dcsimg

Description

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Shrubs, erect or scrambling, or sometimes woody climbers. Trunk winged. Stems, branchlets, and leaf rachises usually with prickles. Rachis of inflorescences and abaxial surface of leaflet blades glabrous or hirsutulous. Leaves (3 or)5-11-foliolate; petiolules obsolete or to 5 mm; leaflet blades opposite, broadly ovate, subcordate, elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or rarely ovate, 3-12 × 1.5-6(-8) cm, leathery, secondary and tertiary veins abaxially ridged when dry, margin crenate at least toward apex or entire, apex acuminate to caudate with a retuse tip. Inflorescences axillary. Flowers 4-merous. Perianth in 2 series. Sepals ca. 1 mm wide, apically purplish green. Petals pale yellowish green, ovate-elliptic to oblong, ca. 3 mm. Stamens in male flowers 5-6 mm; mature anthers ellipsoid to globose. Petals in female flowers broader than those in male flowers. Gynoecium in female flowers 4-carpelled; carpels globose. Styles stout, coherent at anthesis; stigma capitate. Fruit pedicel 2-5 mm; follicles reddish brown, (5-)5.5-7 mm in diam., apex beaked. Fl. Mar-May, fr. Sep-Nov or May.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 54, 55, 59 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Distribution

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Nepal, Assam, Andaman Isl., Burma, Indo-China, Taiwan, W. Malaysia.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
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K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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Distribution

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Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, S and SE Guizhou, Hainan, S Hunan, Taiwan, Yunnan, S Zhejiang [India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia, SW Pacific islands].
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copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 54, 55, 59 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Elevation Range

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2700 m
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
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K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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Habitat

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Below 800 m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 11: 54, 55, 59 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Zanthoxylum nitidum

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Main stem

Zanthoxylum nitidum, commonly known as shiny-leaf prickly-ash,[3] tez-mui (in Assamese)[4] or liang mian zhen (in China),[5] is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. It is a woody climber with prickles on the branchlets, thick, cone-shaped spines on the trunk and older branches, pinnate leaves with five to nine leaflets, and panicles or racemes of white to pale yellow, male or female flowers in leaf axils and on the ends of branchlets.

Description

Zanthoxylum nitidum is a woody climber with curved prickles on the branchlets and thick, cone-shaped spines on the trunk and older branches. The leaves are pinnate, 100–340 mm (3.9–13.4 in) long with five to nine egg-shaped to elliptical leaflets. The leaflets are 45–100 mm (1.8–3.9 in) long and 20–50 mm (0.79–1.97 in) wide, the side leaflets sessile or on a petiolule up to 3 mm (0.12 in) long and the end leaflet on a petiolule 7–40 mm (0.28–1.57 in) long. The flowers are arranged in leaf axils or on the ends of branchlets in panicles or racemes up to 80 mm (3.1 in) long, each flower on a pedicel 1–1.5 mm (0.039–0.059 in) long. The four sepals are 0.5–0.8 mm (0.020–0.031 in) long and the four petals white or pale yellow, and 2–3 mm (0.079–0.118 in) long. The flowers are either functionally male or female, the male flowers with four stamens about 3.5 mm (0.14 in) long and four sterile, finger-like carpels. The female flowers lack stamens and have four carpels 1.5–2 mm (0.059–0.079 in) long. Flowering occurs from September to October and the fruit is a more or less spherical, red or brown follicle 5–7 mm (0.20–0.28 in) long.[6][7]

Taxonomy

Shiny-leaf prickly-ash was first formally described in 1824 by William Roxburgh who gave it the name Fagara nitida and published the description in Flora Indica, or, descriptions of Indian plants.[8] In 1824, de Candolle changed the name to Zanthoxylum nitidum in his book, Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis.[9][10]

Distribution

Zanthoxylum nitidum is found in India, South China, southeast Asia, and northern Australia. In Australia it grows in rainforest from sea level to an altitude of 400 m (1,300 ft) from the Daintree River south to Rockingham Bay.[4][6]

Uses

Zanxthoxylum nitidum is used as an insecticide and a piscicide.[4]

In India and Nepal, the fruits are used as a condiment.[11] However, the roots, leaves and fruit are poisonous, with as little as 40g of leaves considered to be a lethal dose.[12]

Zanthoxylum nitidum is one several species of Zanthoxylum that are used in traditional medicine in various parts of the world.

