesi (Celebes): Tjamba, August–September (USNM).

Malaysia: Penang Hill, 100 m, June (CAS).

Djawa (Java): Megamendg (USNM); Pekalongan (MCZ); Songbanteng (MCZ).

Morotai Island: September (MCZ, USNM).

New Guinea: Irian: Hollandia, May (MCZ). Territory of New Guinea: Stephansort, Astrolabe Bay (HNM); Wum, U'pper Jimmi Valley, 840 m, July (BMNH).

Thailand: “20 mi. SE. Chantaburi, 75M,” August (CAS, USNM); Khao-Yai National Park, 750 m, July (CAS, USNM); “E. slope, Doi Sutep, 260 m, July (CAS).

2. Tachyta acuticollis (Putzeys)

Map: Figure 29.

Specimens examined: 36.

Philippines: Luzon: Laguna Province, Los Baños, October (MCZ).

Morotai Island: September (MCZ).

New Guinea: Irian: Sansapor, August (MCZ); Mallin Bay, August, September (CAS, MCZ, USNM). Territory of New Guinea: “Bubia, 13 km. nw. Lae,” March (MCZ); “lower Busu R. Huon Pen.,” May (MCZ, USNM). Sattelberg, Huon Gulf (MCZ); Wau, 1100 m, September (MCZ). Papua: Dobodura, March–July (MCZ, USNM); Oro Bay December–January (MCZ, USNM); ‘Bisianumu, nr. Sogeri, 500 m,” March (MCZ); Joangeng, 500 m, April (MCZ). For additional localities, see Darlington (1962).

3. Tachyta philipi, new species

Map: Figure 29.

Specimens examined: 6.

New Guinea: Irian: “Sibil Valley, Star Mts., 1245 m,” October–November (MCZ, USNM); Territory of New Guinea: Okapa, August (MCZ, USNM).

Additional material: Specimens labelled as “Tachys acuticollis P. det. Darl. ’68” in the Bishop Museum, Hawaii and in Dr. R. W. Hornabrook's collection, New Guinea.

4. Tachyta wallacei Andrewes

Map: Figure 29.

Specimens examined: 4.

New Guinea: Irian: Hollandia, July–September (MCZ).

Territory of New Guinea: “lower Busu R., Huon Peninsula, May (USNM). Papua: Dobodura, March–July (MCZ, USNM).

Additional material: Darlington (1962, 1971) lists additional localities and location of specimens. These are plotted on my map, Figure 29.

5. Tachyta umbrosa (Motschulsky)

Map: Figure 43.

Specimens examined: 276.

Sri Lanka (Ceylon): Northwestern Province: Rajakadaluwa, January (MHNG). Sabaragamuwa Province: Deerwood Kuruwita, 6.0 miles NNW Ratnapura, February (UML, USNM). Uva Province: Inginiyagala, February (MNHG).

Ryu kyus Islands: Okinawa: Chizuka, July to September (USNM).

Iriomote Jima: Mt. Ushikumori, March (MCZ, USNM).

Taiwan: klapan, December (MCZ).

Philippines: Leyete: San Jose, 1.0 miles north near Leberanan River, Janaury (FMNH, MCZ, USNM); “Plains of NE Leyte,” November–January (MCZ, USNM); “wooded hills of cent. Leyete,” January (MCZ, USNM). Luzon: “Alabang, Rizal Province, December,” (USNM); “Los Baños, Laguna, 500–1000 m,” May (FMNH, MCZ, USNM); “Central plains of Luzon, February–September” (MCZ, USNM); Dingalan Bay, June–August (MCZ, USNM); Mt. Makiling, Laguna, January, June, September, October, November (CAS, MCZ, USNM); Baguio, April (USNM); “SE Bataan” July–August (MCZ, USNM). Mindanao: “E. slope Mt. McKinley. Davao Province, 3000′, September” (FMNH, MCZ, USNM); “Caburan, Caburan, Davao Province, sea level, January,” (FMNH, MCZ, USNM); “Todaya, E. slope Mt. Apo, Davao Province, 2800′, October,” (FMNH, USNM); “Kabasalan, Zamboanga, April,” (CAS); Tambanan, Zamboanga, June (MCZ). Mindoro: San Jose, September (CAS, MCZ, USNM). Palawan: “Bacungan, Pto. Princesa, Palawan Province, March” (FMNH, MCZ, USNM).

Morotai Island: September (MCZ, USNM).

Kalimantan (Borneo): Mjoberg (MCZ): Telok Ayer (MCZ, USNM).

Malaysia (Sarawak): (MCZ).

Sumatra: “Indrapoura” (MCZ); Tebing Tinggi, June (MCZ).

Djawa (Java): Djatiwekas (MCZ); Popoh (MCZ); Roban, May (MCZ).

