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Diagnostic Description

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These minute ants are of Old World origin but several species have become widespread vagrants. Two of these occur in disturbed (mostly urban) habitats in California, where they nest in sidewalks and along roadways. Both are able to survive in sites invaded by the Argentine ant ( Linepithema humile ). The males of' Cardiocondyla occur in two forms: dispersing winged males and wingless, worker-like (ergatoid) males that mate in the nest.

Species identification: keys in Seifert (2003). Additional references: Anderson et al. (2003), Creighton and Snelling (1974), Cremer and Heinze (2003), Gulmahamad (1997), Heinze (1999), Heinze and Hölldobler (1993B), Heinze et al. (2004), Kugler (1984), MacKay (1995), Snelling (1974).

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Ward, P. S., 2005, A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa, pp. 1-68, vol. 936
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Ward, P. S.
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Diagnostic Description

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Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869: Ann. accad. Aspir. Nat. Napoli (2)2:20.

Type-species: Cardiocondula elegans Emery , 1869: Ann. Acad. Aspir. Nat. Napoli (2)2:21.

Distribution: Palaearctic, Ethiopian, Oriental, Australian, Polynesian, Nearctic & Neotropical regions.

Key to species

1- Propodeal spines very short and blunt (Fig.30); head, alitrunk, nodes and appendages reddish brown, gaster black ... C. nuda (Mayr)

- Propodeal spines long and acute (Fig.31); head, alitrunk, nodes and appendages yellow, gaster dark brown...... C. wroughtonii (Forel)

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Mohamed, S., 2001, Taxonomy of ant species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) collected by pitfall traps from Sinai and Delta region, Egypt., Egyptian Journal of Natural History, pp. 40-61, vol. 3
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Mohamed, S.
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Diagnostic Description

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Taxonomy. The genus Cardiocondyla is assigned to the tribe Formicoxenini by Bolton (1994, 2003). The Afrotropical species were revised by Bolton (1982), and the elegans-, bulgarica-, batesii-, nuda-, shuckardi-, stambuloffii-, wroughtonii-, emeryi- and minutior-groups were revised by Seifert (2003). Workers of Vietnamese species have the following features.

Worker monomorphic; head in full-face view subrectangular; frontal lobe small and narrow; frontal carina and antennal scrobe absent; median portion of clypeus prominently extended forward, and fused to the flattened lateral portions to form a shelf which hides basal part of mandibles in full-face view but is elevated away from the dorsal surface of mandibles in lateral view; posteromedian portion of clypeus relatively broadly inserted between frontal lobes; median clypeal seta present; mandible triangular, with 5 teeth which decrease in size from apex to base; palp formula 5,3; stipes of maxilla with a transverse crest at about midlength; antenna 12-segmented, with 3-segmented club; eye generally large and conspicuous; promesonotal dorsum in lateral view flattened to slightly convex; promesonotal suture absent dorsally; metanotal groove absent or distinctly impressed dorsally; propodeum nearly unarmed to strongly bispinose; propodeal lobe roundly extended posteriad; petiole pedunculate anteriorly and with distinct node; subpetiolar process present but small; postpetiole in lateral view dorsoventrally flattened, in dorsal view very broad, much broader than petiolar node; gastral shoulder indistinct or distinct; dorsa of head, mesosma, waist and gaster lacking standing hairs.

The worker of Cardiocondyla is similar to Monomorium and Temnothorax , but in the latter two genera the postpetiole is as broad as or only a little broader than the petiolar node, and the dorsa of head, mesosoma, waist and gaster bear at least a few standing hairs.

Vietnamese species. Five species have been recognized by us from Vietnam: kagutsuchi Terayama [= sp. eg- 3; = nuda (Mayr) in Eguchi et al., 2005] (Cuc Phuong, Tam Dao); minutior Forel [= sp. eg-2; = emery Forel in Eguchi et al., 2005] (Ba Vi, Cuc Phuong, Tam Dao); wroughtonii Forel [= sp. eg-1] (Tam Dao); sp. eg-4 (Tay Yen Tu); sp. eg-5 (Binh Chau-Phuoc Buu).

