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Bananenschnecken ( German )

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Die Bananenschnecken (Ariolimax[Anmerkung 1]) aus der Überfamilie Arionoidea, sind eine wahrscheinlich acht Arten umfassende Gattung landbewohnender Nacktschnecken aus der Unterordnung der Landlungenschnecken (Stylommatophora), die an der Pazifikküste Nordamerikas verbreitet sind.

Merkmale

Die Gattung Ariolimax umfasst sehr große Arten von Nacktschnecken, die ausgestreckt Längen bis etwa 25 cm (bis 16 cm; Schileyko) erreichen. Der Mantel ist glatt, und das Pneumostom liegt deutlich hinter der Mitte des Mantels auf der rechten Seite. Der phylogenetische Rest des Gehäuses, ein flaches Kalkplättchen, ist völlig vom Mantel umschlossen. Der Eingeweidesack erstreckt sich über die gesamte Länge des Körpers.

Die Fußsohle ist nicht oder nur andeutungsweise in Längsrichtung dreigeteilt. Auf der Schwanzspitze sitzt eine kleine Grube, die mit schleimproduzierendem Gewebe gefüllt ist. Der Samenleiter ist lang, der "ejakulative Trakt" in der Mitte ist nur schwach bis gar nicht entwickelt. Der Penis ist sehr groß, dünnwandig mit einer sehr großen Randfalte und annähernd terminaler Pore. Die Innenwand des Penis ist mit zahlreichen rundlichen Falten bedeckt. Der Penisretraktormuskel ist nicht besonders kräftig, und inseriert an der Spitze des Penis. Der freie Eileiter ist ebenfalls lang. Dagegen ist die Vagina kurz und annähernd zylindrisch. Der Stiel der Samenblase (Spermathek) ist vergleichsweise kurz.

Die Farbe ist innerhalb der Arten z. T. sehr variabel. In der Gattung dominieren jedoch Arten, die gelblich (bis grünlich) sind. Auch mehr oder weniger braun oder dunkelbraun gefleckte Individuen kommen vor. Einige Arten sind durch einen hohen Prozentsatz aphallischer Individuen (= ohne Penis) gekennzeichnet. Hier ist anscheinend besonders häufig Selbstbefruchtung verbreitet.

Fortpflanzung

Die Arten der Gattung Ariolimax sind Hermaphroditen, wie übrigens alle landlebenden Lungenschnecken. Bei der in der Regel wechselseitigen Befruchtung fungieren sie sowohl als Weibchen wie auch als Männchen. Aber auch Selbstbefruchtung ist möglich und (möglicherweise) in manchen Arten der Gattung weit verbreitet. Bei einer Population von Ariolimax columbianus auf Hog Island in der Tomales Bucht (Marin County), immerhin 400 Exemplare wurden untersucht, waren alle Tiere aphallisch (Heath zitiert in Mead, 1943: S. 685). Bei Ariolimax columbianus wurde das eigenartige Phänomen der Apophallie beobachtet. Während der Kopulation beißt einer der Geschlechtspartner dem anderen den Penis ab. Dies kommt aber nur bei etwa 5 % der Kopulationen vor.

Geographische Verbreitung und Ökologie

Die Arten der Gattung Ariolimax leben an der amerikanischen Westküste von Südkalifornien (San Diego County) bis nach Alaska (Sitka). Sie leben in erster Linie am Boden in den feuchten Mammutbaumwäldern, die sich an der Küste Nordamerikas entlang ziehen. Sie kommen jedoch auch in trockenen Habitaten vor, gelegentlich werden sie auch in Gärten und Parks gefunden. Sie sind überwiegend nachtaktiv und fressen Früchte und Pilze. Sie spielen im Ökosystem der Küstenwälder eine wichtige Rolle beim Abbau organischer Substanz und bei der Verbreitung von Samen und Sporen. Die Samen keimen auch noch, nachdem sie den Verdauungstrakt der Schnecken passiert haben[1].

Feinde

Die beiden Schlangenarten Thamnophis ordinoides und Thamnophis elegans ssp. terrestris sind auf Schnecken als Beute spezialisiert. In den pazifischen Mammutbaumwäldern sind Bananenschnecken ihre Hauptbeute[2]. Auch eine weitere Schlangenart der amerikanischen Westküste, die sehr seltene Contia tenuis ist auf Nacktschnecken als Beute spezialisiert[3]. Nacktschnecken und auch Bananenschnecken werden auch von Waschbären, Gänsen, Enten und Salamandern gefressen.