Chemical constituents

The plant contains the chemical compounds nitidine, toddalolactone, and chelerythrine.[13][14]

The essential oil, at least from some varieties, contains limonene and geraniol.[11]

References

  1. ^ Botanic Gardens Conservation International (BGCI) & IUCN SSC Global Tree Specialist Group (2019). "Zanthoxylum nitidum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T145825034A145825036. Retrieved 23 February 2023.
  2. ^ a b "Zanthoxylum nitidum". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  3. ^ "Zanthoxylum nitidum". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 23 January 2018.
  4. ^ a b c Bhattacharya, Sanjib; Zaman, M. Kamaruz; Ghosh, Ashoke K. (2009). "Histological and Physico-chemical Evaluation of Zanthoxylum nitidum Stem Bark". Ethnobotanical Leaflets. 13: 540.
  5. ^ "Zanthoxylum nitidum". Flora of China. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  6. ^ a b Hartley, Thomas G. (2013). Annette J.G. Wilson (ed.). Flora of Australia (Volume 26). Canberra: Australian Biological Resources Study. p. 75. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  7. ^ F.A.Zich; B.P.M.Hyland; T.Whiffen; R.A.Kerrigan (2020). "Zanthoxylum nitidum". Australian Tropical Rainforest Plants Edition 8 (RFK8). Centre for Australian National Biodiversity Research (CANBR), Australian Government. Retrieved 29 June 2021.
  8. ^ "Fagara nitida". APNI. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  9. ^ "Zanthoxylum nitidum". APNI. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
  10. ^ de Candolle, Augustin P. (1824). Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis. Paris: Sumptibus Sociorum Treuttel et Würtz,1824-73. p. 727. Retrieved 18 August 2020.
  11. ^ a b Bhattacharya, Sanjib and Kamaruz Zaman. (2009). Essential oil composition of fruits and leaves of Zanthoxylum nitidum grown in upper Assam region of India. Pharmacognosy Research 1:3 148-51.
  12. ^ "Atlas of Poisonous Plants in Hong Kong - A Clinical Toxicology Perspective 香港有毒植物圖鑑 - 臨床毒理學透視".
  13. ^ Jing, C., Qun, X., and J. Rohrer. (2012). Determination of nitidine chloride, toddalolactone, and chelerythrine chloride by HPLC Thermo Fisher Scientific.
  14. ^ Zhang, S; Yao, Y; Liu, C (2001). "Determination of nitidine in different parts of Zanthoxylum nitidum". Zhong Yao Cai (in Chinese). 24 (9): 649–50. PMID 11799776.
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Zanthoxylum nitidum: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN
Main stem

Zanthoxylum nitidum, commonly known as shiny-leaf prickly-ash, tez-mui (in Assamese) or liang mian zhen (in China), is a species of flowering plant in the family Rutaceae. It is a woody climber with prickles on the branchlets, thick, cone-shaped spines on the trunk and older branches, pinnate leaves with five to nine leaflets, and panicles or racemes of white to pale yellow, male or female flowers in leaf axils and on the ends of branchlets.

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Zanthoxylum nitidum ( French )

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Zanthoxylum nitidum est une espèce de plantes (arbuste) de la famille des Rutaceae (agrumes). L'espèce est présente en Asie du Sud-Est et en Océanie. Elle est surnommée "shiny-leaf prickly-ash" en anglais et liang mian zhen (两面针) en chinois[1].

Description

Il s'agit d'un arbuste dressé ou grimpant. Le tronc et les branches sont épineux. Les feuilles sont pennées, mesurent entre 10 et 34 cm de long et comportent entre 5 et 9 folioles. Les fleurs forment des grappes ou des panicules situées à l'aisselle des feuilles ou à l'extrémité des branches. Elles comportent quatre pétales blancs ou jaune pâle et sont soit mâles, soit femelles. La plante est dioïque mais certains spécimens sont monoïque[2]. La floraison a lieu de septembre à octobre. Le fruit est plus ou moins sphérique, rouge ou brun, et mesure entre 5 et 7 mm de long.

Systématique

L'espèce a été décrite par le naturaliste anglais William Roxburgh puis reclassée dans le genre Zanthoxylum par le botaniste suisse Augustin Pyrame de Candolle en 1824[3].