Bionomics. Cardiocondyla species inhabit open and man-made habitats such as around settlements and in gardens. Workers are frequently found on the ground surface.

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Eguchi, K., 2011, Generic synopsis of the Formicidae of Vietnam (Insecta: Hymenoptera), Part I - Myrmicinae and Pseudomyrmicinae., Zootaxa, pp. 1-61, vol. 2878
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Diagnostic Description

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Worker minute, smooth, almost hairless. Clypeus projecting over the bases of the mandibles, steep in front, with rounded anterior border. Frontal area strongly impressed. Frontal carinae short and straight. Eyes well developed; ocelli lacking. Mandibles broad, triangular, dentate. Antennae 12-jointed, with long first funicular joint and 3-jointed club, the last joint very large. Promesonotal suture indistinct; mesoepinotal constriction well developed. Epinotum armed with spines or teeth. Petiole with long peduncle and small, rounded node. Postpetiole conspicuously large, cordate or transversely elliptical. Gaster formed in large part by the first segment.

Female winged (except in C. emeryi Forel), somewhat larger than the worker; head of the same shape but with ocelli. Pronotum not covered by the mesoscutum in front. Petiole and postpetiole usually broader than in the worker. Wings with reduced venation; pterostigma near the middle of the costal border; one closed cubital cell; distal portions of radius and cubitus obsolete; brachius not developed beyond the nervulus but bending up into the submedius. According to Emery, the female of C. emeryi is wingless and has the posterior ocelli vestigial.

Male usually ergatomorphic but winged in C. emeryi . In this form the antennae are 13-jointed but in ergatomorphic males they are 10- to 12-jointed; with long scape and more indistinct club. Petiole and postpetiole resembling the corresponding segments of the female, in the male of emeryi much as in the worker.

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Wheeler, W. M., 1922, The ants collected by the American Museum Congo Expedition., Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, pp. 39-269, vol. 45
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Cardiocondyla

provided by wikipedia EN

Cardiocondyla is an Old World genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae.[2]

Distribution

Approximately 70 species are currently recognized as belonging to this genus, most of which are distributed in the Old World tropics and subtropics, but a few of which occur in the temperate zone. Some species are also found widely separated in North America and the Pacific Islands, as a result of human introduction.[3]

Description

Several species of this genus have a striking male polymorphism, with both winged and wingless forms. These males differ not only in morphology, but also in reproductive tactics.[3] Closely related genera are Leptothorax, Stereomyrmex and Romblonella.[4]

Outbreeding

Cardiocondyla elegans worker ants transport young queen ants to alien nests to promote outbreeding.[5] This allows avoidance of inbreeding depression. The worker ants, sisters of these queens, may transport the queens several meters from their natal nest and drop them off at another, alien nest to promote outbreeding with wingless stationary males in a process somewhat analogous to third party matchmaking in humans.[5] After mating during the winter, the sexual females may depart in the spring and found their own colonies.

Species

References

  1. ^ Bolton, B. (2014). "Cardiocondyla". AntCat. Retrieved 20 July 2014.
  2. ^ "Genus: Cardiocondyla". antweb.org. AntWeb. Retrieved 11 October 2013.
  3. ^ a b Okita, I.; Murase, K.; Sato, T.; Kato, K.; Hosoda, A.; Terayama, M.; Masuko, K. (2013). "The Spatial Distribution of mtDNA and Phylogeographic Analysis of the Ant Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Japan". Sociobiology. 60 (2). doi:10.13102/sociobiology.v60i2.129-134.
  4. ^ Taylor, Robert W. (1991). "Notes on the ant genera Romblonella and Willowsiella, with comments on their affinities, and the first descriptions of Australian species. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)". Psyche. 97 (3–4): 281–298. doi:10.1155/1990/29514.
  5. ^ a b Vidal M, Königseder F, Giehr J, Schrempf A, Lucas C, Heinze J. Worker ants promote outbreeding by transporting young queens to alien nests. Commun Biol. 2021 May 3;4(1):515. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02016-1. PMID: 33941829; PMCID: PMC8093424

