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Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don

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Cultivated for medicine.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 16: 155 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Description

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A tall tree. Leaves whorled, oblanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 7-30 x 4-10 cm, subcoriaceous, shinning above, paler beneath, with 15-20 pairs of lateral nerves, base attenuate; petiole c. 1 cm. Inflorescence a terminal many flowered corymbose cymes, pubescent. Flowers small, white. Calyx campanulate, lobes 5, ovate acute, pubescent, c. 0.5 mm long. Corolla cylindrical, glabrous outside, 5 mm long, mouth contracted, lobes rounded, pubescent, c. 3 mm long. Follicles numerous, slender pendulous, upto 45 cm long and upto only 5 mm broad.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 7 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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eFloras.org
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Description

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Trees to 20 m tall. Bark smooth; branches nearly 4-angled. Leaves in whorls of 3 or 4; petiole 1-4 cm; leaf blade narrowly obovate or narrowly elliptic, 10-53 X 4-19 cm, leathery, pubescent abaxially, apex usually acuminate; lateral veins 16-33 pairs, at 60-70° to midvein. Cymes terminal, 3-branched, 5-9 together, pubescent; peduncle 4-6 cm. Pedicel 4-5 mm. Corolla tube slightly longer than lobes, 4.5-6 mm; lobes overlapping to right, ciliate; disc absent. Ovaries distinct, glabrous. Follicles linear, to 61 cm X 2-5 mm. Seeds pubescent, ends with deltoid wings, with long stiff hairs all around. Fl. Oct-Nov. 2n = 22.
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 16: 155 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Distribution

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Distribution: A native of Malaya. Cultivated occasionally in the gardens. It is recorded here for the first time in Pakistan.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 7 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Flower/Fruit

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Fl. Per. May-September.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 7 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
project
eFloras.org
original
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eFloras

Habitat & Distribution

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S Guangdong, S Yunnan [Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam].
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cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 16: 155 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
project
eFloras.org
original
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eFloras

Derivation of specific name

provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
macrophyllum: big-leaved
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Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
bibliographic citation
Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Alstonia macrophylla Wall. ex G. Don Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/cult/species.php?species_id=162580
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Flora of Zimbabwe

Alstonia macrophylla

provided by wikipedia EN

Alstonia macrophylla, the hard alstonia, hard milkwood or big-leaved macrophyllum,[3] is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae.

Distribution

It is native to Indonesia (Kalimantan and Sulawesi), Malaysia, the Philippines (Tagalog: batino[4]), Thailand, and Vietnam. It was introduced to Sri Lanka, where it is known as hawari nuga by local Sinhalese people.

Description

Alstonia macrophylla is a tree with a straight trunk and a high, narrow crown. It can grow up to 30 meters tall. The trunk and branches contain a white latex. The bark is smooth and has a light grey color. Leaves are in whorls of three to four, simple, penni-veined, membranous, and glabrous above. Leaf-blades are 10 to 50 centimeters long, 5 to 15 cm wide, widest in or above the middle, and cuneate at the base. Flowers are about 7 mm in diameter, white, with narrow corolla tube, placed terminal on twigs. Fruits are about 30 centimeters long, green and filled with many small hairy seeds that are dispersed far and wide by the wind. The heartwood is yellowish, with a straight and shallowly interlocked grain with a moderately fine to rather coarse texture.[5]

Natural habitat

Grows in a wide range of habits. Undisturbed and disturbed areas from sea-level up to 2900 meters altitude. Grows near the coast behind mangrove forests and in mixed dipterocarp forests. Usually grows on ridges and hillsides with sandy to clayey soils. It also grows in ultrabasic and limestone soils.[5]

Uses

The timber is of superior quality to that of Alstonia scholaris and less liable to attack by boring insects. It is used for making roof beams, frames, poles and toys. Being a quick growing tree that grows in a wide range of habitats and soils, it has been used for reforestation in Sri Lanka.[6]

Invasive species

In Sri Lanka, where it is called "havari nuga", it has been used for reforestation due to its fast growth rate and is now a widely spread invasive species in the wet zone. It mostly grows as a pioneer tree in disturbed forest areas.[7]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Alstonia macrophylla.
  1. ^ Sidiyasa, K. (1998). "Alstonia macrophylla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T33194A9760084. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T33194A9760084.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  2. ^ ”Alstonia_macrophylla” at Asianplant.net at http://www.asianplant.net/Apocynaceae/Alstonia_macrophylla.htm
  3. ^ Alstonia macrophylla at Globin-Med at http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=99642:alstonia-macrophylla-wallich-ex-g-don&catid=8&Itemid=113 and http://eol.org/pages/596590/overview
  4. ^ "Batino / Alstonia macrophylla / DEVIL TREE / HARD ALSTONIA: Philippine Medicinal Herbs / Philippine Alternative Medicine". www.stuartxchange.org. Retrieved 2017-03-10.
  5. ^ a b ”Alstonia macrophylla” in ”Flora of Sri Lanka” at http://www.botanicgardens.gov.lk/herbarium/index.php?option=com_sobi2&catid=1819&Itemid=90 Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine. ”Alstonia macrophylla” at Globin-Med at http://www.globinmed.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=99642:alstonia-macrophylla-wallich-ex-g-don&catid=8&Itemid=113 and ”Alstonia_macrophylla” at Asianplant.net at http://www.asianplant.net/Apocynaceae/Alstonia_macrophylla.htm
  6. ^ ”Alstonia macrophylla” in ”Flora of Sri Lanka” at http://www.botanicgardens.gov.lk/herbarium/index.php?option=com_sobi2&catid=1819&Itemid=90 Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine and M.M.T.N. Gunaratne ”Value Addition to Alstonia Plantations” at http://www.sci.sjp.ac.lk/lms/wordpress/?p=423 Archived 2013-01-20 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 20.2.2013.
  7. ^ Lalith Gunasekera, Invasive Plants: A guide to the identification of the most invasive plants of Sri Lanka, Colombo 2009. ”Alstonia macrophylla” in ”Flora of Sri Lanka” at http://www.botanicgardens.gov.lk/herbarium/index.php?option=com_sobi2&catid=1819&Itemid=90 Archived 2014-11-29 at the Wayback Machine
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wikipedia EN

Alstonia macrophylla: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Alstonia macrophylla, the hard alstonia, hard milkwood or big-leaved macrophyllum, is a species of plant in the family Apocynaceae.

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cc-by-sa-3.0
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Wikipedia authors and editors
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wikipedia EN
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