Synonymes

Écologie

Zanthoxylum nitidum vit principalement dans des régions au climat tropical mais on le trouve aussi dans des régions subtropicales. L'espèce est présente en Inde, dans l'Himalaya, en Indochine, en Chine, à Taïwan, dans les îles Ryukyu, dans la région Indo-pacifique, en Nouvelle-Guinée et dans le nord de l'Australie. La plante pousse dans les forêts tropicales humides et dans les taillis, jusqu'à 1400 m d'altitude[2].

Utilisation

Zanthoxylum nitidum est utilisé comme insecticide et piscicide[4]. En Inde et au Népal les fruits servent de condiments[5]. Cependant les racines, les feuilles et les fruits sont toxiques, 40g de feuilles fraiches constituant déjà une dose létale. L'empoisonnement provoque vertiges, vomissures et diarrhée[6].

La plante est utilisée en médecine traditionnelle, après préparation: la racine est anodyne, antiphlogistique, carminative, dépurative, emmenagogue et fébrifuge. Elle est utilisée en décoction ou en macération alcoolique dans le traitement contre la fièvre, les rhumatismes, les maux de dents, les maux d'estomac et contre les furoncles.

Une décoction à base de branches feuillues est considérée comme rafraichissante, désinfectante et antitussive. La résine tirée du bois, en particulier celle des racines, est puissamment stimulante et tonique. Le fruit est considéré comme anthelmique, astringent, carminatif, diaphorique, fébrifuge, stomachique et comme un stimulant aromatique. Pris sous forme de décoction ou de poudre il est prescrit pour soigner les problèmes digestifs[2].

La plante est utilisée en Chine pour faire des haies et le bois sert également à fabriquer des tuyaux de pipe[2].

Notes et références

  1. (en) Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland., « Zanthoxylum nitidum », sur National Plant Germplasm System, 2021 (consulté le 28 novembre 2021)
  2. a b c et d (en) Ken Fern, « Zanthoxylum nitidum », sur Tropical Plants Database (consulté le 28 novembre 2021)
  3. Pyrame de Candolle, Prodr. 1:727. 1824
  4. (en) Bhattacharya, Sanjib; Zaman, M. Kamaruz; Ghosh, Ashoke K., « Histological and Physico-chemical Evaluation of Zanthoxylum nitidum Stem Bark », Ethnobotanical Leaflets, no 13: 540,‎ 2009 (28 novembre 2021)
  5. (en) Bhattacharya, Sanjib and Kamaruz Zaman, « Essential oil composition of fruits and leaves of Zanthoxylum nitidum grown in upper Assam region of India », Pharmacognosy Research, no 1:3,‎ 2009, p. 148-151
  6. (en) « Zanthoxylum nitidum », sur Atlas of toxic plant in Hong Kong (consulté le 28 novembre 2021)

Voir aussi

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wikipedia FR

Zanthoxylum nitidum: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Zanthoxylum nitidum est une espèce de plantes (arbuste) de la famille des Rutaceae (agrumes). L'espèce est présente en Asie du Sud-Est et en Océanie. Elle est surnommée "shiny-leaf prickly-ash" en anglais et liang mian zhen (两面针) en chinois.

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Xuyên tiêu ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI
Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Sẻn.

Xuyên tiêu[3][4] hay còn gọi sẻn,[4] sang,[4] sang láng,[4] đắng cay, hoàng liệt,[4] chứ xá (tiếng H'Mông) (danh pháp khoa học: Zanthoxylum nitidum) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cửu lý hương. Loài này được (Roxb.) DC. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1824.[5]


Phân bố

Mọc ở độ cao dưới 800 m. Phân bố tại Australia, Ấn Độ, Đài Loan, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanma, Nepal, New Guinea, Nhật Bản (quần đảo Lưu Cầu), Philippines, Thái Lan, Trung Quốc (Phúc Kiến, Quảng Đông, Quảng Tây, nam và đông nam Quý Châu, Hải Nam, nam Hồ Nam, Vân Nam, nam Chiết Giang), Việt Nam, các đảo tây nam Thái Bình Dương[6].

