Buttonwood (Conocarpus erectus) is a widespread species of terrestrial mangrove along tropical and subtropical coasts of the Americas and West Africa. It grows as a shrub or small tree on on the coastal mainland and on islands of a variety of sizes, down to the smallest vegetated islands (it is sometimes the only species of terrestrial vascular plant on an island). There are both "silver" and "green" morphs (with some intermediates), having highly pubescent (downy) and nearly glabrous (smooth) leaves, respectively. (Schoener 1988; Nettel 2008)
The geographic range of Buttonwood includes the shores of central and southern Florida, including the Florida Keys; Bermuda; most of the West Indies; both coasts of continental tropical America from Mexico south through Central America and northern South America to Ecuador and the Galapagos Islands and Brazil; and tropical West Africa. (Little and Wadsworth 1964; Nettel et al. 2008)
Semple (1970) gives the distribution as "along the coasts of west tropical Africa, the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of tropical and subtropical North and South America and throughout the West Indies". Semple notes that pubescent-leaved individuals (as well as the typical glabrous, or smooth-leaved ones) are restricted to the northern West Indies, southern Florida, and northern Central America.
Buttonwood has been introduced to Hawaii at least twice and the silver-leaved variety sericeus is still commonly planted as an ornamental. The green-leaved variety was introduced to Oahu before 1910, possibly from Florida, and the variety sericeus was introduced to Oahu from the Bahamas in 1946. Both forms of Buttonwood have escaped cultivation and established small wild populations on some islands. In contrast to Red Mangrove, which was introduced to Hawaii and is now very common and widespread there, Buttonwood has not shown much tendency to spread beyong the initial introduction sites. In Hawaii it is cultivated and sparingly naturalized in coastal areas of Kauai, Oahu, Lanai, and Molokai. (Allen 1998 and references therein)
A study of patterns of herbivore damage to Buttonwood leaves on 74 small islands in the central Bahamas found that leaves on islands inhabited by lizards were less damaged than leaves on lizard-free islands and that pubescent (silver) leaves showed less damage than others (Schoener 1988). Furthermore, the silver pubescent form was relatively more common (as measured by percent cover) on lizard-free islands than on islands with lizards (Schoener 1987). There is evidence that at least some insect herbivores prefer green (smooth) leaves to silver (pubescent) ones (Agrawal and Spiller 2004) and much evidence from herbivory studies on other plants that leaf "hairiness" can effectively deter herbivory. Experimental introductions of lizards have reduced leaf damage (Schoener and Spiller 1999). These findings suggest that the presence of insect-eating lizards may reduce damage to Buttonwood leaves caused by insect herbivores, and that in the absence of lizards pubescent-leaved Buttonwoods may be favored over smooth-leaved ones by natural selection as a result of their greater resistance to herbivory. The full story, however, is likely more complex than this. For example, Agrawal and Spiller (2004) note that the silver and green leaves differ in ways other than hairiness (for example, in nitrogen content and leaf toughness). They also report that silver morphs are more common on protected islands, while green morphs are more common on exposed islands, suggesting that the green morph may be favored in the disturbed environment on exposed islands. Thus, some environmental conditions may favor the green form, while other conditions favor the silver form, which could explain the persistence of this polymorphism, but more experimental work is needed to clarify these interactions. Spiller and Schoener (2007) found that after hurricanes, herbivory increased dramatically, as did the disparity between herbivory levels on islands with and without lizards. The authors attributed the increase in herbivory to a reduction in numbers of both lizards and predatory arthropods.
Nettel et al. (2008) have developed microsatellite markers for Buttonwood.
