Comments
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This species is used medicinally.
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Comments
provided by eFloras
The only collections of
Phytolacca acinosa we have seen from the flora are those made by Hugh H. Iltis and others at Olin Park in Madison, Wisconsin (WISC; three collections, the earliest 1971, the latest 1986, photographs 1996). The plants were reported to be scattered to abundant, with many seedlings or young plants of all sizes, and were found in deep shade in a deciduous forest where the species had persisted for about 25 years.
J. W. Nowicke (1968) referred to the one-seeded fruits of Phytolacca acinosa as drupelets.
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Description
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Herbs perennial, glabrous, 0.5-1.5 m tall. Roots obconic, thick, fleshy. Stems erect, green or reddish purple, terete, longitudinally grooved, fleshy, branched. Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, 10-30 × 4.5-15 cm, papery, base cuneate, apex acuminate or sharply pointed. Racemes erect, terete, usually shorter than leaves, densely flowered; peduncle 1-4 cm. Pedicel 6-10(-13) mm. Flowers bisexual, ca. 8 mm in diam. Tepals 5, white or yellowish green, elliptic, ovate, or oblong, 3-4 × ca. 2 mm, equal, after anthesis reflexed. Stamens 8-10, ca. as long as tepals; filaments persistent, white, subulate, base broad; anthers pink, elliptic. Carpels usually 8, distinct. Styles erect, short, apex curved. Infructescence erect. Berry purplish black when mature, oblate, ca. 7 mm in diam. Seeds reniform, ca. 3 mm, 3-angulate, smooth. Fl. May-Aug, fr. Jun-Oct. 2n = 18, 36*, 72.
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Description
provided by eFloras
Plants to 1.5(-3) m. Leaves: petiole 1-7 cm, sometimes obscure; blade elliptic, often broadly so, to lanceolate-elliptic, to 35 × 19 cm, base cuneate, apex acuminate. Racemes dense, erect at least in flower and young fruit, 5-30 cm; peduncle to 5 cm; pedicel 6-13 mm, sometimes obscure. Flowers: sepals 5, white or greenish white, elliptic to oblong, equal to subequal, 3-4 mm; stamens 7-10, in 1 whorl; carpels 7-8, distinct. Achenes black, 4 mm, smooth to somewhat rugose; pericarp firmly adherent to seed.
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
introduced; Wis.; Asia.
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang [Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Sikkim, Vietnam].
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Distribution
provided by eFloras
Himalaya (Kashmir to NEFA), Assam, Laos, W. China.
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Elevation Range
provided by eFloras
2200-3200 m
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Flowering/Fruiting
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Flowering summer-fall.
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Habitat
provided by eFloras
Valleys, hillsides, forest understories, forest margins, roadsides, cultivated beside houses, moist fertile lands, or a weed; 500-3400 m.
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Habitat
provided by eFloras
Woods; 300m.
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Synonym
provided by eFloras
Phytolacca esculenta Van Houtte; P. pekinensis Hance.
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Cyclicity
provided by Plants of Tibet
Flowering from May to August; fruiting from June to October.
Diagnostic Description
provided by Plants of Tibet
Phytolacca acinosa is close relative of Phytolacca polyandra, but differs from the latter in its distinct (vs. connate) carpels, 8-10 (vs. 12-16) stamens, green or white (vs. pink) carpels.
Distribution
provided by Plants of Tibet
Phytolacca acinosa is Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Shandong, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang, Yunnan, Zhejiang of China, Bhutan, India, Japan, Korea, Myanmar, Sikkim, Vietnam.
General Description
provided by Plants of Tibet
Herbs perennial, glabrous, 0.5-1.5 m tall. Roots obconic, thick, fleshy. Stems erect, green or reddish purple, terete, longitudinally grooved, fleshy, branched. Petiole 1.5-3 cm; leaf blade elliptic or lanceolate-elliptic, 10-30 cm long, 4.5-15 cm wide, papery, base cuneate, apex acuminate or sharply pointed. Racemes erect, terete, usually shorter than leaves, densely flowered; peduncle 1-4 cm. Pedicel 6-10 mm. Flowers bisexual, ca. 8 mm in diameter. Tepals 5, white or yellowish green, elliptic, ovate, or oblong, 3-4 mm long, ca. 2 mm broad, equal, after anthesis reflexed. Stamens 8-10, ca. as long as tepals; filaments persistent, white, subulate, base broad; anthers pink, elliptic. Carpels usually 8, distinct. Styles erect, short, apex curved. Infructescence erect. Berry purplish black when mature, oblate, ca. 7 mm in diameter. Seeds reniform, ca. 3 mm, 3-angulate, smooth.