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Bhattacharya, S., Zaman, M. Kamaruz, and Ghosh, Ashoke K. (2009). Histological and physico-chemical evaluation of Zanthoxylum nitidum stem bark. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13 540-47.
  2. ^ Bhattacharya, Sanjib and M. Kamaruz Zaman. (2009). Pharmacognostical evaluation of Zanthoxylum nitidum bark. International Journal of PharmTech Research 1:2 292-98.
  3. ^ Nguyễn Tiến Bân, Nguyễn Quốc Bình, Vũ Văn Cẩn, Lê Mộng Chân, Nguyễn Ngọc Chính, Vũ Văn Dũng, Nguyễn Văn Dư, Trần Đình Đại, Nguyễn Kim Đào, Nguyễn Thị Đỏ, Nguyễn Hữu Hiến, Nguyễn Đình Hưng, Dương Đức Huyến, Nguyễn Đăng Khôi, Nguyễn Khắc Khôi, Trần Kim Liên, Vũ Xuân Phương, Hoàng Thị Sản, Nguyễn Văn Tập, Nguyễn Nghĩa Thìn; Tên cây rừng Việt Nam; Nhà xuất bản Nông nghiệp - 2000; Trang 161.
  4. ^ a ă â b c Phạm Hoàng Hộ; Cây cỏ Việt Nam - tập 2; Nhà xuất bản Trẻ - 1999; Trang 410.
  5. ^ The Plant List (2010). Zanthoxylum nitidum. Truy cập ngày 12 tháng 6 năm 2013.
  6. ^ Zanthoxylum nitidum trên e-flora.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết phân họ thực vật Rutoideae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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wikipedia VI

Xuyên tiêu: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI
Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Sẻn.

Xuyên tiêu hay còn gọi sẻn, sang, sang láng, đắng cay, hoàng liệt, chứ xá (tiếng H'Mông) (danh pháp khoa học: Zanthoxylum nitidum) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cửu lý hương. Loài này được (Roxb.) DC. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1824.


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两面针 ( Chinese )

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二名法 Zanthoxylum nitidum

兩面針學名Zanthoxylum nitidum英文名稱:Shiny-leaved Prickly Ash、Glittering prickly ash.[4][5],別稱蔓椒山椒花椒崖椒豬椒胡根黃根苦參雙面竻雙面刺雙面針兩背針滿面針七支針釘板刺鞋底刺鉤刺藤麻藥藤上山虎下山虎出山虎入山虎鳥不宿鳥踏刺馬藥子白馬屎牽牛刺古月根哈郎喝鷂婆竻鱟殼刺刺刁根草鞋刺鞋底簕金牛公山胡椒胡椒簕紅椒簕土花椒野花椒花椒刺光葉花椒高山花椒山胡椒刺入地金牛葉下穿針紅倒鉤簕大葉椒簕大葉貓枝簕大葉貓爪簕疏刺兩面針紅心刺刁根[2][4][5][6][7][8][9],為芸香科花椒屬植物[4]。本種的種加詞譯義為「光亮的」,意指種子具有光澤[8][10]模式標本採自於中國廣東廣州市郊,於1812年引種至印度加爾各答植物園,1813年從加爾各答植物園的植株採下標本,其後由威廉·羅克斯堡首先發表。本種因葉中肋兩面皆有暗紫紅色的銳刺,因而有'''雙面刺'''之稱[10][11]

分佈

本種分佈於中國大陆台灣香港[12]印度[13]尼泊爾[13]安達曼島[13]中南半島[13]馬來西亞[13]等地,中國內地分佈於廣東廣西海南福建雲南湖南貴州浙江等省份[4][6][14][15],野外分佈於海拔800米以下的溫熱地帶[6],常見於丘陵、闊葉林、林緣及平地灌叢、疏林或荒山草坡的有刺灌叢之中 ,亦有人工栽培[3][4]

形態特徵

兩面針是一種常綠木質藤本植物,幼株時為直立灌木,成齡時攀緣於其它樹木之上,高可達5米[9]。主根粗壯,根外皮泥黃色,內皮硫黃色,鬆軟,支根多[6]。分枝多密集[9],老枝表面粗糙[9],有皮孔[16][17],帶有瘤刺片狀蜿蜒而上的木栓層[6][18],外形狀似鍊條 [19],黑褐色[9];嫩枝綠色或染有紫紅色[9],呈披散狀或攀緣狀[9],中肋兩面皆具彎鉤銳刺[3][18],粗大莖枝上的銳刺基部呈長橢圓形枕狀凸起,中央的針刺短且纖細,銳刺略向下彎或近勁直[14],銳刺長約1-2.5毫米[7][20]