Buttonwood is found in mangrove swamp forests on silty shores near salt and brackish water, usually growing on the landward side. It may also occur on rocky and sandy shores (as an ornamental, it grows in much broader conditions). (Little and Wadsworth 1964)
Buttonwood is often shrubby in form (although it can grow to 6 meters or more in height) and usually grows on the landward side of tidal mangrove swamp forests. In Florida and the Caribbean, it is the only mangrove species with alternately arranged leaves. The lance-shaped or elliptic yellow-green leaves are long-pointed at both ends, leathery and slightly fleshy, 3 to 8 cm long and 1 to 3 cm wide. Leaves have slightly winged petioles, 0.5 to 1 cm long, with 2 dot-like glands. Leaf blade edges are untoothed and usually have several dot-like glands near vein angles on the lower surface. The fragrant greenish flowers are tiny, less than 2 mm across, and crowded in balls less than 6 mm in diameter in terminal and lateral clusters. Flowers are mostly bisexual, but some trees bear heads of male flowers. Purplish-brown rounded cone-like fruits are 1 cm in diameter and are composed of many scale-like 1-seeded fruits about 3 mm long. (Little and Wadsworth 1964)
In a study of Buttonwood in Mexico, flowering and fruiting were found to be continuous, but seed viability was less than 12%. During the dry season, fewer than 5% of seeds germinated and only 1.6% of seedlings survived to flower after 25 to 28 months (Hernandez and Espino 1999).
In the northern portion of its range, silvery pubescent-leaved Buttonwood may occur along with the usual green smooth-leaved ones. These have historically been viewed as a distinct species, but today are treated either as a variety (Conocarpus erectus var. sericeus) or as examples of natural variation that do not warrant any distinct taxonomic status (Semple 1970).
Conocarpus erectus (lat. Conocarpus erectus) - kombretkimilər fəsiləsinin konokarpus cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Conocarpus erectus (lat. Conocarpus erectus) - kombretkimilər fəsiləsinin konokarpus cinsinə aid bitki növü.
Conocarpus erectus, és una de les dues espècies dins el gènere Conocarpus, i és un arbust o arbre dels manglars. Creix al litoral de les zones subtropicals i tropicals del món i presenta una distribució pantropical, incloent Florida, Bermuda, Bahames, el Carib, Amèrica Central i Amèrica del Sud des de Mèxic a Brasil,Àfrica occidental, Melanèsia i Polinèsia. Va ser introduïda a Kuwait perquè pot suportar les altes temperatures i absorb aigües salobres.
C. erectus normalment adopta la forma d'arbust amb molts troncs d'1 a 4 m d'alt, però pot arribar a ser un arbre de 20 m d'alt.[2] Les fulles es disposen alternadament i són simples i oblongues de 2 a 7 cm de llargadai d'1 a 3 cm d'amplada. Són brillants i al revers tenen glàndules per excretar la sal .[3] Els fruits tenen la forma d'un botó de 5 a 8 mm de diàmetre. Floreix en panícules de 35-56 flors. El fruit sembla una pinya de conífera (d'on prové el nom científic del gènere Conocarpus que significa fruit rn forma de conus). Les llavors es dispersen per l'aigua.
Generalment creix en les aigües salobres en llacs i badies però ho pot fer a l'interior de la terra i a Costa Rica, arriba a viure a 745 m d'altitud.[3]
Hi ha dues varietats no acceptades per part de tots els botànics:
Es fa servir com una planta ornamental i com bonsai. El Conocarpus és naturalment un farratge per al búfal africà i es creu que aquesta alimentació és la raó de la seva orina àcida.
És un bon combustible que crema fort però lentament i proporciona també un bon carbó vegetal. Els tanins de la seva escorça s'havien collit i comercialitzat.
Conocarpus erectus, és una de les dues espècies dins el gènere Conocarpus, i és un arbust o arbre dels manglars. Creix al litoral de les zones subtropicals i tropicals del món i presenta una distribució pantropical, incloent Florida, Bermuda, Bahames, el Carib, Amèrica Central i Amèrica del Sud des de Mèxic a Brasil,Àfrica occidental, Melanèsia i Polinèsia. Va ser introduïda a Kuwait perquè pot suportar les altes temperatures i absorb aigües salobres.
Die Knopfmangrove (Conocarpus erectus) ist ein salztolerantes Flügelsamengewächs der tropischen Küstengebiete Westafrikas vom Senegal bis Angola, Süd- und Mittelfloridas, der Karibikinseln, sowie der Küste Mittel- und Südamerikas. Im Pazifik liegt das südlichste Vorkommen bei Ecuador und den Galapagosinseln, im Atlantik an der Küste Brasiliens. Die Art kommt eher in Randgebieten von Mangrovenwäldern vor und wächst auch außerhalb der Gezeitenzone. Salzhaltige Böden und salzhaltige Gischt werden allerdings vertragen.