Taxonomie und Nomenklatur

Das Taxon Ariolimax wurde 1860 von Otto Andreas Lowson Mörch aufgestellt[4]. Die Typusart ist Limax columbianus Gould, 1851 durch Monotypie. Derzeit wird die Gattung auch in zwei Untergattungen Ariolimax (Ariolimax) Mörch, 1859 und Ariolimax (Meadarion) Pilsbry, 1948 unterteilt. Schileyko (2007) behandelt Meadarion sogar als eigenständige Gattung, neuere Arbeiten folgen ihm darin nicht. Andere Autoren verwenden dagegen keine Untergattungen. Auch in der Artenzahl herrscht noch kein Konsens. Im Allgemeinen werden drei bis vier Arten anerkannt, neuere molekulargenetische Untersuchungen gehen von bis zu acht Arten aus:[5][6][7]

Trivia

Die Bananenschnecke ist das Maskottchen der University of California, Santa Cruz, wobei aber nicht zwischen den sechs einander sehr ähnlichen Arten von Ariolimax unterschieden wird. John Travolta trug im Film Pulp Fiction ein Banana Slug-T-Shirt der U.C. Santa Cruz.

Das Album Thirteenth Step der Progressive-Rock-Gruppe A Perfect Circle zeigt auf der Coverseite eine Bananenschnecke, die über das Gesicht einer Frau kriecht.

In einer Szene des Films Coraline fängt eine Figur des Films, ein Junge namens Wyborne Lovat, genannt „Wybie“, zusammen mit seinem schwarzen Kater Bananenschnecken.

Belege

Literatur

  • Bouchet, Philippe & Jean-Pierre Rocroi 2005: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda. Malacologia, 47: 239-283, Ann Arbor, Michigan
  • Mead, Albert R. 1943: Revision of the Giant West Coast Land Slugs of the Genus Ariolimax Moerch (Pulmonata:Arionidae). American Midland Naturalist, 30(3): 675-717, Notre Dame, Indiana JSTOR 2421208.
  • Schileyko, Anatolij A. 2007: Treatise on Recent terrestrial pulmonate molluscs, Part 15 Oopeltidae, Anadenidae, Arionidae, Philomycidae, Succineidae, Athoracophoridae. Ruthenica, Supplement 2: 2049-2210, Moskau
  • Heike Reise, John M.C. Hutchinson: Penis-biting slugs: wild claims and confusions. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 17(4): 163, April 2002 PDF
  • John Pearse and Janet Leonard 2010: Banana Slug Biology. Guest lecture
  • Simroth, Heinrich 1891: Hesperarion, eine neue amerikanische Nacktschnecken-Gattung. Malakozoologische Blätter, 2 ser., 11: 109-119 Online bei www.biodiversitylibrary.org
  • Pilsbry, Henry Augustus 1948: Land Mollusca of North America: (north of Mexico). Vol. 2 Part II. The Academie of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Monographs, 3: XLVII S., S. 521–1113, Online bei Google Books (S. 710)

Einzelnachweise

  1. Gervais, Jennifer A., Anna Traveset, Mary F. Willson 1998: The potential for seed dispersal by the banana slug (Ariolimax columbianus). American Midland Naturalist, 140: 103-110 JSTOR 2426993
  2. E. J. Britt1, A. J. Clark, and A. F. Bennett 2009: Dental Morphologies in Gartersnakes (Thamnophis) and Their Connection to Dietary Preferences. Journal of Herpetology, 43(2): 252-259 doi:10.1670/08-109R1.1
  3. G. Allen Poynter: Possible Sharp-Tailed Snake Observation near Parksville, British Columbia. Wildlife Afield, 4(1): 75-76 PDF@1@2Vorlage:Toter Link/www.wildlifebc.org (Seite nicht mehr abrufbar, Suche in Webarchiven)  src= Info: Der Link wurde automatisch als defekt markiert. Bitte prüfe den Link gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.
  4. Otto Andreas Lowson Mörch: Beiträge zur Molluskenfauna Central-Amerika's. Malakozoologische Blätter, 6: 102-126 Online bei www.biodiversitylibrary.org (S. 110)
  5. Pearse, J. S., Leonard, J.L.; Breugelmans, K.; Backeljau, T. 2007: Banana slug clades and proposed taxonomy. Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Annual Meeting 2007 Abstract
  6. McDonnell, Rory, Timothy D. Paine, Michael J. Garmally 2009: Slugs A Guide to the Invasive and Native Fauna of California. University of California Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Publication 8336: 21 S., Oakland, Calif. Google Books (S. 9)
  7. a b c John Pearse and Jane Leonard: All About Banana Slugs. University of California, Santa Cruz Banana Slug Genomics class, 23 April 2010 PDF (175 MB!)