葉為單數羽狀複葉[4],互生,長約7-15厘米[14]葉軸通常不具翼或近無翼[14][18],腹面中部以下通常不下陷,背面渾圓,兩面皆具銳刺[18],背面著生略向下彎或近勁直的鉤狀銳刺[4][3][14],銳刺長約1-2.5毫米[7];小葉片3-11枚,對生[7],卵形、闊卵形、卵狀鉅圓形、狹長橢圓形或近圓形,頂端尖至短尾尖形,頂端鈍或具微凹口[7],凹口處有油點,基部近圓形或廣楔形,微疏波狀鋸齒緣或近全緣[14],齒縫處有油點,腹面中間下陷成小溝狀[18],表面暗綠色[14],兩面無毛,硬革質有光澤,略皺摺[18],具短柄及有芳香味[10],長約3-12厘米,寬約1.5-6厘米[6],於苗期或萌生枝期小葉片可長達16-27厘米,寬約5-9厘米[6];小葉中脈平坦或稍凸起,兩面常疏生略向下彎或近勁直的銳刺[3][14][20],銳刺長約1-2.5毫米[14],側脈及支脈於兩面干後均明顯且常微凸起;小葉柄長約1[20]-5毫米,稀近於無柄。

單性花,雌雄異株或雜性[3],傘房狀圓錐花序,腋生,花序長約2-8厘米[20];花序軸及花枝披微柔毛[7][20]花梗暗紅色[8]花萼4枚,寬卵形,極小,上部紫綠色,長不及1毫米[20],寬約1毫米;花瓣4枚,淡青色[7]、淡黃白色[21]或淡黃綠色[6],長圓形、卵狀橢圓形或矩圓狀卵形,長約2-3毫米[20]雄花雄蕊4枚,略長於花瓣,長約5-6毫米,退化的心皮墊狀半球形,頂端常為4淺裂,花藥藥隔頂端有短凸尖體[7][22],於授粉期為闊橢圓形至近圓球形;雌花的花瓣較寬,無退化雄蕊或為極短小的鱗片狀體或無[7]心皮4枚;成熟心皮1-4個,紫紅色或褐紫色[7],乾時皺折及具有粗大的腺點[7],頂端呈極短的喙狀尖頭或無[7]子房圓球形,花柱粗而短,柱頭頭狀[6] [10]

蓇葖果,1-4個[20],球形,具有胡椒香味[10],紅褐色[9],成熟時暗紫紅色[6],表面有皺褶,具粗大腺點,2瓣開裂,頂端有短芒尖,直徑0.4-0.5厘米[3],單個分果瓣徑約5.5-7毫米;果梗稀較長或較短,長約2-5毫米,不超過1厘米[13],粗約1毫米[13];種子圓珠狀,邊緣呈略壓扁狀[7],漆黑色,有光澤,腹面稍平坦,背面肥厚[18],橫徑約5-7[20]毫米。[6]

用途

兩面針的種子含有18.5%油份,種子油可作為肥皂的原料[7]。本種因有治療牙痛的功效,故為製造兩面針牙膏的原料亦可作漱口水之用[23]。葉為多種鳳蝶幼蟲的食草[3][11][24]

醫藥用途

本種的乾燥根入藥,中藥名為兩面針[4],味苦、辛,性平,有小毒[25],歸肝、胃二經[9][16][17][26],功能分類為祛風濕藥[27]藥材主產於福建廣東廣西雲南台灣等地[23][25],具活血化瘀、行氣止痛、祛風化濕、解毒消腫、通絡等功效[4][23][26],主治風濕痹痛、牙痛、咽喉腫痛、胃痛、跌打腫痛、陳舊性跌打腫痛、食積腹痛、外感風熱吐瀉、毒蛇咬傷、皮炎、癰腫[9][4][23],外用可治足底砧傷、燙傷[9][22],現代藥理研究表明兩面針具鎮痛、鎮靜、解痙、抗菌、抗炎、抗腫瘤抗氧化、抗心肌缺血及保等作用[9][23],臨床應用於牙痛、頭痛、神經痛、風濕痺痛、腰腿痛、脘腹疼痛、喉痺、風濕性關節炎、外傷痛、癰瘡腫毒、毒蛇咬傷等症狀[23][26],亦可用於小手術的麻醉及止痛[23],因具毒性服用不能過量[22],根的酒精浸泡液及水提液能抑制金黃葡萄球菌溶血性鏈球菌 ,提取液作針劑注射對坐骨神經痛有明顯療效[6]。孕婦忌服[16][17][23][26],忌與酸味食物同服[9][16][17][22][26]。過量服用可引致噁心、嘔吐、腹痛、下痢等中毒症狀,或血壓升高、發癢、頭昏眼花、輕度煩躁、皮膚發紅等過敏反應,亦有服用新鮮莖葉引致心跳呼吸驟停甚至死亡的案例[6][26]