Conocarpus erectus ist ein halbimmergrüner und oft mehrstämmiger, bis zu 7–8 Meter hoher Baum mit teils breiter Krone oder ein Strauch mit rissiger, brauner und rauer Borke. Die Knopfmangrove bildet keine Atemwurzeln.
Die einfachen, kurz gestielten, mehr oder weniger filzig behaarten bis fast kahlen Laubblätter sind lanzettlich, elliptisch bis verkehrt-eiförmig und haben einen gerundeten oder spitz zulaufenden Apex; sie sind spiralig angeordnet. Der Blattstiel, mit zwei Drüsen, ist bis 1,5 Zentimeter lang und die ganzrandigen, 1,5–3 Zentimeter breiten Blätter 3,5–8 Zentimeter.
Conocarpus erectus ist funktional zweihäusig diözisch. Der achsel- oder endständige und traubige Blütenstand ist wenig verzweigt. Die funktionell eingeschlechtlichen, sehr kleinen Blüten, mit jeweils einem behaarten, kleinen Deckblatt, mit einfacher Blütenhülle sitzen dichtgedrängt in sehr kleinen zapfen-, köpfchenartigen Strukturen. Das becherförmig verwachsene Perianth aus fünf Kelchblättern ist fünfzipflig, die Kronblätter fehlen. Der bei den männlichen Blüten verkümmerte Fruchtknoten ist unterständig. Die männlichen Blüten besitzen 5–10 vorstehende Staubblättern und die weiblichen 5 Staminodien. Es ist ein gelappter, behaarter Diskus vorhanden.
Die vielen flachen, einzelnen und kurz geflügelten, schuppenförmigen Früchte sind Nüsschen, die beim Zerfallen des kleinen, rot-braunen Fruchtverbandes, Köpfchens freigesetzt werden. Die Früchte sind schwimmfähig.
Die Knopfmangrove gehört zu Gattung Conocarpus in der Familie der Flügelsamengewächse (Combretaceae). Außer Conocarpus erectus gehört nur noch eine weitere Art, Conocarpus lancifolius zu der Gattung. Conocarpus lancifolius kommt nur in einigen Flusstälern im nördlichen Somalia vor.
Die Knopfmangrove (Conocarpus erectus) ist ein salztolerantes Flügelsamengewächs der tropischen Küstengebiete Westafrikas vom Senegal bis Angola, Süd- und Mittelfloridas, der Karibikinseln, sowie der Küste Mittel- und Südamerikas. Im Pazifik liegt das südlichste Vorkommen bei Ecuador und den Galapagosinseln, im Atlantik an der Küste Brasiliens. Die Art kommt eher in Randgebieten von Mangrovenwäldern vor und wächst auch außerhalb der Gezeitenzone. Salzhaltige Böden und salzhaltige Gischt werden allerdings vertragen.
Mango lanmè se yon plant. Li nan fanmi plant kategori: Combretaceæ . Non syantifik li se Conocarpus erectus L.
Istwa
Mango lanmè se yon plant. Li nan fanmi plant kategori: Combretaceæ . Non syantifik li se Conocarpus erectus L.
Conocarpus erectus, commonly called buttonwood or button mangrove,[3] is a species of mangrove shrub in the family Combretaceae. It grows on shorelines in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
Locations it is known from include Florida, Bermuda, the Bahamas, the Caribbean, Central and South America from Mexico to Brazil on the Atlantic Coast and Mexico to Ecuador on the Pacific Coast, western Africa and in Melanesia and Polynesia. It was introduced in Kuwait because it can thrive in high temperatures and absorbs brackish water.