Anmerkung

  1. nicht zu verwechseln mit der Gattung Agriolimax, der früheren Bezeichnung für die Gattung der Ackerschnecken (Deroceras)

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Bananenschnecken: Brief Summary ( German )

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Die Bananenschnecken (Ariolimax) aus der Überfamilie Arionoidea, sind eine wahrscheinlich acht Arten umfassende Gattung landbewohnender Nacktschnecken aus der Unterordnung der Landlungenschnecken (Stylommatophora), die an der Pazifikküste Nordamerikas verbreitet sind.

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Banana slug

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Anatomy of a slug

Banana slugs are North American terrestrial slugs comprising the genus Ariolimax. [1]

They are often bright yellow (giving rise to the "banana" common name) although they may also be greenish, brown, tan, or white.

Species

Species within the genus Ariolimax include:

Species brought into synonymy
Banana slug in Washington
  • Ariolimax andersonii J. G. Cooper, 1872: synonym of Prophysaon andersonii (J.G. Cooper, 1872) (unaccepted combination)
  • Ariolimax californicus J.G. Cooper, 1872: synonym of Ariolimax californicus californicus J.G. Cooper, 1872
  • Ariolimax californicus costaricensis Cockerell, 1890: synonym of Deroceras costaricensis (Cockerell, 1890)
  • Ariolimax hemphilli W. G. Binney, 1875: synonym of Hesperarion hemphilli (W.G. Binney, 1875)
  • Ariolimax niger J. G. Cooper, 1872: synonym of Hesperarion niger (J. G. Cooper, 1872)
  • Ariolimax steindachneri Babor, 1900: synonym of Ariolimax columbianus (Gould, 1851)

Description

Head, optic tentacles, and sensory tentacles of a banana slug
Slender banana slug (Ariolimax dolichophallus)

Banana slugs are often bright yellow (giving rise to the banana nomenclature) although they may also be greenish, brown, tan, or white. The species Ariolimax columbianus sometimes has black spots that are so extensive that the animal looks almost entirely black. Individual slugs will change colors with alterations in food consumption, light exposure, and moisture levels. Color may also indicate whether a slug is healthy or injured or what age it is.[5]

The Pacific banana slug is the second-largest species of terrestrial slug in the world, growing up to 25 centimetres (9.8 in) long,[6] and weights of 115 grams (4.1 ounces).[7] (The largest slug species is Limax cinereoniger of Europe, which can reach 30 centimetres (12 in) in length.) Banana slugs have an average lifespan of 1–7 years.[5]

Banana slugs (like other gastropods and many other mollusks) have a radula, a ribbon-like anatomical structure covered in rows of microscopic teeth; the radula is used for feeding.[8] Individuals can move at 6+12 inches (17 cm) per minute.[9]

Slugs use two pairs of tentacles to sense their environment. The larger, upper pair, termed "eyestalks," are used to detect light or movement. The second, lower pair are used to detect chemicals. The tentacles can retract and extend themselves to avoid damage. If a predator bites off a tentacle, the slug can grow a new one.[10]

Banana slugs have a single lung (on the right side) which opens externally via a pneumostome. The pneumostome lung cavity is heavily vascularized to allow gas exchange. Dehydration is a major problem for the mollusk; to combat this, banana slugs excrete a thick coating of mucus around their bodies and can also aestivate. To do so, they secrete a protective layer of mucus and insulate themselves with a layer of soil and leaves. They remain inactive in this state until the environment becomes moist again. Due to their susceptibility to desiccation, they are more commonly active at night, but also appear during cool, moist days.[11]

This individual Ariolimax columbianus has numerous black spots. The patterning may be so extensive as to make the animal look almost solid black. Banana slugs have a single lung which opens externally via a pneumostome. The placement of the pneumostome on the mantle helps to distinguish the species of Ariolimax.

The slime also contains pheromones to attract other slugs for mating. Slugs are simultaneous hermaphrodites, and reproduce by exchanging sperm with their mate. They produce up to 75 translucent eggs, which are laid in a log or on leaves. Slugs mate and lay eggs throughout the year. The adults provide no further care for their eggs beyond finding a suitable hiding spot, and the eggs are abandoned as soon as the clutch is laid.

Distribution

Ariolimax columbianus is native to the forest floors along North America's Pacific coastal coniferous rainforest belt (including douglas-fir forests and redwood forests) which stretches from Southeastern Alaska to Santa Cruz, California.