果實

本種亦以果實入藥,中藥名為蔓椒[23],蔓椒之名始載於《神農本草經》,列為下品[23],《神農本草經》中原文記載為「蔓椒,味苦,溫。主風寒濕痹,癧節疼,除四肢厥氣,膝痛。一名家椒。生川谷及丘家間。」[28],具祛風止痛、暢通經脈、通暢氣血、散寒除濕等功效[28],主治各類型風濕病、風寒濕痹、全身關節痛、四肢逆冷、膝痛、消炎、鎮咳等症狀[28][29],陰虛火盛者不宜服用[28]

藥材鑑定

中藥兩面針以兩面針的乾燥根入藥,全年均可採挖,洗淨後切片或段,曬乾或鮮用;本品呈圓柱形彎曲短段或厚片[25][30][31],稍彎曲,表面深黃棕色、淡黃色、淺棕色或淡棕黃色,具粗縱皺紋,有時具橫向裂隙,具突起的鮮黃色或黃褐色類圓形皮孔;皮部淺棕色,橫斷面的栓皮薄,有稍具光澤的深黃色斑點[15];木部淡黃色[30]或灰黃色[15],可見同心性環紋及密集的小孔;長約0.4[31]-20[30]厘米,寬約0.4-6厘米[31],厚約0.5-6厘米[30]或更粗[15],少數10厘米[30]。商品多切為不規則的塊片或段,厚約1-4毫米;質地堅硬[30],氣微香,味辛辣,麻舌而苦[30];傳統經驗則認為以根皮厚、味濃者為佳[25][30];本品載錄於《中國藥典》2005年版中,定為中藥兩面針的法定原植物來源種,主要透過薄層掃瞄法測定,規定藥材中的主要活性成分兩面針鹼含量不得少於0.25%,以控制藥材的質量[23]