Conocarpus erectus is usually a dense multiple-trunked shrub, 1–4 m (3.3–13.1 ft) tall, but can grow into a tree up to 20 m (66 ft) or more tall, with a trunk up to 1 m (3.3 ft) in diameter. The United States National Champion green buttonwood is 35 ft (11 m) tall, has a spread of 70 ft (21 m), and a circumference of 207 in (530 cm).[4] The bark is thick and has broad plates of thin scales which are gray to brown. The twigs are brittle, and angled or narrowly winged in cross-section. The leaves are alternately arranged, simple and oblong, 2–7 cm (0.79–2.76 in) long (rarely to 10 cm or 3.9 in long) and 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) broad, with a tapering tip and an entire margin. They are dark green and shiny on top, and paler with fine silky hairs underneath, and have two salt glands at the base of each leaf.[5] The fruits are button-like (from which the common names derive), 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) diameter, with no petals; they are produced in stalked panicles of 35-56 flowers. The fruit is a cluster of red to brown, small scaly, two-winged cone-like seeds, 5–15 mm (0.20–0.59 in) long. The seed heads burst when ripe, and the seeds are dispersed by water.
It is generally found growing in brackish water in tidal lagoons and bays, but can grow in inland habitats, with records at up to 745 m (2,444 ft) altitude in Costa Rica.[5]
These two varieties are not accepted as distinct by all authorities:
The tree is used as an ornamental plant and in bonsai. The variety sericeus, with silvery leaves, is especially prized for landscaping. It is an important host plant for epiphytes. As a result of ornamental planting, it has become naturalized in Hawaii. It has been used extensively in landscaping in Kuwait and became the most abundant tree/shrub. Conocarpus is widely believed to be fodder for the African buffalo, and it is understood that this is the source of their acidic urine.
The wood is sometimes used in cabinets; it is difficult to work but takes a smooth finish. It is also used as firewood, and is reported to be good for smoking meat and fish, as it burns very hot and slowly; it also makes high quality charcoal. The bark is high in tannin, for which it has been harvested commercially.
Silver buttonwood
Detail - leaves and fruit
Silver buttonwood and palm
Silver buttonwood and coconut palms
Conocarpus erectus, commonly called buttonwood or button mangrove, is a species of mangrove shrub in the family Combretaceae. It grows on shorelines in tropical and subtropical regions around the world.
El mangle botoncillo o mangle Zaragoza (Conocarpus erectus) es un árbol de la familia Combretaceae que crece en las costas, en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales de todo el mundo, incluyendo Florida, las Bermudas, las Bahamas, el Caribe, Centroamérica y desde el sur de México hasta Brasil en la costa atlántica y de México a Ecuador en la costa del Pacífico, así como en África occidental, Melanesia y Polinesia. Es una de las dos especies de mangles pertenecientes al género Conocarpus.
Es por lo general una forma densa de arbusto multi-troncal de entre 1 y 4 m de altura, pero puede crecer hasta convertirse en un árbol de hasta 20 m de altura o más, con un tronco de hasta 1 m de diámetro. La corteza es gruesa y tiene amplias placas delgadas, en una escala de color de gris a castaño. Las ramas son frágiles. Las hojas son alternas, simples y oblongas, de 2 a 7 cm de longitud (raramente de 10 cm de largo) y de 1 a 3 cm de ancho, con una disminución en la punta; son de color verde oscuro y brillante en el haz, y de tono pálido, con pelos finos y sedosos por el envés; la base de cada hoja tiene dos glándulas de sal.
Las flores son de 5 a 8 mm de diámetro, sin pétalos, y se producen en pequeñas panículas. Las cabezas de semilla se rompen en la fase de madurez, y las semillas son dispersadas por el agua.
Conocarpus erectus fue descrito por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 1: 176. 1753.[1]
El mangle botoncillo o mangle Zaragoza (Conocarpus erectus) es un árbol de la familia Combretaceae que crece en las costas, en las regiones tropicales y subtropicales de todo el mundo, incluyendo Florida, las Bermudas, las Bahamas, el Caribe, Centroamérica y desde el sur de México hasta Brasil en la costa atlántica y de México a Ecuador en la costa del Pacífico, así como en África occidental, Melanesia y Polinesia. Es una de las dos especies de mangles pertenecientes al género Conocarpus.