Several discontinuous populations also occur in forested slopes of the coastal and transverse mountain ranges south of Santa Cruz as far south as Ventura County, with a tiny, isolated population located in Palomar Mountain State Park within the Palomar Mountain Range in San Diego County, California. The Palomar Mountains have lush Sierra Nevada-like coniferous forests and black oak woodlands unlike the surrounding semiarid lands of inland San Diego County and mark the southernmost population of banana slugs. The slugs were rediscovered several years ago along Doane Creek, part of the Lower Doane Valley/Lower French Trail. This population is believed to be a relict from the Pleistocene epoch when the climate was cooler and wetter.

Small, isolated populations also occur east of the Pacific Coast such as in the inland coniferous rainforests of British Columbia's Columbia Mountains (interior wet-belt), just west of the Canadian Rockies, and have been seen at lower elevations near creeks and damp areas of Mount Revelstoke National Park. Small populations of banana slugs have also been seen along creek and damp areas of the western slopes of the Sierra Nevada mountains to the north of Yosemite National Park in California. Slug densities in these outlying areas in the Columbia Mountains, Sierra Nevada Mountains, and areas south of Santa Cruz are low compared to densities in the coastal coniferous rainforest belt and are rather restricted to damp areas near creeks, ravines, and gullies. This population may also be a relic from the Pleistocene epoch.

Ecology

A banana slug eating a small plant in Big Basin Redwoods State Park

Banana slugs are detritivores, or decomposers. They process leaves, animal droppings, moss, and dead plant material, and then recycle them into soil humus. They seem to have a fondness for mushrooms, spread seeds and spores when they eat, and excrete a nitrogen-rich fertilizer.[12] By consuming detritus (dead organic matter) slugs contribute to decomposition and the nutrient cycles[13] and are an important aspect of the ecosystem.

Raccoons, garter snakes, ducks, geese and salamanders sometimes eat banana slugs; they roll the slugs in soil to bind the slime. Juvenile banana slugs are sometimes eaten by moles or shrews.

Slime

The mucus secreted by banana slugs contains chemicals that can numb the tongue of predators. This mucus can absorb up to 100 times its volume in water. Technically, this slime is neither liquid nor solid, but rather a liquid crystal substance and has many properties that interest materials engineers.[14]

In culture

Banana slugs have been used as food by Yurok Natives of the North Coast and by German immigrants in the 19th and early 20th centuries. A yearly festival and contest is held at Russian River including slug races and a contest for recipes – though, even when fed corn meal to purge them or soaked in vinegar to remove slime, the slugs' flavor is not always well regarded for the modern palate, and the most successful entries are often those in which the flavor is unnoticeable.[15][16]

The banana slug (specifically Ariolimax dolichophallus, which is the most common banana slug on campus) is the mascot of the University of California, Santa Cruz. It is common in local forests, was approved by a student vote and has won awards. One T-shirt caption was: "No known predators!"[17]

References

  • Schad, Jerry (1998), Afoot & Afield in San Diego County, Wilderness Press

Footnotes

  1. ^ MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Ariolimax Mörch, 1859. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=995725 on 2021-08-25
  2. ^ a b c Turgeon, D. D.; A. E. Bogan; E. V. Coan; W. K. Emerson; W. G. Lyons; W. Pratt; et al. (1988). Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: molluscs. Special Publications. American Fisheries Society. p. 277.
  3. ^ ITIS Standard Report Page Ariolimax dolichophallus Mead, 1943, Integrated Taxonomic Information System - United States Government
  4. ^ Mead, Albert R. (1943). "Revision of the Giant West Coast Land Slugs of the Genus Ariolimax Moerch (Pulmonata: Arionidae)". American Midland Naturalist. 30 (3): 675–717. doi:10.2307/2421208. JSTOR 2421208.
  5. ^ a b Harper, Alice Bryant (1988). The Banana Slug: A Close Look at a Giant Forest Slug of Western North America. Aptos, CA: Bay Leaves Press. ISBN 0962121800.
  6. ^ Thomas, K. (2000). "Ariolimax columbianus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Retrieved May 19, 2009.
  7. ^ "The Banana Slug is not a Mythical Creature | spiralbound.net". Archived from the original on 2010-06-15. Retrieved 2010-08-05.
  8. ^ "All About Slugs - Anatomy".
  9. ^ "Slugs". oregonstate.edu.
  10. ^ "All About Slugs | SlugWatch". Retrieved 2019-01-03.
  11. ^ "Banana Slug · University of Puget Sound". www.pugetsound.edu.
  12. ^ "Natural History of UCSC". Archived from the original on 2010-06-07. Retrieved 2008-02-25.
  13. ^ Wetzel, R. G. Limnology: Lake and River Ecosystems. Academic Press. 2001. 3rd. p.700.
  14. ^ "Banana Slugs: Secret of the Slime". kqed.org. 17 February 2015.
  15. ^ Gross, Jane (1989-03-22). "Russian River Journal; Courage Is an Ingredient At Banana Slug Festival". New York Times.
  16. ^ Janiskee, Bob (2010-03-22). "Creature Feature: The Banana Slug is Living Proof that a Slimy Little Gastropod Mollusk Can be Loaded with Charisma". National Parks Traveler.
  17. ^ UC Santa Cruz Menu. "Banana Slug Mascot". University of California, Santa Cruz. Retrieved 2017-08-26.

