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Grassland Pricklypear

Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm.

Comments

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Opuntia macrorhiza hybridizes with the hexaploid O. engelmannii (apparently var. lindheimeri) forming the pentaploid O. ×edwardsii V. E. Grant & K. A. Grant. This hybrid is a small subshrub, 20-40 cm, with a mixture of widely spaced, unequal glochids and closely spaced, shorter glochids. Its major spines are gray, and its tepals are yellow or yellow with red bases. Those characteristics are similar to one parent or the intermediate of the two putative parents reported from Blanco and Guadalupe counties, central Texas.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 4: 131 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Shrubs, forming clumps, 7.5-16 cm, sometimes from tuberlike rootstocks. Stem segments not easily detached, dark dull green, often cross wrinkled when stressed, flattened, obovate to circular, 5-11 × 3.5-7.5 cm, fleshy (to flabby and cross wrinkled when stressed), tuberculate, glaucous; areoles 5-6(-8) per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval to subcircular, 2-4 mm diam.; wool tan. Spines (0-)1-4 per areole, usually in distal areoles, erect to spreading, white to red-brown, acicular, straight, terete or 1 flattened, ± stout (0.5 mm diam. at base), longest to 60 mm. Glochids in dense tuft, pale yellow, tan to red-brown, aging brown, to 5 mm. Flowers: inner tepals yellow with red basal portions, 25-40 mm; filaments pale yellow; anthers yellow; style white; stigma lobes cream to yellowish. Fruits green to yellowish to dull red, stipitate, elongate-obovoid, 25-40 × 15-28 mm, fleshy, glabrous; areoles 16-28. Seeds tan, subcircular, 4-5 mm, thickish, warped; girdle broad, protruding to 0.5 mm. 2n = 44.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 4: 131 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
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Flora of North America Editorial Committee
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Distribution

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Ariz., Ark., Colo., Kans., Mo., N.Mex., Okla., Tex., Utah; Mexico (Chihuahua).
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 4: 131 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering late spring (May-Jun).
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 4: 131 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat

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Plains, chaparral, grassy woodlands, coniferous forests, sandy to loamy soils; 100-2300m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 4: 131 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym

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Opuntia compressa (Salisbury) J. F. Macbride var. macrorhiza (Engelmann) L. D. Benson; O. mesacantha Rafinesque var. macrorhiza (Engelmann) J. M. Coulter
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 4: 131 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
Flora of North America Editorial Committee
project
eFloras.org
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Opuntia macrorhiza ( German )

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Opuntia macrorhiza ist eine Pflanzenart in der Gattung der Opuntien (Opuntia) aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton macrorhiza leitet sich von den griechischen Worten μακρός (macros) für „groß“ und ρίζα (rhiza) für „Wurzel“ ab und verweist auf die großen Wurzeln der Art. Englische Trivialnamen sind „Delicate Prickly Pear“, „Plains Prickly Pear“, „Starvation Prickly Pear“ und „Tuberous-Rooted Prickly Pear“.

Beschreibung

Opuntia macrorhiza wächst strauchig und bildet niedrige Polster, die eine Wuchshöhe von bis zu 13 Zentimetern und eine Breite von 2 Metern erreichen. Die fleischigen, rübigen Wurzeln erreichen Durchmesser von bis zu 7,5 Zentimetern. Die runden bis länglichen Triebabschnitte sind graugrün bis blaugrün. Sie sind 5 bis 10 Zentimeter lang, 5 bis 6 Zentimeter breit und bis 1,2 Zentimeter dick. Die verlängert konischen Laubblätter sind bis zu 7,5 Millimeter lang. Die 1 bis 2 Zentimeter auseinanderstehenden Areolen tragen gelbe oder braune, bis 3 Millimeter lange Glochiden. Die 1 bis 6 hauptsächlich den oberen Areolen entspringenden Dornen sind weiß bis grau bis bräunlich. Sie sind meist zurückgebogen, gerade bis leicht gebogen und zwischen 3,8 und 5,6 Zentimeter lang. Die 5 bis 6 Zentimeter langen Blüten sind gelb mit einer roten Basis bis rötlich. Die violetten bis rötlich-violetten, fleischigen Früchte sind verkehrt eiförmig. Sie sind 2,5 bis 4 Zentimeter lang und weisen Durchmesser von 2,5 bis 3 Zentimeter auf.