參考

  1. ^ Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC.. The Plant List.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC.兩面針. 中國自然標本館CFH NM 物种信息卡. (原始内容存档于2017-07-03).
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC., 1824 雙面刺. 台灣生物多樣性資訊入口網. (原始内容存档于2017-07-04).
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.9 兩面針 Liangmainzhen. 香港浸會大學中醫藥學院藥用植物圖像數據庫. (原始内容存档于2013-10-16).
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  6. ^ 6.00 6.01 6.02 6.03 6.04 6.05 6.06 6.07 6.08 6.09 6.10 6.11 6.12 Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC.. 《中國植物誌》. 第43(2)卷: 13頁. (原始内容存档于2017-07-03).
  7. ^ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC.. 《海南植物誌》 第3卷: 32頁. (原始内容存档于2017-07-03).
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 雙面刺. 台灣金門縣政府林務部. (原始内容存档于2017-07-04).
  9. ^ 9.00 9.01 9.02 9.03 9.04 9.05 9.06 9.07 9.08 9.09 9.10 9.11 9.12 李甯漢、劉啟文. 《香港中草藥大全(I)》. 商務印書館(香港)有限公司. 2014年8月: 444頁. ISBN 978-962-07-3418-2.
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 兩面針. 台灣金門國家公園數位典藏網站. (原始内容存档于2017-07-04).
  11. ^ 11.0 11.1 藥用暨園藝觀賞植物-雙面刺繁殖體系建立. 台灣行政院農業委員會.
  12. ^ 兩面針. 香港植物標本室香港植物資料庫. (原始内容存档于2017-07-23).
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 13.6 Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC.. 《西藏植物誌》 第3卷: 26頁. (原始内容存档于2017-07-03).
  14. ^ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC.. 《浙江植物誌》 第3卷: 425頁. (原始内容存档于2017-07-03).
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  16. ^ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 王玉生、蔡岳文. 《南方藥用植物圖鑑》. 汕頭大學出版社. 2007年7月: 120頁. ISBN 978-7-81036-859-9.
  17. ^ 17.0 17.1 17.2 17.3 王玉生、蔡岳文. 《南方藥用植物》. 南方日報出版社. 2011年4月: 132頁. ISBN 978-7-5491-0180-1.
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 崖椒 (圖經) (PDF). 中國醫藥大學中國藥學暨中藥資源學系藥園導覽手冊47. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-07-06).
  19. ^ 小時了了,大也不差-雙面刺. SOW荒野保護協會. (原始内容存档于2016-08-21).
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 20.4 20.5 20.6 20.7 20.8 Zanthoxylum nitidum (Roxb.) DC.. 《福建植物誌》 第2卷: 358頁. (原始内容存档于2017-07-03).
  21. ^ 雙面刺Zanthoxylum nitidum. 行政院農業委員會林業試驗所台北植物園. (原始内容存档于2017-07-04).
  22. ^ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 中華人民共和國衛生部藥典委員會. 《中華人民共和國藥典中藥彩色圖集(1995年版)》. 三聯書店(香港)有限公司. 1996年11月: 217頁. ISBN 962-04-1326-1.
  23. ^ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 趙中振、蕭培根. 《當代藥用植物典》 第 4冊. 香港賽馬會中藥研究院有限公司. 2007年8月: 511-514頁. ISBN 978-988-99226-3-4.
  24. ^ 保育專題:鳳蝶與芸香科植物之關係. 台灣行政院農業委員會特有生物研究保育中心. (原始内容存档于2017-07-07).
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 趙中振. 《常用中藥材鑑別圖典 (修訂本)》. 萬里機構. 2013年6月: 131頁. ISBN 978-962-14-5220-7.
  26. ^ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 劉良、華碧春、周華. 《中醫臨床安全與合理用藥》. 萬里機構. 2009年2月: 271頁. ISBN 978-962-14-3893-5.
  27. ^ 兩面針. 香港浸會大學圖書館中藥標本資料庫. (原始内容存档于2013-10-16).
  28. ^ 28.0 28.1 28.2 28.3 陶隱夕. 《圖經神農本草經》. 山東美術出版社. 2008年8月: 494-495頁. ISBN 978-7-5330-2529-8.
  29. ^ 雙面刺. 台灣行政院農業委員會福山植物園.
  30. ^ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 30.6 30.7 兩面針 Liangmainzhen. 香港浸會大學中醫藥學院中藥材圖像數據庫. (原始内容存档于2017-07-03).
  31. ^ 31.0 31.1 31.2 兩面針 (PDF). 香港特別行政區政府衞生署中醫藥事務部香港中藥材標準辦事處. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2017-07-03).

外部連結

 src= 维基物种中的分类信息:两面针
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两面针: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

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兩面針(學名:Zanthoxylum nitidum,英文名稱:Shiny-leaved Prickly Ash、Glittering prickly ash.),別稱蔓椒、山椒、花椒、崖椒、豬椒、胡根、黃根、苦參、雙面竻、雙面刺、雙面針、兩背針、滿面針、七支針、釘板刺、鞋底刺、鉤刺藤、麻藥藤、上山虎、下山虎、出山虎、入山虎、鳥不宿、鳥踏刺、馬藥子、白馬屎、牽牛刺、古月根、哈郎喝、鷂婆竻、鱟殼刺、刺刁根、草鞋刺、鞋底簕、金牛公、山胡椒、胡椒簕、紅椒簕、土花椒、野花椒、花椒刺、光葉花椒、高山花椒、山胡椒刺、入地金牛、葉下穿針、紅倒鉤簕、大葉椒簕、大葉貓枝簕、大葉貓爪簕、疏刺兩面針及紅心刺刁根等,為芸香科花椒屬植物。本種的種加詞譯義為「光亮的」,意指種子具有光澤。模式標本採自於中國廣東廣州市郊,於1812年引種至印度加爾各答植物園,1813年從加爾各答植物園的植株採下標本,其後由威廉·羅克斯堡首先發表。本種因葉中肋兩面皆有暗紫紅色的銳刺,因而有'''雙面刺'''之稱。

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