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Banana slug: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN
Anatomy of a slug

Banana slugs are North American terrestrial slugs comprising the genus Ariolimax.

They are often bright yellow (giving rise to the "banana" common name) although they may also be greenish, brown, tan, or white.

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Ariolimax ( Spanish; Castilian )

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 src=
La anatomía de una babosa.

Ariolimax es un género de babosas terrestres de la familia Ariolimacidae propias de América del Norte. A menudo son de color amarillo brillante (por lo que se les suele denominar "banana") aunque también pueden ser verdosas, marrones, o blancas.

Especies

Las especies en el género Ariolimax son:

Descripción

 src=
Babosa banana (Ariolimax dolichophallus)

Las babosas banana suelen ser de color amarillo brillante (lo que da lugar a la nomenclatura de banana), aunque también pueden ser verdosas, marrones, tostadas o blancas. La especie Ariolimax columbianus a veces tiene manchas negras que son tan extensas que el animal parece casi completamente negro. Las babosas individuales cambian de color con alteraciones en el consumo de alimentos, exposición a la luz y niveles de humedad. El color también puede indicar si una babosa está sana o lesionada o qué edad tiene.[2]

La babosa banana del Pacífico es la segunda especie más grande de babosa terrestre en el mundo, y crece hasta 25 centímetros (9,8 plg) de largo,[3]​ y pesos de 115 gramos (4,1 oz).[4]​ (La especie de babosa más grande es Limax cinereoniger de Europa, que puede alcanzar 30 centímetros (11,8 plg) de longitud.) Las babosas bananas tienen una vida media de 1 a 7 años.[2]

Las babosas banana (como otros gasterópodos y muchos otros moluscos) tienen una rádula, una estructura anatómica en forma de cinta cubierta por filas de dientes microscópicos; la rádula se usa para alimentarse. Los individuos pueden moverse a 6+1/2 de pulgada (16,5 cm) por minuto.[5]

Bibliografía

  • Schad, Jerry (1998), Afoot & Afield in San Diego County, Wilderness Press.
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Ariolimax: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES
 src= La anatomía de una babosa.

Ariolimax es un género de babosas terrestres de la familia Ariolimacidae propias de América del Norte. A menudo son de color amarillo brillante (por lo que se les suele denominar "banana") aunque también pueden ser verdosas, marrones, o blancas.

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Ariolimax ( French )

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Ariolimax, en français « limace-banane » (Banana slug en anglais), est un genre de mollusques gastéropodes.

Utilisations

Les Yuroks s'en nourrissaient[1].

Liste des espèces

Voir aussi

Références

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Ariolimax: Brief Summary ( French )

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Ariolimax, en français « limace-banane » (Banana slug en anglais), est un genre de mollusques gastéropodes.

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Ariolimax ( Italian )

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Ariolimax Mörch, 1859 è un genere di molluschi gasteropodi polmonati della famiglia Ariolimacidae.[1]

Tassonomia

Il genere comprende le seguenti specie:[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) MolluscaBase eds. 2020, Ariolimax Mörch, 1859, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 26/10/2020.
  2. ^ accettato da WoRMS come Ariolimax californicus californicus

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Ariolimax: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Ariolimax Mörch, 1859 è un genere di molluschi gasteropodi polmonati della famiglia Ariolimacidae.

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Banansnegler ( Norwegian )

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 src=
Ariolimax columbianus,
 src=
Ariolimax californicus.
 src=
Ariolimax columbianus, Canada

Banansnegler er et bløtdyr og tilhører de landlevende lungesneglene i familiegruppen skogsnegler. Den er en av «nakensneglene» uten synlig skall.

De finnes ikke i Norge eller Europa, men er utbredt i Mellom- og Nord-Amerika.

