Comments
provided by eFloras
Allied to Gmelina asiatica but differs in having erect inflorescences and larger leaves.
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Comments
provided by eFloras
A rare plant in our area. Roots, bark and seeds sometimes used medicinally; timber is used for ornamental works. It is also cultivated as a decorative tree in gardens and Avenues.
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
provided by eFloras
Trees ca. 15 m tall; bark grayish brown; branchlets, petioles, and inflorescences densely yellow-brown tomentose. Branchlets slightly 4-angled when young, becoming terete, lenticellate, leaf scars prominent. Petiole terete, 3.5-10 cm; leaf blade broadly ovate, 8-19 X 4.5-15 cm, thickly papery, base broadly cuneate to subcordate, apex acuminate; veins 3-5 pairs, abaxially prominent. Inflorescences terminal, narrow thyrses; peduncle 15-30 cm. Calyx 3-5 mm, with several black discoid gland patches; teeth 5, sharply triangular. Corolla yellow, 3-4 cm, 2-lipped, sparsely glandular; lower lip 3-lobed, outside yellowish brown puberulent, inside glabrous; upper lip entire or slightly 2-cleft. Ovary glabrous, glandular. Stigma unequally 2-cleft. Drupes yellow when ripe and black when dry, ellipsoid to obovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-2 cm. Fl. Apr-May, fr. May-Jul.
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Description
provided by eFloras
Unarmed tree, up to 20 m tall, with yellowish-tomentose young shoots. Leaves broadly ovate, long acuminate, 10-20 cm long, 7-13 cm broad, entire, glabrous above, hairy on the nerves beneath; petiole 5-12 cm long, glabrous, glandular near the lamina. Cymes terminal, paniculately arranged in the axlis of linear-lanceolate bracts. Flowers large, brownish-yellow. Corolla-tube densely pubescent outside, obliquely funnel-shaped. Drupe obovoid, 2-2.5 cm long, orange-yellow, glabrous.
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
provided by eFloras
Himalaya (Nepal to Bhutan), India, Ceylon, Philippines.
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
provided by eFloras
S Yunnan [Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam]
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
provided by eFloras
Distribution: S.E. Asia, India, Nepal, Bangla Desh, Srilanka, Pakistan and trop. Africa.
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Elevation Range
provided by eFloras
200-1100 m
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Flower/Fruit
provided by eFloras
Fl. Per.: January-April.
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat
provided by eFloras
Open forests along roadsides and near farm houses; below 1500 m.
- license
- cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Gmelina arborea
provided by wikipedia EN
Gmelina arborea, (in English beechwood, gmelina, goomar teak, Kashmir tree, Malay beechwood, white teak, yamane[3] ), locally known as gamhar, is a fast-growing deciduous tree in the family Lamiaceae.[4]
Distribution and habitat
Gmelina arborea grows naturally throughout India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam and in southern provinces of China. It is found at altitudes from sea level to 1,500 metres (5,000 ft).[1] Since the 1960s, it has been introduced extensively as fast-growing timber trees in Brazil, Gambia, Honduras, Ivory Coast, Malaysia, Malawi, Nigeria, the Philippines, and Sierra Leone. It is also planted in gardens and avenues.[5][6]
Utilization of the species
The Lion Throne, the most important, and last surviving, of the eight royal thrones of Myanmar, now in the National Museum in Yangon, is carved from Gmelina arborea wood.[7][8]
Chemistry
Lignans, such as 6" - bromo - isoarboreol, 4-hydroxysesamin, 4,8-dihydroxysesamin, 1,4-dihydroxysesamin (gummadiol), 2-piperonyl-3-hydroxymethyl-4-(α-hydroxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran and the 4-O-glucoside of 4-epigummadiol, can be isolated from the heartwood of Gmelina arborea.[9] The parent compounds are arboreol or gmelanone.[10]
Umbelliferone 7-apiosylglucoside can be isolated from the root.[11]
Five constituents, isolated from the heartwood of G. arborea, (+)-7′-O-ethyl arboreol, (+)-paulownin, (+)-gmelinol, (+)-epieudesmin and (−)-β-sitosterol, show antifungal activity against Trametes versicolor.[12]
References
-
^ a b de Kok, R. (2019). "Gmelina arborea". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T32354A67741197. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-2.RLTS.T32354A67741197.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
-
^ "Gmelina arborea Roxb". The Plant List. Retrieved 6 March 2020.
-
^ "A tree species reference and selection guide". Archived from the original on 2011-09-30. Retrieved 2009-06-28.
-
^ "Gmelina arborea Gmelina, Snapdragon, White Teak PFAF Plant Database". pfaf.org. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
-
^ Lauridesen, E.B.; Kjaer, E.D. (2002). "Provenance research in Gmelina arborea Linn., Roxb. A summary of results from three decades of research and a discussion of how to use them". The International Forestry Review. 4 (1): 20–29. JSTOR 43740942.
-
^ Duke, James A. (1983). Handbook of Energy Crops. Center for New Crops & Plants Products, Purdue University.
-
^ "The Thrones of Myanmar Kings : Enchanting Myanmar (Burma) - A Guide to Tourism Destinations and Beyond". Archived from the original on 2017-04-03. Retrieved 2017-07-23.
-
^ Gangadharan V. (2012 Mar 26) Materials behind the method The New Indian Express, page 2
-
^ Novel hydroxy lignans from the heartwood of gmelina arborea. A.S.R. Anjaneyulu, A.Madhusudhana rao, V.Kameswara Rao and L.Ramachandra Row, Tetrahedron, 1977, Volume 33, Issue 1, Pages 133–143, doi:10.1016/0040-4020(77)80444-4
-
^ The structures of lignans from Gmelina arborea Linn. A.S.R. Anjaneyulu, K.Jaganmohan Rao, V.Kameswara Rao, L.Ramachandra Row, C. Subrahmanyam, A. Pelter, R.S. Ward, Tetrahedron, 1975, Volume 31, Issue 10, Pages 1277–1285, doi:10.1016/0040-4020(75)80169-4
-
^ An apiose-containing coumarin glycoside from gmelina arborea root. P. Satyanarayana, P. Subrahmanyam, R. Kasai and O. Tanaka, Phytochemistry, 1985, Volume 24, Issue 8, Pages 1862–1863, doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)82575-3
-
^ Antifungal activity of constituents from the heartwood of Gmelina arborea: Part 1. Sensitive antifungal assay against Basidiomycetes. F. Kawamura, S. Ohara and A. Nishida, Holzforschung, June 2005, Volume 58, Issue 2, Pages 189–192, doi:10.1515/HF.2004.028
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
Gmelina arborea: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Gmelina arborea, (in English beechwood, gmelina, goomar teak, Kashmir tree, Malay beechwood, white teak, yamane ), locally known as gamhar, is a fast-growing deciduous tree in the family Lamiaceae.
- license
- cc-by-sa-3.0
- copyright
- Wikipedia authors and editors
_(3246579032).jpg)