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Cardiocondyla: Brief Summary

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Cardiocondyla ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Cardiocondyla es un género de hormigas perteneciente a la familia Formicidae. Se distribuyen por las zonas tropicales y subtropicales del Viejo Mundo, aunque algunas ocupan zonas templadas y también se han dispersado por América y la zona del Pacífico por acción humana.

Especies

Se reconocen las siguientes:

Referencias

  • AntWiki - Bringing Ants to the World. Cardiocondyla. Acceso: 1 de diciembre de 2016.

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Cardiocondyla: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Cardiocondyla es un género de hormigas perteneciente a la familia Formicidae. Se distribuyen por las zonas tropicales y subtropicales del Viejo Mundo, aunque algunas ocupan zonas templadas y también se han dispersado por América y la zona del Pacífico por acción humana.

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Cardiocondyla ( French )

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Cardiocondyla est un genre de fourmis de la sous-famille des Myrmicinae.

Espèces

Cardiocondyla atalanta - Cardiocondyla batesii - Cardiocondyla bicoronata - Cardiocondyla brachyceps - Cardiocondyla breviscapus - Cardiocondyla britteni - Cardiocondyla bulgarica - Cardiocondyla carbonaria - Cardiocondyla compressa - Cardiocondyla cristata - Cardiocondyla elegans (type) - Cardiocondyla emeryi - Cardiocondyla fajumensis - Cardiocondyla gallagheri - Cardiocondyla gallilaeica - Cardiocondyla gibbosa - Cardiocondyla goa - Cardiocondyla insutura - Cardiocondyla israelica - Cardiocondyla itsukii - Cardiocondyla jacquemini - Cardiocondyla kagutsuchi - Cardiocondyla koshewnikovi - Cardiocondyla kushanica - Cardiocondyla littoralis - Cardiocondyla longiceps - Cardiocondyla longinoda - Cardiocondyla luciae - Cardiocondyla mauritanica - Cardiocondyla melana - Cardiocondyla minutior - Cardiocondyla monardi - Cardiocondyla nana - Cardiocondyla neferka - Cardiocondyla nigra - Cardiocondyla nigrocerea - Cardiocondyla nivalis - Cardiocondyla nuda - Cardiocondyla obscurior - Cardiocondyla opaca - Cardiocondyla opistopsis - Cardiocondyla papuana - Cardiocondyla paradoxa - Cardiocondyla paranuda - Cardiocondyla parvinoda - Cardiocondyla persiana - Cardiocondyla pirata - Cardiocondyla rugulosa - Cardiocondyla sahlbergi - Cardiocondyla sekhemka - Cardiocondyla semirubra - Cardiocondyla shagrinata - Cardiocondyla shuckardi - Cardiocondyla sima - Cardiocondyla stambuloffii - Cardiocondyla strigifrons - Cardiocondyla tenuifrons - Cardiocondyla thoracica - Cardiocondyla tibetana - Cardiocondyla tiwarii - Cardiocondyla tjibodana - Cardiocondyla ulianini - Cardiocondyla unicalis - Cardiocondyla venustula - Cardiocondyla weserka - Cardiocondyla wheeleri - Cardiocondyla wroughtonii - Cardiocondyla yemeni - Cardiocondyla yoruba - Cardiocondyla zoserka

Références

  1. (it) Emery, C. 1869: Enumerazione dei Formicidi che rinvengonsi nei contorni di Napoli. Annali dell'Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturalisti (2), 2: 1–26.