New Guinea: Irian: Maffin Bay, August, September (CAS, MCZ, USNM). Territory of New Guinea: Bougainville, November (USNM). “Saidor: Gabumi Vill., Finisterre Range, June,” (MCZ); “Wau, Morobe Distr. Mt. Missim, 1100 m, August,” (MCZ); “Torricelli Mts., Sugoitei Vill.. 900 m, February,” (MCZ); Wau, 1050 m, September (MCZ); “lower Busu R., Huon Pen., May,” ((MCZ); Stephansort, Huon Peninsula (MCZ). Papua: Dobodura, March–July (MCZ, USNM); Oro Bay, December–January (MCZ, USNM).

British Solomon Islands: Florida (USNM); Malaita Auki (USNM); Auki (USNM); Wainoni (USNM).

6. Tachyta gilloglyi, new species

Map: Figure 43.

Specimens examined: 4.

Republic of South Viet Nam: Cam Rahn Bay, Tiger Lake, June (USNM).

7. Tachyta monostigma (Andrewes)

Map: Figure 43.

Specimens examined: 0.

8. Tachyta brunnipennis (MacLeay)

Map: Figure 61.

Specimens examined: 24.

Australia: Queensland: North Cape York Peninsula, Lockerbie (CSIRO, MZC, USNM); “W. of Ravenshoe, Atherton Tab., ca. 3000′, February” (MCZ, USNM); Bamaga (MCZ); Port Darwin (BMNH).

9. Tachyta malayica (Andrewes)

Map: Figure 61.

Specimens examined: 3.

Malaysia: Singapore (BMNH, MCZ).

Additional material: Andrewes (1925) cites Penang and Java.

10. Tachyta barda (Darlington)

Map: Figure 61.

Specimens examined: 5.

New Guinea: Papua: Dobodura, March–July (MCZ, USNM); Oro Bay, near Dobodura, December–January (MCZ).

11. Tachyta picina (Boheman)

Map: Figure 87.

Specimens examined: 1.

Africa: Republic of South Africa: Natal: Malvern (BMNH).

Additional material: Basilewsky (1968a) cites Ampandradava, Madagascar. Bruneau de Miré (1964) cites several localities in

Mozambique: Nova Choupanga, Inhacoro (Tambara), Mtondo; Basoutoland; Tchad: Fort-Archambault.

12. Tachyta subvirens Chaudoir

Map: Figure 87.

Specimens examined: 98.

Africa: Cameroon: Lolodorf (MCZ). Gabon: Belinga, January to May (MHNP, MCZ. USNM): Makokou, March (MHNP. USNM). Liberia: Mt. Coffee, March (USNM).

Additional material: Bruneau de Miré (1964) cites several localities in Africa: Congo: Brazzaville. Republic of the Congo: Leopoldville, Maniema. Central African Republic: Fort Sibut.

13. Tachyta guineensis Alluaud

Map: Figure 87.

Specimens examined: 1.

Africa: Republic of the Congo: 18.0 mi. SW of Elisabethville. November (BMNH).

Additional material: Basilewsky (1968b) cites several localities in the Ivory Coast: Bingerville, June, October, and November: Divo. September; Man. August: Fcrkessédougou, May. Bruneau de Miré (1964) cites several African localities: Ivory Coast: Assinie. Danane: Cameroon: Eseka. Edea: Gabon: foret de Conkuali, Ngomo, Lambaréné: Republic of Guinea: Cabo San Juan.

14. Tachyta hispaniolae (Darlington)

Map: Figure 88.

Specimens examined: 6.

Caribbean: Dominican Republic: “ft hills Cord. Cent. S. of Santiago, June” (MCZ), Haiti: Grande Riviere (MCZ, USNM); St. Marc (MCZ, USNM).

15. Tachyta pseudovirens de Miré

Map: Figure 87.

Specimens examined: 11.

Africa: Gabon: Belinga, January, February (MHNP, USNM).

Additional material: Bruneau de Miré (1964) cites several African localities: Republic of Congo: Sankuru, Ituri, Maniéma; Cameroon: Pont du Nkam; Gabon: Libouga-Mayumba.

16. Tachyta falli (Hayward)

Map: Figure 111.

Specimens examined: 157.

Canada: British Columbia: Grouse Mountain, September (MCZ); Royal Oak, May (CNC); near Squamish, Diamond Head Trail, 3200′, Garibaldi Park, August (CNC); Vancouver Island, September (MCZ); Vancouver, April (MCZ).