Verbreitung, Systematik und Gefährdung

Opuntia macrorhiza ist im mittleren Westen und im Südwesten der Vereinigten Staaten in Höhenlagen von 600 bis 2100 Metern verbreitet. Die Erstbeschreibung wurde 1850 von George Engelmann veröffentlicht.[1]

In der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN wird die Art als „Least Concern (LC)“, d. h. als nicht gefährdet geführt. Die Entwicklung der Populationen wird als stabil angesehen.[2]

Verwendung

Die Ramah-Navajo verwenden Dornen von Opuntia macrorhiza um Infektionen auf der Haut aufzustechen und sie benutzen geröstete Triebabschnitte um ein Gleitmittel herzustellen, dass bei der Geburt eingesetzt wird.

Nachweise

Literatur

Einzelnachweise

  1. In: Asa Gray: Plantae Lindheimerianae, Part II. In:: Boston Journal of Natural History. Band 6, Boston (MA) 1850, S. 206 (online).
  2. Opuntia macrorhiza in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2014.3. Eingestellt von: Heil, K., Terry, M. & Corral-Díaz, R., 2013. Abgerufen am 4. Januar 2015.

Weiterführende Literatur

  • Kathleen H. Keeler, Brigitte Tenhumberg: Population Dynamics of the Western Prickly Pear, Opuntia macrorhiza (Cactaceae). In: The Southwestern Naturalist. Band 56, Nummer 2, 2011, S. 147–153 (doi:10.1894/F02-JB-17.1).

Weblinks

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Opuntia macrorhiza: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Opuntia macrorhiza ist eine Pflanzenart in der Gattung der Opuntien (Opuntia) aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton macrorhiza leitet sich von den griechischen Worten μακρός (macros) für „groß“ und ρίζα (rhiza) für „Wurzel“ ab und verweist auf die großen Wurzeln der Art. Englische Trivialnamen sind „Delicate Prickly Pear“, „Plains Prickly Pear“, „Starvation Prickly Pear“ und „Tuberous-Rooted Prickly Pear“.

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Opuntia macrorhiza

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Opuntia macrorhiza is a common and widespread species of cactus with the common names plains pricklypear or prairie pricklypear or western pricklypear. It is found throughout the Great Plains of the United States, from Texas to Minnesota, and west into the Rocky Mountain states to New Mexico, Utah, and perhaps Idaho, with sporadic populations in the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys.[3] It is also reported from northern Mexico in the states of Chihuahua, Sonora, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Durango, Tamaulipas, and San Luís Potosí.[4][5][6], though all Arizona and Mexican records should be considered with caution due to confusion with other similar species. The species is cultivated as an ornamental in other locations.

The species prefers well-drained, sandy or gravelly soils, mostly in grassland areas. It is one of the shorter species of the genus, rarely over 30 cm (1 foot) tall, spreading horizontally and forming wide clumps. Flowers are showy and bright yellow, often with red markings near the base of the petals. Fruits are narrow, red, juicy and edible.[7]

Subdivisions

Some subspecies and varieties have proposed within the species. None are accepted by Plants of the World Online as of October 2022,[2] which treats Opuntia macrorhiza subsp. pottsii (Salm-Dyck) U.Guzmán & Mandujano and Opuntia macrorhiza var. pottsii (Salm-Dyck) L.D.Benson as the separate species Opuntia pottsii.[8]

References

  1. ^ Heil, K., Terry, M. & Corral-Díaz, R. 2017. Opuntia macrorhiza (amended version of 2013 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T152371A121590513. Retrieved 16 September 2021.
  2. ^ a b c "Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 2022-10-17.
  3. ^ United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile
  4. ^ Encyclopedia of Life
  5. ^ Biota of North America Program, 2014 county distribution map
  6. ^ SEINet, Southwestern Biodiversity, Arizona chapter photos, description, distribution map
  7. ^ Flora of North America, Opuntia macrorhiza Engelmann, 1850. Western pricklypear
  8. ^ "Opuntia pottsii Salm-Dyck", Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 2022-10-18