Conocarpus erectus on Combretaceae-heimoon kuuluva puumainen kasvilaji. Sitä esiintyy laajalla alueella meren rannikoilla trooppisessa Amerikassa ja Länsi-Afrikassa. Amerikassa levinneisyysalueeseen kuuluvat Florida Yhdysvalloissa, Bahamasaaret, isojen ja pienten Antillien saaret, Meksiko ja Väli-Amerikan maat, Venezuela, Kolumbia, Guyana, Suriname, Ecuador, Peru, Brasilia.
Conocarpus erectus on mangrovekasvi ja kasvutavaltaan pensas tai puu, joka on puolestatoista kymmeneen metriä korkea. Se kasvaa tavallisesti trooppisten ja subtrooppisten rannikoiden suojaisilla vuorovesialueilla riittävän vähäsuolaisilla paikoilla. Laji on luokiteltu maailmanlaajuisesti elinvoimaiseksi (LC) mutta vähenee.
Conocarpus erectus on Combretaceae-heimoon kuuluva puumainen kasvilaji. Sitä esiintyy laajalla alueella meren rannikoilla trooppisessa Amerikassa ja Länsi-Afrikassa. Amerikassa levinneisyysalueeseen kuuluvat Florida Yhdysvalloissa, Bahamasaaret, isojen ja pienten Antillien saaret, Meksiko ja Väli-Amerikan maat, Venezuela, Kolumbia, Guyana, Suriname, Ecuador, Peru, Brasilia.
Conocarpus erectus on mangrovekasvi ja kasvutavaltaan pensas tai puu, joka on puolestatoista kymmeneen metriä korkea. Se kasvaa tavallisesti trooppisten ja subtrooppisten rannikoiden suojaisilla vuorovesialueilla riittävän vähäsuolaisilla paikoilla. Laji on luokiteltu maailmanlaajuisesti elinvoimaiseksi (LC) mutta vähenee.
Conocarpus erectus, communément appelé mangrove à boutons, est une espèce d'arbre ou arbuste de mangrove de la famille des Combretaceae poussant sur les rives des régions tropicales et subtropicales du monde entier.
On en voit notamment en Floride, aux Bermudes, aux Bahamas, dans les Caraïbes, en Amérique centrale et en Amérique du Sud, du Mexique au Brésil sur la côte atlantique et du Mexique à l'Équateur sur la côte du Pacifique
On le trouve aussi en Afrique occidentale, en Mélanésie et en Polynésie.
Il a été introduit au Koweït car il peut se développer à haute température et absorber les eaux saumâtres.
Conocarpus erectus est généralement un arbuste dense à multiples troncs, mesurant de 1 à 4 m, mais pouvant se développer jusqu'à un arbre de 20 m ou plus, avec un tronc atteignant 1 m de diamètre.
L'écorce est épaisse et présente de larges plaques d'écailles minces qui sont grises à brunes. Les rameaux sont cassants et inclinés ou étroitement ailés en coupe transversale.
Les feuilles sont disposées alternativement, simples et oblongues, longues de 2 à 7 cm (rarement à 10 cm) et larges de 1 à 3 cm à marge entière. Elles sont vert foncé et brillantes sur le dessus et plus pâles avec de fins poils soyeux, et ont deux glandes salées à la base de chaque feuille.
Les fleurs sont en forme de bouton (d'où provient le nom commun), d'un diamètre de 5 à 8 mm, sans pétales (apétales) ; elles sont regroupées en inflorescences appelées panicules. Ces panicules sont composées de 35 à 56 fleurs. Le fruit est un amas de petites graines de couleur rouge à brun, à petites écailles et à deux ailes, de 5 à 15 mm. Les têtes de graines éclatent à maturité et les graines sont dispersées par l'eau (hydrochorie).
On le trouve généralement en milieu saumâtre dans les lagunes, les estuaires et les baies de marée, mais il peut pousser dans des habitats plus intérieurs, avec des records atteignant 745 m d’altitude au Costa Rica.