United States: California: Eldorado Co., June (MCZ); Fresno Co., Huntington Lake, July (CAS); Humboldt Co. (CAS); Fieldbrook, May (USNM); Lassen Co., Facht, August (CAS); Lassen National Park, August (CAS); Manzanita Lake, 5800′, July (FMNH); Madera Co., SW foot of Madera Peak, 7550′, August (CAS); Mendocino Co., Boardtree Camp, August (CAS); Jumpoff Creek, August (CAS); West Willits, December (CAS); Napa Co., Calistoga, June (CAS); Nevada Co., Russell Valley, June (CAS); Truckee, 5800′, August (MCZ, USNM); Placer Co., Bear River—Bowman Lake, August (CAS); Plumas Co., Butt Valley Reservoir, 4000′, July (CAS); near Chester, Benner Creek, May, July, August (USNM): near Chester, Last Chance Creek, June (USNM); Siskiyou Co., August (MCZ, USNM); Sisson, July (MCZ, USNM); Sonoma Co., December (USNM); Tulare Co., May, September (FMNH, MCZ): Tuolumne Co., Dodge Ridge, July, August (CAS): Long Barn, August (CAS); N of Pine Crest, Niagara Creek, June (CAS); Pine Crest, August (CAS); Strawberry, August, September (CAS); County Unknown, Tallac, July (MCZ): Tallac, Lake Tahoe, July (MCZ, USNM), Idaho: Latah Co., Moscow, Mountains, June (USNM): Troy, August (USNM). Oregon: Benton Co., West Philomath, Mary's Peak, May (CNC); Douglas Co., Glendalc. September (USNM); Hood River Co., Mount Hood, July (MCZ): Multnomah Co., Portland, May (USNM); County Unknown, Bohemia, August (USNM), Washington: San Juan Co., Orcas Island, July (USNM); Spokane Co., Spokane, May (USNM); Yakima Co., Yakima City, July (USNM).

17. Tachyta angulata Casey

Map: Figure 121.

Specimens examined: 282.

Canada: Alberta: Flatbush, April, May (UASM). British Columbia: Kamloops, May (MCZ); “Keithly” (MCZ); Vernon (USNM). Manitoba: Husavick, June (CNC); Stockton, 2 mi. W, May (CNC); “To.7 RE//E,” July (CNC); Victoria Beach, May (CNC). New Brunswick: Fredericton, July (CNC). Nova Scotia: Portapique, July (MCZ); Port Medway, July (MCZ); Weymouth, April, August (MCZ). Ontario: Algonquin Provincial Park, August (USNM); Brimley, September (MCZ); Ottawa, May (CNC); Port Author, July (MCZ); Toronto, June (MCZ). Quebec: Ayers Cliff, July (ALAR); Becancourt, August (CCHA); Berthierville, May, June, October (U Mon); Cloridorme, July (ALAR); Dosquet, June (CCHA); Gaspé County, June (CNC); Great Whale River, June (CNC); Ile-aux-Coudres, June (ALAR); Joliette, July (U Mon); Lake William, September (CCHA); Lac d’Alembert, May (ALAR); Lake Memphremagog, June (USNM); Laniel, August (CNC); Lauzon, June (U Mon); Masham, near Mud Lake, 4 mi. W, October (MCZ); Mount Albert, 600′, July (CNC); Mount Lyall, June (ALAR, CNC); Nomininque, August (U Mon); Noranda, June (U Mon); Orleans Islands, April, June (CCHA, USNM); Parc du Mont Tremblant, June (U Mon); Port-au-Saumon, July (ALAR); Pointe-du-Lac, May, June (CCHA); Quebec, May (CCHA); Rigaud, May, June (ALAR, U Mon); Saint-Catherine, July (CCHA); Saint-Fidèle-de-Mont-Murray, July (USNM); Sainte-Foy, May (CCHA); Saint-Etienne, September (CCHA); Saint-Emile de Quebec, May, August (ALAR); Saint-Gérard Magella, October (CCHA); Saint-Jérome, June (U Mon); Saint-Léon-de-Standon, Dorch, May (CCHA). Saskatchewan: “Kenosee,” June (CNC). Yukon Territory: Dawson, 58.0 mi. N, Gravel Lake, 2050′, August (CNC).