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Cardiocondyla: Brief Summary ( French )

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Cardiocondyla est un genre de fourmis de la sous-famille des Myrmicinae.

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Cardiocondyla ( Italian )

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Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869 è un genere di formiche della sottofamiglia Myrmicinae.[1]

Biologia

In alcune specie di questo genere frequentemente poliginico, si nota un polimorfismo dei maschi, con individui alati e individui atteri ("ergatoidi"). Mentre gli individui alati si disperdono per accoppiarsi, quelli atteri usano le loro forti mandibole per eliminare gli altri maschi. Inoltre, sempre gli individui atteri, una volta usciti dalla colonia difendono il territorio contro gli altri maschi.[2]

Distribuzione

Genere a distribuzione cosmopolita in seguito a introduzioni accidentali. Nativamente è presente in Europa, Asia, Africa e Oceania.
In Italia sono presenti solo Cardiocondyla elegans e Cardiocondyla mauritanica.[1]

Tassonomia

Il genere è composto da 72 specie e 2 sottospecie:[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b c Cardiocondyla, in AntWeb. URL consultato il 25 febbraio 2019.
  2. ^ S. Frohschammer, J. Heinze, Male fighting and “territoriality” within colonies of the ant Cardiocondyla venustula, in Naturwissenschaften, vol. 96, 2009, pp. 159-163, DOI:10.1007/s00114-008-0460-2.

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Cardiocondyla: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Cardiocondyla Emery, 1869 è un genere di formiche della sottofamiglia Myrmicinae.

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Hartknoopmieren ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Insecten

Hartknoopmieren (Cardiocondyla) zijn een geslacht van mieren uit de onderfamilie knoopmieren (Myrmicinae). De wetenschappelijke naam van het geslacht is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1869 door Carlo Emery.

Hartknoopmieren zijn zwerfmieren. Sommige soorten waaronder Cardiocondyla emeryi, C. mauritanica, C. minutior en C. obscurior (tweekleurige hartknoopmier) zijn invasieve soorten die door menselijke activiteit wijd verspreid zijn doorheen de tropische gebieden, soms tot in gematigde gebieden. Ze behoren vaak tot de eerste ongewervelde diersoorten die verstoorde gebieden zoals nieuw gevormde vulkanische eilanden of gerestructureerde voormalige bauxietmijnen koloniseren. Kolonies kunnen makkelijk meegevoerd worden met kleine hoeveelheden grond of plantmateriaal. Ze vallen weinig op omdat ze veel minder destructief zijn dan andere invasieve soorten zoals bijvoorbeeld de Hazewindmier (Anoplolepis gracilipes). Ze leven in kleine kolonies met een paar dozijn tot een honderdtal werksters, die vooral solitair foerageren. Alle werksters zijn steriel. De nesten zijn meestal ondergronds en bestaan uit verschillende kleine kamers die tot 1,5 m diep kunnen zijn. Ze zijn moeilijk te lokaliseren omdat de verborgen ingangen slechts gaatjes met een diameter van 1 mm hebben. C. obscurior maakt nesten in opgerolde bladeren van citrusbomen.[1]

Hartknoopmieren worden gekenmerkt door een vorm van polymorfisme bij de mannelijke dieren. Er zijn niet-agressieve gevleugelde mannetjes die uit het moederlijke nest emigreren, en ongevleugelde zogenaamde ergatoïde (op werksters lijkende) agressieve mannetjes die hun hele leven in het eigen nest blijven en die andere ergatoïde mannetjes aanvallen en doden om het monopolie te verkrijgen op het paren met de maagdelijke koninginnen die in de kolonie worden geproduceerd. Ergatoïde mannetjes tolereren echter wel gevleugelde mannetjes die paren in hun eigen nest.[2]

Soorten

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. J. Heinze, S. Cremer, N. Eckl, A. Schrempf. "Stealthy invaders: the biology of Cardiocondyla tramp ants." Insectes Sociaux vol. 53 (2006), blz. 1-7. DOI:10.1007/s00040-005-0847-4
  2. Jürgen Heinze, Jacques H.C. Delabie. "Population structure of the male-polymorphic ant Cardiocondyla obscurior." Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment vol. 40 (2005), blz. 187-190. DOI:10.1080/01650520500175250
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Hartknoopmieren: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Hartknoopmieren (Cardiocondyla) zijn een geslacht van mieren uit de onderfamilie knoopmieren (Myrmicinae). De wetenschappelijke naam van het geslacht is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1869 door Carlo Emery.