Utseende

Banansnegler er vanligvis gule og ikke helt ulike bananer, noe som grunnen til navnet. Men noen av artene kan være brune, grønne eller nesten hvite. Ariolimax columbianus har mørke flekker, disse kan nesten helt dekke den gule fargen. Den er den nest største landlevende sneglen i verden og kan bli opptil 25 centimeter. Den største er Limax cinereoniger som finnes i Europa, den kan bli hele 30 cm.

Banansnegler har to par tentakler. På det øverste paret finnes øyne ute på spissen. Det underste paret brukes til å registrere lukter eller kjemikalier. De har en kappehule som er en del av åndedrettet til sneglen, og den tjenestegjør som en lunge. Man kan lett se åpningen til kappehulen som et hull, normalt på høyre siden av kappen. Skogsnegler har åndehullet foran midten av kappa.

Levevis

Banansnegler lever for det meste av døde plantedeler og døde dyr (åtsler), som den spiser. Den har ikke tenner, men en raspetunge, som den kan raspe i seg maten med.

Banansnegler finnes på fuktige steder med skygge. Den er aktive om natten når luftfuktigheten er høyere. Om dagen hviler den ofte undere steiner eller i tett vegetasjon. Om været blir for tørt og varmt, lukker den åpningen til kapphulen, mest mulig for å spare på fuktigheten.

Banansnegler er hermafroditter (tvekjønnet). For å kunne legge egg kreves allikevel to snegler, som under parringen, befrukter hverandre. De legger flere hundre egg i små grupper, på skyggefulle fuktige steder. Etter noen uker klekker eggene. De nyklekkete sneglene ser ut som miniatyrer av de voksne individene. Utviklingstiden til et voksent individ kan variere etter arten.

Systematisk inndeling

Treliste

Eksterne lenker

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Banansnegler: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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 src= Ariolimax columbianus,  src= Ariolimax californicus.  src= Ariolimax columbianus, Canada

Banansnegler er et bløtdyr og tilhører de landlevende lungesneglene i familiegruppen skogsnegler. Den er en av «nakensneglene» uten synlig skall.

De finnes ikke i Norge eller Europa, men er utbredt i Mellom- og Nord-Amerika.

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Ariolimax ( Portuguese )

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 src=
Duas "lesmas bananas".

Ariolimax (que significa lesma de Arion) é um gênero de lesmas terrestres pertencentes à família Arionidae, da ordem Pulmonata.[1][2]

São conhecidas três espécies:

Descrição

Essas lesmas são caracterizadas pela coloração amarela que em inglês lhes rendeu o nome de banana slugs (lesmas da banana). Apesar disso, elas também podem ser verdes, marrões ou brancas. A espécie Ariolimax columbianus pode possuir manchas negras e é também a segunda maior espécie de lesma terrestre conhecida, podendo chegar a 25 centímetros de comprimento.[3]

Elas possuem dois pares de tentáculos flexíveis. Um par de tentáculos possui na ponta os olhos do animal, o outro par possui receptores químicos. Elas possuem apenas um pulmão e, como todas as lesmas, produzem uma camada de muco sobre seu corpo para tornar mais fácil a movimentação. Elas são capazes, inclusive, de escalar árvores. Para prevenir a desidratação quando o ambiente se encontra em condições desfavoráveis elas podem se proteger com uma camada grossa de muco e permanecer inativas durante determinado período de tempo. Recentemente, a espécie tornou-se bastante conhecida pela publicação que atestaria que a proporção entre seu corpo físico e seus órgãos sexuais seria a maior do reino animal, fazendo desses espécimes os mais bem-dotados do planeta.[3]

Habitat e Ecologia

Lesmas dessa espécie são nativas das florestas da costa pacífica da América do Norte, desde o Alaska até a Califórnia. Elas são decompositoras naturais e decompõe restos de plantas e animais mortos. Também se alimentam de cogumelos, ajudando a espalhar seus esporos ao comer. São portanto, animais ecologicamente importantes em seu habitat. Seus predadores naturais incluem guaxinins, serpentes, patos e salamandras. Os filhotes são as vezes comidos por musaranhos ou toupeiras.[4]

Referências

  1. Turgeon, D. D.; A. E. Bogan; E. V. Coan; W. K. Emerson; W. G. Lyons; W. Pratt; et al. (1988). Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: molluscs. Special Publications. American Fisheries Society.
  2. Harper, Alice Bryant (1988). The Banana Slug: A Close Look at a Giant Forest Slug of Western North America. Aptos, CA: Bay Leaves Press. ISBN 0962121800
  3. a b Thomas, K. (2000). «Ariolimax columbianus». Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Consultado em 19 de maio de 2009
  4. «All About Slugs | SlugWatch» (em inglês). Consultado em 3 de janeiro de 2019
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Ariolimax: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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 src= Duas "lesmas bananas".