United States: Arizona: Cochise Co., Chiricahua Mountains, June (USNM); Pima Co., Mount Lemmon, July (CAS). Connecticut: Tolland Co., Storrs, April (USNM). District of Columbia: Brookland, November (USNM); Washington, D.C., August, November (USNM). Maine: Cumberland Co., Sebago, October (MCZ); Kennebec Co., Winthrop, September (MCZ); Oxford Co., Bethel, June, July (MCZ); Paris, June (MCZ); Penobscot Co., Orono, May (MCZ); Piscataquis Co., Mount Katahdin, June, August (MCZ, USNM); York Co., Kennebunk, June (MCZ); County Unknown, King and Bartlett Lake, August (MCZ); Wessataquick River, June (MCZ). Maryland: Garrett Co., Oakland, May (USNM); Montgomery and Prince Georges Cos., Takoma Park, March (USNM); Prince Georges Co., College Park, April (CNC); Washington Co., South Mountains, October (USNM). Massachusetts: Barnstable Co., Sagamore, June (MCZ); Berkshire Co., Wil-Hamstown, May (MCZ); Bristol Co., Berkley, July (MCZ); Dartmouth, June, August, October (MCZ); Hampden Co., Longmeadow, August (U Mon); Springfield, May (USNM); Wilbraham, April (USNM); Middlesex Co., Arlington, April (MCZ); Burlington, May (MCZ); Cambridge (MCZ); Sherborn, April (CNC); Tyngsboro (MCZ); Wayland, April (MCZ); Weston, January (MCZ); Norfolk Co. (MCZ); Blue Hills, near Braintree (UASM); Suffolk Co., Boston, April (MCZ, USNM); Worcester Co., Berlin (MCZ). Michigan: Kalamazoo Co., Galesburg (MCZ), Minnesota: Faribault Co., Little Winnebegosish, June (KWCO); Hennepin Co., Minneapolis, October (USNM). Montana: Missouli Co., Missoula (USNM); Powell Co., Nigger Hill (USNM); Ravalli Co., Sula, June (USNM). New Jersey: Camden Co., Clementon, May (MCZ); Essex Co., South Orange, December (USNM); Gloucester Co., Glassboro, April (USNM); Malaga, June (USNM); Morris Co., Boonton, February (USNM); Union Co., Elizabeth (USNM). New Hampshire: Carroll Co., White Mountains, “Glen,” 1500′ June (MCZ); Cheshire Co., Swanzey Pond, July (MCZ); Coos Co., Mount Washington, Lake of Clouds, June, July (MCZ); Mount Washington, August (CNC); Shelburne, July (MCZ); Grafton Co., Rumney, April, September (MCZ); Rockingham Co., Hampton, May (USNM); County Unknown: Three Mile Island, May (MCZ); Weyman, April (MCZ). New Mexico: Colfax Co., Koehler (USNM): Otero Co., Cloudcroft (USNM). New York: Dutchess Co., Peekskill (MCZ); Essex Co., North Ella, October (MCZ); Franklin Co., Adirondack Mts., 2000′, Chateaugay Lake, August, September (MCZ); Herkimer Co., Newport (MCZ); Orange Co., West Point, March, April, May, June (MCZ); Saint Lawrence Co., Cranberry Lake, July (USNM); Ulster Co., Oliverea, July (USNM); Washington Co., West Hebron (MCZ). North Carolina: Buncombe Co., Mount Mitchell, June (USNM): County Unknown: Mount Pisgah, September (MCZ). Oregon: (USNM). Pennsylvania: (CNC); Monroe Co., Pocono Lake, August (USNM); Warren Co., Bear Lake (USNM). South Carolina: Oconee and Pickens Cos., Clemson College, March (USNM). Vermont: Chittenden Co., Winooski, September (CCHA); Lamoille Co., Stowe, top of Mount Mansfield, “38–4300′,” June (ALAR); Washington Co., Berlin (USNM). Virginia: (MCZ, USNM); Fairfax Co., Falls Church, April (USNM); Page Co., Skyland, September (MCZ). Wisconsin, Bayfield Co., Bayfield (USNM). West Virginia: Preston Co., Aurora, August (MCZ).

Mexico: Durango: El Salto, 20 mi. W, 10 mi. W, July (CNC); Nuevo Leon: Galeana, 22.2 mi. NW, Cerrado Potosi, 10,300′, 10500′–11780′, 12000′, May, July, October (CNC, UASM, USNM); Veracruz: Cofre de Perote, north slope, 10 mi. S Las Vigas, 9600′, August (UASM).

18a. Tachyta nana nana (Gyllenhal)

Map: Figure 126.

Specimens examined: 23.

Sweden: Dalarna: Ottander (UML); Uppland: Ringselle (UML); Skåne (UML).

Austria: Gössl (MCZ); Millstatt (MCZ); Negoi (MCZ); Wien (MCZ).

Germany: “Nied.-Oest” Weschselburg (MCZ).

USSR: “Abkhazia, nr. Zamzlu River, Caucasus” (USNM). Siberia: Okeanskaya, August (USNM).

Japan: (BMNH). Hokkaido: 5.0 mi. w. Sapporo, September (USNM).

Additional material: Kryzhanovskiy (1970) indicates this species occurs in forest areas in the USSR from the south of the taiga to the southern borders, is absent from the steppes and deserts in central USSR, and is also found in Turkey, northern Iran, the Mongolian People’s Republic, northern China, northwest Africa, and Japan.

18b. Tachyta nana inornata (Say)

Map: Figure 135.