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Opuntia macrorhiza: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Opuntia macrorhiza is a common and widespread species of cactus with the common names plains pricklypear or prairie pricklypear or western pricklypear. It is found throughout the Great Plains of the United States, from Texas to Minnesota, and west into the Rocky Mountain states to New Mexico, Utah, and perhaps Idaho, with sporadic populations in the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys. It is also reported from northern Mexico in the states of Chihuahua, Sonora, Coahuila, Nuevo León, Durango, Tamaulipas, and San Luís Potosí., though all Arizona and Mexican records should be considered with caution due to confusion with other similar species. The species is cultivated as an ornamental in other locations.

The species prefers well-drained, sandy or gravelly soils, mostly in grassland areas. It is one of the shorter species of the genus, rarely over 30 cm (1 foot) tall, spreading horizontally and forming wide clumps. Flowers are showy and bright yellow, often with red markings near the base of the petals. Fruits are narrow, red, juicy and edible.

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Opuntia macrorhiza ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Opuntia macrorhiza es una especie perteneciente a la familia Cactaceae nativa de Norteamérica.

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Características

Cactus de crecimiento arbustivo ligeramente postrado, puede alcanzar los 35 cm de altura. Como todas las opuntias, presenta segmentos suculentos aplanados de forma entre redonda a oval que miden unos 10 o 15 cm de largo. Las areolas en los segmentos están formadas por unos cojincillos de pequeñas cerdas amarillas gloquidios con 1 a 6 espinas en forma de aguja inclinada hacia abajo. Flores de 5 a 7,5 cm de diámetro, de color amarillo, 8-12 pétalos con numerosos estambres también amarillos. Florece de junio a julio y el fruto, de color rojo y pulposo, madura a finales de verano.

Taxonomía

Opuntia macrorhiza fue descrita por George Engelmann y publicado en Boston Journal of Natural History 6(2): 206. 1850.[1]

Etimología

Opuntia: nombre genérico que proviene del griego usado por Plinio el Viejo para una planta que creció alrededor de la ciudad de Opus en Grecia.[2]

macrorhiza: epíteto latino que significa "con grandes raíces".[3]

Sinonimia
  • Opuntia compressa var. macrorhiza (Engelm.) L.D. Benson
  • Opuntia mesacantha var. macrorhiza (Engelm.) J.M. Coult.
  • Opuntia grandiflora Engelm.
  • Opuntia mesacantha var. greenii J.M. Coult.
  • Opuntia macrorhiza var. greenii (J.M. Coult.) Bulot
  • Opuntia stenochila Engelmann & Bigelow
  • Opuntia mesacantha var. stenochila (Engelmann & Bigelow) Coulter

Referencias

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Opuntia macrorhiza: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Opuntia macrorhiza es una especie perteneciente a la familia Cactaceae nativa de Norteamérica.

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Opuntia macrorhiza ( Italian )

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Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm., 1850 è una pianta succulenta della famiglia delle Cactacee[1].

Distribuzione e habitat

È diffusa nella regione delle Grandi Pianure negli Stati Uniti (Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Colorado, Arkansas, Nuovo Messico, Texas, Arizona, e Utah) e nel Messico settentrionale (Chihuahua).

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Opuntia macrorhiza, su Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL consultato il 13 marzo 2022.

Bibliografia

  • (EN) Anderson, E. F. 2001. The cactus family. (Cact Fam)
  • (EN) Britton, N. L. & J. N. Rose. 1937. The Cactaceae, descriptions and illustrations of plants of the cactus family. (Cact Britton & Rose)

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Opuntia macrorhiza: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Opuntia macrorhiza Engelm., 1850 è una pianta succulenta della famiglia delle Cactacee.

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Opuntia macrorhiza ( Vietnamese )

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Opuntia macrorhiza là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cactaceae. Loài này được Engelm. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1850.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Opuntia macrorhiza. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 8 năm 2013.

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Opuntia macrorhiza: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Opuntia macrorhiza là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cactaceae. Loài này được Engelm. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1850.

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