Hartknoopmieren zijn zwerfmieren. Sommige soorten waaronder Cardiocondyla emeryi, C. mauritanica, C. minutior en C. obscurior (tweekleurige hartknoopmier) zijn invasieve soorten die door menselijke activiteit wijd verspreid zijn doorheen de tropische gebieden, soms tot in gematigde gebieden. Ze behoren vaak tot de eerste ongewervelde diersoorten die verstoorde gebieden zoals nieuw gevormde vulkanische eilanden of gerestructureerde voormalige bauxietmijnen koloniseren. Kolonies kunnen makkelijk meegevoerd worden met kleine hoeveelheden grond of plantmateriaal. Ze vallen weinig op omdat ze veel minder destructief zijn dan andere invasieve soorten zoals bijvoorbeeld de Hazewindmier (Anoplolepis gracilipes). Ze leven in kleine kolonies met een paar dozijn tot een honderdtal werksters, die vooral solitair foerageren. Alle werksters zijn steriel. De nesten zijn meestal ondergronds en bestaan uit verschillende kleine kamers die tot 1,5 m diep kunnen zijn. Ze zijn moeilijk te lokaliseren omdat de verborgen ingangen slechts gaatjes met een diameter van 1 mm hebben. C. obscurior maakt nesten in opgerolde bladeren van citrusbomen.

Hartknoopmieren worden gekenmerkt door een vorm van polymorfisme bij de mannelijke dieren. Er zijn niet-agressieve gevleugelde mannetjes die uit het moederlijke nest emigreren, en ongevleugelde zogenaamde ergatoïde (op werksters lijkende) agressieve mannetjes die hun hele leven in het eigen nest blijven en die andere ergatoïde mannetjes aanvallen en doden om het monopolie te verkrijgen op het paren met de maagdelijke koninginnen die in de kolonie worden geproduceerd. Ergatoïde mannetjes tolereren echter wel gevleugelde mannetjes die paren in hun eigen nest.

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Cardiocondyla ( Portuguese )

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Cardiocondyla é um gênero de insetos, pertencente a família Formicidae.[1]

Espécies

Referências

  1. «Cardiocondyla». Sistema Global de Informação sobre Biodiversidade (em inglês). Consultado em 5 de agosto de 2019
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Cardiocondyla: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Cardiocondyla é um gênero de insetos, pertencente a família Formicidae.

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Cardiocondyla ( Vietnamese )

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Cardiocondyla là một chi kiến thuộc họ Formicidae.

Các chi có họ hàng gần là Leptothorax, StereomyrmexRomblonella.

Các loài

Xem thêm

Chú thích

Tham khảo

  • Emery, C. 1869: Enumerazione dei Formicidi che rinvengonsi nei contorni di Napoli. Annali dell'Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturalisti, (2)2: 1-26.
  • Collingwood. 1985: Hymenoptera: Fam. Formicidae of Saudi Arabia. Động vật Saudi Arabia, 7: 230-302.
  • Rigato. 2002: Three new Afrotropical Cardiocondyla Emery, with a revised key to the workers (Hymenoptera Formicidae). Bollettino della Societa Entomologica Italiana, 134(2): 167-173.
  • Bolton, B. 2003: Synopsis and classification of Formicidae. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute, 71: 1-370.
  • Seifert, B. 2003: The ant genus Cardiocondyla (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Formicidae) - a taxonomic revision of the C. elegans, C. bulgarica, C. batesii, C. nuda, C. shuckardi, C. stambuloffii, C. wroughtonii, C. emeryi and C. minutior species groups. Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien, 104B: 203-338. PDF
  • Heinze J., Cremer S., Eckl N. & Schrempf A. 2006: Stealthy invaders: the biology of Cardiocondyla tramp ants. Insectes sociaux, 53(1): 1-7. doi:10.1007/s00040-005-0847-4.