Il existe deux variétés , non acceptées comme distinctes par toutes les autorités:
L'arbre est utilisé comme plante ornementale et en bonsaï. La variété sericeus, aux feuilles argentées, est particulièrement prisée pour l'aménagement paysager. C'est une plante hôte importante pour les épiphytes. À la suite de plantation ornementale, il a été naturalisé à Hawaii. Il a été largement utilisé dans l'aménagement paysager au Koweït et est devenu l'arbre / arbuste le plus abondant. On pense généralement que le conocarpus sert de fourrage pour le buffle d'Afrique, et il est entendu qu'il s'agit de la source de son urine acide.
Le bois est parfois utilisé dans les armoires; il est difficile de travailler mais prend une finition lisse. Il est également utilisé comme bois de chauffage et serait bon pour fumer la viande et le poisson, car il brûle très chaudement et lentement; il fait aussi du charbon de bois de haute qualité. L' écorce est riche en tanins et est récoltée commercialement.
Des chercheurs africains ont mis en évidence une activité antimicrobienne qui conforte l'utilisation traditionnelle dans les soins des plaies et des coupures. Mais aucune étude scientifique ne confirme ses effets contre les rhumatismes et ses propriétés vomitives.
Conocarpus erectus, communément appelé mangrove à boutons, est une espèce d'arbre ou arbuste de mangrove de la famille des Combretaceae poussant sur les rives des régions tropicales et subtropicales du monde entier.
Conocarpus erectus (L., 1753) è una pianta appartenente alla famiglia delle Combretaceae, diffusa nella fascia tropicale dell'America e dell'Africa occidentale[2].
C. erectus cresce usualmente con portamento da arbusto molto ramificato, eretto o talora prostrato, alto in media 1–4 m, ma talora può assumere portamento arboreo, con altezza sino a 20 m.[3]
L'apparato radicale è formato principalmente da radici laterali sottili e fragili, di colore marrone scuro. La corteccia è grigia o marrone, color crema negli strati più interni. I rami sono sottili, di colore giallo-verde.
Le foglie sono ellittico-lanceolate, disposte a spirale, lunghe 2–10 cm, con margine intero ed apice affusolato, sorrette da un picciolo lungo 3–9 mm. Sono di colore verde scuro brillante sulla pagina superiore, più chiare e con una pelurio setosa su quella inferiore; alla base di ogni foglia sono presenti due ghiandole preposte all'eliminazione dell'eccesso di sale.
I fiori, di colore bianco-verdastro, sono raggruppati in infiorescenze a pannocchia, con disposizione terminale o ascellare.
Il frutto è un grappolo di semi alati, di colore dal rosso al bruno; giunto a maturazione scoppia, liberando i semi nell'acqua.
C. erectus è ampiamente diffuso nei mangrovieti della fascia tropicale del continente americano: dalla Florida e dal Messico, attraverso l'America centrale (Belize, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua Panama) e i Caraibi (Anguilla, Antigua e Barbuda, Bahamas, Cuba, Grenada, Guadalupa, Hispaniola, Giamaica, Martinica, Montserrat, Porto Rico, Grenadine, Trinidad e Tobago), sino alla parte settentrionale del Sud America (Guiana francese, Guyana, Suriname, Venezuela e Brasile), spingendosi sul versante occidentale sino alla Colombia, all'Ecuador e al Perù e alle Galápagos; è inoltre presente sul versante atlantico dell'Africa (Camerun, Zaire, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Guinea e Angola).[1][4]
Predilige le acque salmastre delle lagune di marea, sviluppandosi al di sopra della linea di alta marea, in posizione più interna rispetto ad altre specie quali Laguncularia racemosa e le altre mangrovie[3]; meno comunemente la si può osservare nelle pianure alluvionali dei fiumi, potendosi spingere nell'entroterra sino a oltre 700 m di altitudine[5]. Cresce preferibilmente su suoli sabbiosi o marnosi, talora anche argillosi o limosi, in pieno sole.
Conocarpus erectus (L., 1753) è una pianta appartenente alla famiglia delle Combretaceae, diffusa nella fascia tropicale dell'America e dell'Africa occidentale.