Ariolimax (que significa lesma de Arion) é um gênero de lesmas terrestres pertencentes à família Arionidae, da ordem Pulmonata.

São conhecidas três espécies:

Ariolimax californicus J. G. Cooper, 1872 Ariolimax columbianus Gould, 1851 Ariolimax dolichophallus Mead, 1943
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Sên chuối ( Vietnamese )

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Sên chuối (Ariolimax) là một chi gồm 3 loài sên ở Bắc Mỹ. Những loài sên này thường có màu vàng và đôi khi có các đốm màu nâu, giống như quả chuối chín (hoặc quá chín). Sên chuối thường có màu vàng (dẫn đến tên gọi chuối) mặc dù họ cũng có thể là màu xanh lục, nâu, nâu, hoặc màu trắng. Các loài Ariolimax columbianus đôi khi có đốm đen quá rộng đến nổi chúng trông gần như hoàn toàn đen. Cá thể sên thay đổi màu sắc với sự thay đổi trong tiêu thụ thức ăn, tiếp xúc với ánh sáng và độ ẩm.

Loài

Loài thuộc về chi Ariolimax bao gồm:

Tham khảo

  1. ^ a ă â Turgeon, D. D., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, W. K. Emerson, W. G. Lyons, W. Pratt, et al. 1988. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. American Fisheries Society Special Publication 16. vii + 277.
  2. ^ ITIS Standard Report Page Ariolimax dolichophallus Mead, 1943, Integrated Taxonomic Information System - United States Government
  3. ^ Revision of the giant west coast slugs of the genus Ariolimax (Pulmonata, Arionidae) by Albert R. Mead, The American Midland Naturalist 30:692
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Sên chuối: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Sên chuối (Ariolimax) là một chi gồm 3 loài sên ở Bắc Mỹ. Những loài sên này thường có màu vàng và đôi khi có các đốm màu nâu, giống như quả chuối chín (hoặc quá chín). Sên chuối thường có màu vàng (dẫn đến tên gọi chuối) mặc dù họ cũng có thể là màu xanh lục, nâu, nâu, hoặc màu trắng. Các loài Ariolimax columbianus đôi khi có đốm đen quá rộng đến nổi chúng trông gần như hoàn toàn đen. Cá thể sên thay đổi màu sắc với sự thay đổi trong tiêu thụ thức ăn, tiếp xúc với ánh sáng và độ ẩm.

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Ariolimax ( Russian )

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Латинское название Ariolimax Morch, 1859 Виды[1]

См. текст

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ITIS 77081 NCBI 2029300

Ariolimax — род сухопутных лёгочных улиток (Pulmonata), включающий в себя три вида: Ariolimax californicus (калифорнийский банановый слизень), Ariolimax columbianus (тихоокеанский банановый слизень) и Ariolimax dolichophallus (Slender banana slug). Банановые слизни являются самыми крупными представителями из всех североамериканских слизней.

Описание

Ariolimax обычно имеют ярко-жёлтую окраску, реже встречаются зелёные, коричневые и белые особи. Встречаются также особи с чёрными пятнами, они относятся к виду Ariolimax columbianus. По размерам эти слизни на втором месте (в длину достигают 25 см) после европейского вида Limax cinereoniger, которые достигают 30 см длины.

 src=
Courtship

Систематика

Типовой род своего семейства — Ariolimacidae (иногда этот род относят к семейству Arionidae).

Виды

В составе рода:

Литература

  • Schad, Jerry, «Afoot & Afield in San Diego County», Wilderness Press, 1998.

Примечания

  1. BioLib Profil taxonu — rod Ariolimax Morch, 1859 (чешск.)
Есть более полная статья
В другом языковом разделе есть более полная статья Banana slug (англ.).
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При этом, для соблюдения правил атрибуции, следует установить шаблон {{переведённая статья}} на страницу обсуждения, либо указать ссылку на статью-источник в комментарии к правке.
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Ariolimax: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Ariolimax — род сухопутных лёгочных улиток (Pulmonata), включающий в себя три вида: Ariolimax californicus (калифорнийский банановый слизень), Ariolimax columbianus (тихоокеанский банановый слизень) и Ariolimax dolichophallus (Slender banana slug). Банановые слизни являются самыми крупными представителями из всех североамериканских слизней.