Genetics
provided by Plants of Tibet
The chromosomal number of Phytolacca acinosa 2n = 36, 72 (Ge et al., 1988; Kabu et al., 1989).
Habitat
provided by Plants of Tibet
Growing in valleys, hillsides, forest understories, forest margins, roadsides, cultivated beside houses, moist fertile lands, or a weed; 500-3400 m.
Uses
provided by Plants of Tibet
Phytolacca acinosa was used medicinally.
Phytolacca acinosa
provided by wikipedia EN
Phytolacca acinosa, the Indian pokeweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Phytolaccaceae.[2] It is native to temperate eastern Asia; the Himalayas, most of China, Vietnam to Japan, and has been widely introduced to Europe.[1] The species was originally described by William Roxburgh in 1814.[3][2]
Range
When the species was originally described it was considered a plant located to Nepal.[3] Currently, the plant is considered native to countries surrounding the Himalayas and introduced to large parts of Europe and parts of the United States (Wisconsin).[1]
Uses
As a wild food
The young shoots of Indian pokeweed are cooked and eaten by the Gurung people of western Nepal.[4] They are harvested in June and July.
Similar species (look-a-likes)
Due to overlap in diagnostic feature Phytolacca acinosa can be confused with Phytolacca americana, Phytolacca latbenia or Phytolacca polyandra.[5]
Natural products
Phytolacca acinosa is the source of four Flavones,[6] four, oleanane derivatives [7] and six Triterpenoid saponins[8]
Flavones
Triterpenoid saponins
References
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^ a b c "Phytolacca acinosa Roxb". Plants of the World Online. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved 15 June 2021.
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^ a b "Phytolacca acinosa Roxb". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-06-11.
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^ a b Carey, William, 1761-1834; Roxburgh, William, 1751-1815; Calcutta Royal Botanic Garden (1814), Hortus Bengalensis, or a Catalogue of the Plants Growing in the Hounourable East India Company's Botanical Garden at Calcutta (PDF), Wikidata Q16575978
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) -
^ Khakurel, Dhruba; Uprety, Yadav; Łuczaj, Łukasz; Rajbhandary, Sangeeta (2021-10-21). "Foods from the wild: Local knowledge, use pattern and distribution in Western Nepal". PLOS ONE. 16 (10): e0258905. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0258905. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 8530312. PMID 34673823.
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^ "Phytolacca acinosa | Manual of the Alien Plants of Belgium". alienplantsbelgium.be. Retrieved 2021-07-24.
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^ Xiao-Pan Ma; Wen-Fang Zhang; Ping Yi; Jun-Jie Lan; Bin Xia; Sai Jiang; Hua-Yong Lou; Wei-Dong Pan (30 September 2017). "Novel Flavones from the Root of Phytolacca acinosa Roxb". Chemistry and Biodiversity. 14 (12). doi:10.1002/CBDV.201700361. ISSN 1612-1872. PMID 28963759. Wikidata Q47894904.
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^ T.K. Razdan; S. Harkar; V. Kachroo; G.L. Koul; E.S. Waight (25 July 2002). "Triterpenoids from Phytolacca acinosa, three oleanane derivatives". Phytochemistry. 22 (8): 1797–1800. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)80274-5. ISSN 0031-9422. Wikidata Q104950731.
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^ Jiao He; Jie Ma; Dao-Wan Lai; Yong-min Zhang; Wen-Ji Sun (9 August 2011). "A new triterpenoid saponin from the roots of Phytolacca acinosa". Natural Product Research. 25 (18): 1771–1775. doi:10.1080/14786419.2010.535155. ISSN 1478-6419. PMID 21827284. Wikidata Q45204476.
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Phytolacca acinosa: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Phytolacca acinosa, the Indian pokeweed, is a species of flowering plant in the family Phytolaccaceae. It is native to temperate eastern Asia; the Himalayas, most of China, Vietnam to Japan, and has been widely introduced to Europe. The species was originally described by William Roxburgh in 1814.
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