De Fofoti (Conocarpus erectus var. erectus) boom groeit op Aruba[1]. De boom heeft een gedraaide stam en groeit schuin richting de zee. De Fofoti wordt vaak verward met de dividiviboom, het zijn echter niet dezelfde bomen. Een hele bekende Fofoti staat op Eagle Beach en wordt vaak gefotografeerd.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesConocarpus erectus é uma arbusto nativo americano encontrado nas dunas litorâneas, principalmente perto de manguezais.
Ocorre em regiões tropicais, incluindo: EUA (Flórida), Bermudas, Bahamas, Caribe, na costa Atlântica do México até o Brasil, na costa do Pacífico do México até o Equador, na África ocidental, na Melanésia e na Polinésia.
Suas flores e frutos se apresentam em densos aglomerados.
Conocarpus erectus é uma arbusto nativo americano encontrado nas dunas litorâneas, principalmente perto de manguezais.
Ocorre em regiões tropicais, incluindo: EUA (Flórida), Bermudas, Bahamas, Caribe, na costa Atlântica do México até o Brasil, na costa do Pacífico do México até o Equador, na África ocidental, na Melanésia e na Polinésia.
Suas flores e frutos se apresentam em densos aglomerados.
Conocarpus erectus là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Trâm bầu. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.[1]
Bài viết về họ Trâm bầu này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
Conocarpus erectus là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Trâm bầu. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.
Conocarpus erectus L., 1753
Охранный статус
Конока́рпус прямой[2], или Конокарпус прямостоящий[3] (лат. Conocarpus erectus) — кустарник или небольшое дерево, один из двух видов рода Конокарпус семейства Комбретовые. Широко распространён в тропическом поясе Америки и Западной Африки.
Вечнозелёный многоствольный кустарник или небольшое дерево 3–8 м высотой, до 20 см в диаметре, с раскидистой густой кроной. Кора зрелого растения тёмно-серая или коричневая, грубая, трещинноватая. Луб светло-коричневый.
Листья очерёдные, обратноланцетовидные или узко-эллиптические, 2,5–9,0 см длиной, 1–3 см шириной, довольно толстые, жёлто-зелёные на обоих поверхностях, более или менее густо опушёные, особенно вдоль основной жилки. В нижней части листьев видны крошечные отверстия (устьица) в местах, где побочные жилки соединяются с основной. Обычно у любого растения можно увидеть несколько красных листьев. Черешок листа 3–10 мм длиной, слегка утолщённый.
Соцветия 3–8 мм мм длиной, расположены на конце веток либо во влагалище листа на тонком черешке; состоят из нескольких небольших головок 5 мм в диаметре каждая. Каждая головка содержит много цветков длиной около 2 мм, в основном обоеполых. Цветоножка 2—10 (-15) мм длиной, прицветники очень мелкие, покрыты пушком. Гипантий (расширенное цветоложе, с которым срастаются основания листочков околоцветника и тычинок) покрыт пушком. Чашелистики зеленовато-белые, треугольные, ок. 1 мм длиной. Тычинок обычно 10 штук. Плод коричневый с фиолетовым оттенком, сложный, собран в почти шаровидную коричневую головку 1–1,5 см длиной, состоит из отдельных ягод 3–3,5 мм длиной каждая, на конце отогнутых назад.
В Америке природный ареал ограничен с севера Бермудскими и Багамскими островами, Центральной Флоридой и Северной Мексикой, с юга атлантическим побережьем Бразилии и тихоокеанским побережьем Эквадора и северо-западом Перу, а также Галапагосскими островами. В Западной Африке ареал растянут вдоль атлантического побережья от Сенегала на севере до Заира на юге. Интродуцирован на Гавайских островах, где культивируется в прибрежной зоне.
Обычно растёт вдоль морского побережья, но иногда в виде кустарника встречается на опушках сосновых лесов.
Предпочитает внутреннюю часть мангровых лесов[3].
Конока́рпус прямой, или Конокарпус прямостоящий (лат. Conocarpus erectus) — кустарник или небольшое дерево, один из двух видов рода Конокарпус семейства Комбретовые. Широко распространён в тропическом поясе Америки и Западной Африки.
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