Specimens examined: 947.

Canada: British Columbia: Peachland, August (CNC); Summerland, October (CNC, MCZ); 2.3 mi. E Vaseaux Lake near Oliver, May (UASM). Ontario: St. Ola, April (CNC); Toronto, September (MCZ); Trenton, April (CNC). Quebec: Hull, June (CNC); Knowlton, June, July (CNC); Montreal (CNC, MCZ); St. Armand, August (U Mon).

United States: Alabama: Jefferson Co., Birmingham, May (CMNH); Mobile Co., Mobile, January, June (MCZ). Arizona: Gila Co., Globe, June (MCZ); Pima Co.; Sta. Catalina Mts., January (CAS, USNM). Arkansas: (USNM); Pike Co., Delight, April (FMNH). California: Contra Costa Co., Mt. Diablo, March (USNM); El Dorado Co., Pleasant Valley, October (MCZ); Kern Co., Alder Creek Campgrd. West slope Greenhorn Mts., March (CAS); Lake Co., (CAS); Madera Co., Bass Lake, June (MCZ); Orange Co., Laguna, August (MCZ); Plumas Co., Chester, 6 mi. NW, along Benner Creek, June (USNM); Sacramento Co., Folsom, August (MCZ, USNM); Michigan Bar, February, May (CAS); Santa Clara Co., Gilroy Hot Springs, May (CAS); Santa Cruz Co., Glenwood Road, April (USNM); Santa Cruz, February (CAS); Sonoma Co., December (USNM); Tulare Co., Kaweah (CNC, MCZ); County Unknown, Sisson, July (MCZ); Stewarts Pt. (MCZ, USNM). Colorado: Arapahoe Co., Littleton, June (MCZ); La Plata Co., vicinity Durango, August (MCZ). District of Columbia: April (USNM); Anacostia, March (USNM); Rock Creek, December (USNM); Woodridge, March (USNM). Florida: Calhoun Co., Clarksville, March (CNC); Dade Co., Key Largo (MCZ, USNM); Miami, March, April (MCZ); Timms Hamock, February (MCZ); Duval Co., Jacksonville (USNM); Hernando Co., Croom, June (MCZ); Levy Co., Waccasassa River Gulf Hamock, March, April (CNC, USNM); Orange Co.. Lake Mary (MCZ); Winter Park, January (MCZ); Palm Co., Palm Beach, January (USNM); Pasco Co., Moon Lake, April (CNC); Putnam Co., Palatka, February (MCZ); Sarasota Co., Sarasota, February, March (MCZ); Volusia Co., Edgcwater, March (MCZ); Enterprise, May, September, October. November (MCZ, USNM): County unknown, Fort Barrancas. March (MCZ). Georgia: Baldwin Co., Milledgeville, April (USNM): Chatham Co., Savannah, March (CNC); Glynn Co., St. Simons Isl., July (MCZ); Rabun Co., Clatyon, July (USNM); Tift Co., Tifton (MCZ). Idaho: Canyon Co., Parma, March (USNM); Latah Co., Troy, August (MCZ, USNM). Illinois: Champaign Co., March (CNC); Urbana, March (MCZ, USNM); Cook Co., Willow Springs, June (CMNH); Kane Co., Aurora, April (CMNH); Tazewell Co., Pckin, October (MCZ); County unknown, “Witchert,” October (CMNH). Indiana: Porter Co., Dune Acres (CMNH); Wayne Co., Richmond, July (CAS); County unknown, South McAlester, June (USNM); Vinita, June (USNM). Iowa: (MCZ); Buchanan Co., Independence, December (MCZ); Dickinson Co., Lake Okoboji, July (USNM); Henry Co., Mt. Pleasant, February, April (MCZ); Johnson Co., Iowa City, March, April, October (MCZ, USNM). Kansas: Doniphan Co., Wathena, August (USNM); Douglas Co., Lawrence, March, April (CNC, MCZ, USNM); Riley Co., May (USNM); Shawnee Co., Topeka, March (USNM). Kentucky: Fayette Co., Raven Run Kentucky River, August (CMNH). Louisiana: Desota Parish, Frierson, April (USNM); Logansport, June (USNM); Jefferson Parish, Harahan, July (MCZ); New Orleans (USNM); Madison Parish, Tallulah, February (MCZ); Rapides Parish, Alexandria, 10 mi. SW, March (CNC); St. Martin Parish, Morgan City (MCZ, USNM); Parish Unknown, Vowell’s Mill, October (USNM). Maine: Kennebec Co., Monmouth, June (MCZ); York Co., Kennebunk, June (MCZ). Maryland: Arundel Co., Annapolis, April (USNM); Baltimore Co., Baltimore, March, April (USNM); Towson, November (USNM); Dorchester Co., Cambridge, November (USNM); Harford Co., Edgewood, August, September (USNM); Montgomery Co., June, September (USNM); Cabin John Bridge, April (USNM); Glen Echo, July (USNM); Plummer’s Isl., April (USNM); Silver Springs, April (USNM); Prince Georges Co., Beltsville, February, March, September (RDGO, USNM); Takoma Park, May (CAS); Washington Co., Clear Spring, April (USNM). Massachusetts: Berkshire Co., Williamstown, May (MCZ); Bristol Co., Swansea, September (MCZ); Hampden Co., Chicopee (MCZ); Springfield (MCZ); Middlesex Co., Cambridge (MCZ); Norfolk Co., Blue Hills, March (MCZ); Weymouth, April (MCZ); Suffolk Co., Brookline (MCZ). Michigan: Arenac Co., Saganing, October (MCZ); Kalamazoo Co., Galesburg (MCZ); Wayne Co., Detroit (MCZ). Missouri: Central Missouri (USNM). Montana: (MCZ); Missoula Co., Missoula (USNM); County unknown, Assiniboine Mts., April (USNM). New Jersey: (MCZ); Bergen Co., Fort Lee, April (MCZ, USNM); Hillsdale, August (MCZ); Palisades, May (MCZ, USNM); Burlington Co., Mt. Misery, April (USNM); Camden Co., Camden, February (MCZ); Grenloch, October (MCZ); Essex Co., Montclair (MCZ); Gloucester Co., Glassboro, May (MCZ); Morris Co., Boonton, March (MCZ, USNM); Denville, March (MCZ); Split Rock Lake, April (MCZ). New Mexico: Taos Co., San Juan Valley, August (MCZ). New York: (MCZ); Bronx Borough, Bronx, August (USNM); Brooklyn Co., Brooklyn, May (USNM); Erie Co., Buffalo (USNM); New York Co., Long Island, Fiatbush, April (USNM); Orange Co., West Point, April, May, June (USNM); Suffolk Co., Long Island, Wyandanch, April (USNM); Tompkins Co., Ithaca (USNM). North Carolina: (MCZ, USNM); Buncombe Co., Asheville, August (MCZ); Durham Co., Durham (KWCo); Macon Co., Highlands, May (CNC); Moore Co., Southern Pines, April, December (USNM); Pasquotank Co., Elizabeth City, December (USNM); Robeson Co., Lumberton, February (CNC); Spain Co., Bryson City, August (MCZ); Wake Co., Raleigh, February, September, October, November (CNC); County unknown, Mt. Pisgah, September (MCZ). North Dakota: Benson Co., Pleasant Lake, October (RDGo, USNM); Richland Co., May (RDGo); Rolette Co., March (RDGo). Ohio: Athens Co., Athens, April, October (USNM); Licking Co., Newark (USNM). Oregon: (MCZ, USNM); Multnomah Co., Portland (USNM); Washington Co., Dilley (USNM). Pennsylvania: (CNC, USNM); Allegheny Co., Pittsburgh, November (MCZ); Cumberland Co., Enola, April (MCZ); Delaware Co., April (MCZ); Castle Rock, April, May (MCZ); Luzerne Co., Wyoming, September (MCZ); Montgomery Co., Limerick (MCZ). South Carolina: Clarendon Co., Summerton, March (USNM); Florence Co., Florence, April (USNM); Kershaw Co., Camden, March (MCZ); Oconee Co., Clemson, March (CNC, USNM). Tennessee: Central Tennessee, April (USNM); Davidson Co., Nashville (USNM); Knox Co., Knoxville, May, December (CNC). Texas: (MCZ, USNM); Bexar Co., San Antonio, January (MCZ); Blanco Co., Cypress Mills, March (USNM); Chambers Co., Anahuac, July (USNM); Cherokee Co., Jacksonville, October (USNM); Comal Co., (USNM); Dallas Co., Dallas, January, March, May (MCZ, USNM); Harris Co., May (MCZ); Kendall Co., Boerne, October (USNM); Kerr Co., Kerrville, April (CNC); Travis Co., Austin, December (CAS); Victoria Co., Victoria, February (USNM); Wharton Co., Wharton, December (USNM). Vermont: Lamoille Co., Mt. Mansfield, July (MCZ); Windham Co., Brattleboro (USNM). Virginia: Alexandria City, May (USNM); Arlington Co., Rosslyn (USNM); Fairfax Co., Dead Run, April (USNM); Difficult Run, May (USNM); Dunn Loring, December (USNM); Falls Church, July, August, November (USNM); Great Falls, February, September (MCZ, USNM); Mt. Vernon, June (USNM); Fauquier Co., Belvoir, December (USNM); Lee Co., Pennington Gap (USNM); Mecklenburg Co., Roanoke River, Route 1, August (MCZ); Nelson Co., July (USNM); Warren Co., Linden, 5 mi. N, March (MDRU); Linden, 9 mi. N, March (USNM); County Unknown, Ft. Lee, July (USNM); Peach Grove Hill, February (USNM); Skyland, September (MCZ). Washington: Klickitat Co., Klickitat, July (USNM); Spokane Co., Spokane, July (USNM, MCZ); Whitman Co., Pullman, April (USNM); Yakima Co., Yakima, July (USNM); County unknown, Wenass, July (USNM). West Virginia: Lewis Co., Weston, October (USNM); Greenbrier Co., White Sulphur Springs, May (MCZ). Wisconsin: (MCZ): Bayfield Co., Bayfield, August (USNM); Sauk Co., September (USNM); Vernon Co., Coon Valley, September (USNM).