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香蕉蛞蝓 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

香蕉蛞蝓,即香蕉蛞蝓屬Ariolimax),是歐洲蛞蝓科下的一陸生蛞蝓,因身體為香蕉黃而得名。

物種

香蕉蛞蝓包括以下物種

特徵

香蕉蛞蝓一般呈鮮黃色,故以香蕉為名,有時也有綠色、褐色或白色。一些甚至有黑點,數量多至以為它們是黑色的。

太平洋香蕉蛞蝓世界上第二大的陸生蛞蝓,可以長達25厘米。[4]

香蕉蛞蝓會以它們的兩對觸角來感覺環境。較大的上觸角可以用來偵測運動;第二對觸角是用來偵測化學物質。觸角可以收縮及伸展來避免傷害。

 src=
正在交配的香蕉蛞蝓。

香蕉蛞蝓只有一個,經呼吸孔向外展開。呼吸孔的肺活量可以劇烈血管化來進行氣體交換脫水是它們的主要問題。它們會分泌厚厚的黏液,且會夏眠。它們會分泌一層保護黏膜來分隔它們與土壤樹葉。它們會保持不動直至環境再次潮濕。

香蕉蛞蝓包含了信息素來吸引其他蛞蝓進行交配。它們是雌雄同體的,在交配時會互相交換精子繁殖。每次可以產達75顆卵,一般會在樹木或葉子上產卵。它們全年也可以交配及產卵。它們只會為產卵找一個收藏的地方,產卵後就不再理會。[5]

分佈

太平洋香蕉蛞蝓分佈在北美洲太平洋海岸的雨林帶,由阿拉斯加東南部至加利福尼亞州中部的舊金山灣區南部。

聖塔克魯茲南部至文圖拉縣的海岸及山區有幾個散落的群落,另外在聖迭戈縣也有細小的獨立群落。帕洛瑪山(Palomar Mountains)有像內華達山脈針葉林及黑橡林地,是香蕉蛞蝓最南端的分佈地。沿Doane Creek就再次發現香蕉蛞蝓,一直以為它們已於更新世消失。

在太平洋沿岸也有一些散落的香蕉蛞蝓群落,包括英屬哥倫比亞哥倫比亞山脈(Columbia Mountains)及雷佛史塔山國家公園(Mount Revelstoke National Park)。在內華達山脈至加利福尼亞州的優勝美地國家公園北部也有細小的群落。在哥倫比亞山脈、內華達山脈及聖迭戈縣的香蕉蛞蝓密度較針葉雨林的低。[5]這些群落也被認為是源自於更新世。

生態

香蕉蛞蝓是腐生生物。它們會處理葉子動物糞便及枯萎的植物,將它們再造成腐殖質。它們似乎特別喜歡吃蕈類,同時會幫助散播種子孢子。它們運動得相對較慢。[5][6]

浣熊襪帶蛇蠑螈有時也會吃香蕉蛞蝓。香蕉蛞蝓會捲曲身體藏在土壤中。幼生蛞蝓有時會被鼩鼱科蘇鼠所吃。

對所有蛞蝓也有害。經滲透作用,水份會從身體滲出來稀釋鹽份,令它們脫水[7]

參考

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Turgeon, D. D., A. E. Bogan, E. V. Coan, W. K. Emerson, W. G. Lyons, W. Pratt; 等. Common and scientific names of aquatic invertebrates from the United States and Canada: mollusks. American Fisheries Society Special Publication. 1988, 16: vii + 277. 引文格式1维护:显式使用等标签 (link)
  2. ^ ITIS Standard Report Page Ariolimax dolichophallus Mead, 1943, Integrated Taxonomic Information System - United States Government
  3. ^ Albert R. Mead. Revision of the giant west coast slugs of the genus Ariolimax (Pulmonata, Arionidae). The American Midland Naturalist: 692.[永久失效連結]
  4. ^ Thomas, K. Ariolimax columbianus. Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 2000 [2009-05-19].
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 The Biogeography of the Banana Slug (Ariolimax columbianus). (原始内容存档于2010-04-29).
  6. ^ Natural History of UCSC.
  7. ^ Cranshaw, W.S. Slugs. Colorado State University. March 1996 [2008-10-20].
  • Schad, Jerry, "Afoot & Afield in San Diego County", Wilderness Press, 1998.

外部連結

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香蕉蛞蝓: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

香蕉蛞蝓,即香蕉蛞蝓屬(Ariolimax),是歐洲蛞蝓科下的一陸生蛞蝓,因身體為香蕉黃而得名。

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