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Cardiocondyla

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Cardiocondyla: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Cardiocondyla là một chi kiến thuộc họ Formicidae.

Các chi có họ hàng gần là Leptothorax, StereomyrmexRomblonella.

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Cardiocondyla ( Russian )

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 src=
Рабочий муравей Cardiocondyla emeryi

Cardiocondylaрод мелких муравьёв (Formicidae) из подсемейства Myrmicinae.

Распространение

Всесветное, но главным образом, в тропиках Старого Света. Три вида распространились с человеческой коммерцией наиболее широко в тропиках: C. nuda и C. emeryi и C. nuda[2].

Описание

Мелкие стройные муравьи (длина около 3—4 мм) с двумя короткими шипиками на заднеспинке. Представители рода внешне сходны с муравьями родов Leptothorax, Stereomyrmex и Romblonella. Кроме крылатых известны также и бескрылые самцы, ведущие конкурентную борьбу друг с другом (с летальным исходом) за молодых самок в материнском гнезде[3][4]. Гнёзда в почве. Семьи состоят из одной самки и нескольких сотен рабочих[2].

Классификация

Около 70 видов. В Палеарктике около 30 видов, в России отмечены более 5 видов (koshewnikovi, mauritanica, sahlbergi, stambuloffii, ulianini)[5]. Род относится к трибе Formicoxenini. В 1996 году А. Г. Радченко установил для Палеарктики 5 видовых групп: Cardiocondyla elegans (2 вида, +включая bogdanovi), C. stambuloffii (2, +koshewnikovi), C. batesii (4), C. nuda (1) и C. emeryi (1)[2].

Примечания

  1. Emery, C. 1869: Enumerazione dei Formicidi che rinvengonsi nei contorni di Napoli. Annali dell'Accademia degli Aspiranti Naturalisti, (2)2: 1-26.
  2. 1 2 3 Radchenko, A. G. 1996. Palaearctic Ants of the genus Cardiocondyla (Hymenoptera, Formicidae). Entomol. Rev. 75(7): 99—109 (оригинал на рус.яз.: Энтомологическое обозрение, 74, №2: 447—455).
  3. Jan Oettler, Masaki Suefuji, Jürgen Heinze. 2010.THE Evolution of alternative reproductive tactics in male Cardiocondyla ants. Evolution. Volume 64, Issue 11, pages 3310–3317, November 2010.
  4. Schrempf A., Reber C., Tinaut A., Heinze J. (2005). Inbreeding and local mate competition in the ant Cardiocondyla batesii. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 57:502-510.
  5. Aннотированный каталог перепончатокрылых насекомых России. Том I. Сидячебрюхие (Symphyta) и жалоносные (Apocrita: Aculeata) / Белокобыльский С. А., Лелей А. С. (ред.) и др. — Санкт-Петербург: Зоологический институт РАН, 2017. — Т. 321 (Труды ЗИН РАН. Приложение 6). — С. 197—210 (203). — 476 с. — 300 экз.ISBN 978-5-98092-062-3.
  6. 1 2 3 Bernhard Seifert, Ichiro Okita, Jürgen Heinze. (2017). A taxonomic revision of the Cardiocondyla nuda group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Zootaxa. Vol 4290, No 2: 324–356.
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Cardiocondyla: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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 src= Рабочий муравей Cardiocondyla emeryi

Cardiocondyla — род мелких муравьёв (Formicidae) из подсемейства Myrmicinae.

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