Mexico: Chiapas: Bochil, 4 mi. N, May (CNC); Comitan, 15.6 mi. W, on Rte. 190, August–September (UASM); Las Cruces, 16.3 mi. SW, August (UASM, USNM); Ocasingo, 13.9 mi. S, June (UASM); Ocasingo, 40.7 mi. S, June (UASM); Palenque, 7.1 mi. SW, May (USAM, USNM); Pueblo Nuevo Sol, 3.9 mi. S, 5400′ August (MCZ, USNM); San Cristobal de las Casas, 7 mi. E., on Rte. 190 July (RTBE); Teopisca, 7 mi. SW, on Hwy. 24, May (CNC). Colima: SE slope of Mt. Colima, December (CAS). Hidalgo: Tlanchinol, 2.5 mi. N, 5200′, July (MCZ, USNM); Mexico: Temescaltepec, 7.0 mi. SW, 6000′, September (MCZ, USNM); Neuevo Leon: Santa Rosa Canyon, Linares, 14.8 mi. W, on Rte. 60, July (USAM). Oaxaca: El Camaron, 8.4 mi. E, on Rte. 190, July, August (UASM, USNM); Loma Benita, March (USNM). Veracruz: El Bastanal, near Coyame in San Andres Mts., September (UASM, USNM).

Caribbean: Cuba: Pinar del Rio: Viñales, February (USNM).

Central America: Belize: Toledo Dist:, September (MCZ). Guatemala: Izabal Dept: Los Amates (MCZ); Zaapa Dept: Jabali, south slope of Sierra de las Minas, north of Cabãnas, July (FMNH).

18c. Tachyta nana kirbyi Casey

Map: Figure 135.

Specimens examined: 163.

Canada: Alberta: Bilby, April (CAS), Edmonton, May (MCZ); near Flatbush, May (USAM); George Lake, May (USNM); McMurray, July (CNC); North Sasta River, Junction R. 39, May, June (UASM); Lake Wabamun, near Seba Beach, October (UASM). British Columbia: Allar Lake (CNC); Armstrong, April (MCZ); Aspen Grove, May (MCZ); Carnal Flats, August (MCZ); Enderby, April (MCZ); Fife, 5 mi. E, June (CNC); Foulder, June (CNC); Kaslo Creek, June (USNM); Kootenay River, 17 mi. N Kimberley, August (UASM); Oliver, May (CNC); Oliver, 25 mi. NW, June (CNC); Orofino Mt., near Oliver, June (CNC); Quesnel, August (CNC, ALAR); Squamish, August (CNC); Terrace, September (MCZ); Vancouver Island (MCZ); Vancouver, Stanley Park, May (CNC). Ontario: Algonquin Park, August (USNM); Brimlcy, September (MCZ); Ottawa, October (CNC); Timagami, August (USNM). Quebec: “Gaspé Co.,” July (CNC); Lauzon, June (U Mon); Montreal, May, June (U Mon); Nominigue, July, August (U Mon); Parc du Mont Tremblant, June (U Mon); Pt.-aux-Saumons, June (ALAR); Rigaud, May, August (U Mon); “Riv. Pierre Potn.,” June (CCHA); Saint-Beatrix, August (U Mon); Temiscaming, May (ALAR).

United States: Colorado: La Plata Co., Durango, July (MCZ). Idaho: Latah Co., Moscow, June (USNM). Maine: Kennebec Co., Monmouth, June (MCZ); Winthrop, September (MCZ); Oxford Co., Bethel, July (MCZ). Massachusetts: “Nor. Co.,” (MCZ); Montana: (USNM); Missoula Co., Missoula (USNM). New Hampshire: Grafton Co., Rumney, June, July, August (MCZ); County unknown. Glen House, June, August (MCZ). New Mexico: Otero Co., Cloudcroft (USNM). New York: Genesee Co., “No. Elba,” October (MCZ); North Dakota: Bottineau Co., Bottineau, May (RDGO). Oregon: Washington Co., Dilley (USNM); County unknown. Republic, September (USNM). South Dakota: Pennington Co., Sheridan Lake, June (KWCO). Vermont: Washington Co., Berlin (USNM). Washington: (UASM); San Juan Co., Oreas Isl., June (MCZ, USNM); Thurston Co., Olympia, March, June (MCZ, USNM). Wisconsin: Bayfield Co., Bayfield, July (MCZ); County unknown, Bachwng Bay, Lake Superior (USNM).

Peoples Republic of China: Liaoning: Fuxian, Shaowa, January (MCZ).

19. Tachyta parvicornis Notman

Map: Figure 156.

Specimens examined: 238.

United States: Alabama: Mobile Co., Mobile, June (MCZ); Montgomery Co., Montgomery, February (USNM). Arizona: (USNM); Cochise Co., Portal, 5 mi. W, June-July (USNM); Coconino Co., Flagstaff (USNM); Mormon Lake, June (CAS); Williams, May, June (MCZ, USNM); Graham Co., Graham Mts., September (CAS); Greenlee Co., Hannagan Meadows, 16.1 mi. S, US 666, September (UASM, USNM); Maricopa Co., Phoenix (MCZ); Yavapai Co., Prescott, June, July (MCZ); Walnut, July (USNM); County unknown, Bright Angel Camp, July (USNM). Arkansas: Miller Co., Fouke, March (USNM). Colorado: Archuleta Co., Pagosa Springs, August (MCZ); El Paso Co., Colorado Springs, June (MCZ). District of Columbia: September (USNM). Florida: Alachua Co., January (CNC); Charlotte Co., “Ch. Hbr.” Charlotte Harbor (MCZ); Dade Co., Key Largo (USNM); Flagler Co., March (USNM); Gadsden Co., Chattahoochee, April (CNC); Hernando Co., Croom, June (MCZ); Levy Co., Waccasass River, Gulf Hammock, March (USNM); Orange Co., Winter Park (MCZ); Sarasota Co., Sarasota, February (MCZ); Volusia Co., Enterprise, December (USNM); County unknown, Fort Barrancas, March (USNM). Georgia: Decatur Co., Spring Creek, June (USNM); Glynn Co., Saint Simons Isl., July (MCZ); Tift Co., Tifton (MCZ). Indiana: County unknown, Mineral Springs, January, February (USNM). Louisiana: DeSoto Parish, Logansport, March, June, August (USNM); Orleans Parish, New Orleans (USNM). Maryland: Prince Georges Co., Patuxent Refuge, Bowie, January (USNM). Massachusetts: Bristol Co., Dartmouth, June (MCZ); Westport, June (USNM); Middlesex Co., Cambridge (USNM); Framingham, May (MCZ); Plymouth Co., June (USNM); Hanson, August (MCZ); Suffolk Co., Dorchester, April, October (MCZ); Worcester Co., Berlin, July (MCZ). New Jersey: Burlington Co., Riverton, April, May (USNM); Gloucester Co., Grenlock, July (USNM); Malaga, September (USNM); Monmouth Co., Asbury Park, September (MCZ); Passaic Co., Newfoundland, June (USNM). New Mexico: (MCZ); Colfax Co., Mts. near Raton, September (USNM); Grant Co., Silver City, 16.4 mi. N, Trout Creek, June (USNM); San Miguel Co., Las Vegas, March (USNM); Taos Co., San Juan Valley, August (MCZ). New York: Nassau Co., Long Island, Massapeque, April (USNM); Suffolk Co., Long Island, Wyandanch, April (USNM). North Carolina: (USNM); Buncombe Co., “Biltmore,” August (USNM); Moore Co., Southern Pines, March (USNM); Pasquotank Co., Elizabeth City, 2.5 mi. SE, December (USNM); Wake Co., Raleigh, February, March, November (CNC). South Carolina: Beaufort Co., Fort Fremont, April (USNM); Colleton Co., Confederate Estates, December (USNM); Florence Co., Florence, February (USNM); Kershaw Co., Camden, June (MCZ); Oconee Co., Clemson, March (CNC). South Dakota: County unknown, Black Hills, June, September (CMNH, USNM). Texas: (MCZ); Bastrop Co., Bastrop State Park, April (CNC); Bexar Co., San Antonio, December (MCZ); Red River Co., Jct. Hwy. 37 and Red River (USNM). Virginia: Arlington, Four Mile Run, April (USNM); Fairfax Co., Falls Church, April (USNM); Nelson Co. (USNM); Norfolk Co., Norfolk, Ocean View, September (USNM); Warren Co., Linden, 5 mi. N, July (USNM). West Virginia: Greenbrier Co., White Sulphur Springs, July (USNM). Wisconsin: (USNM).