Associations
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In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / feeds on
Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph of Diplodia amorphae feeds on Amorpha fruticosa
Description
provided by eFloras
A deciduous shrub, 1.5-6.0 m tall. Leaf 15-30 cm long, leaflets 11-25, 1.2-4.0 cm long, oval or elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, black dotted on the lower surface. Inflorescence a terminal raceme, 7.5-15.0 cm long. Pedicel c. 2 mm long. Calyx c. 2.5 mm long, teeth unequal, the upper shorter. Vexillum dark purple-blue, c. 5 mm long. Fruit 7.5-10.0 mm long, glandular, curved near the tip.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
provided by eFloras
Distribution: Native of U.S.A., cultivated in Abbottabad, Lahore.
Cultivated as an ornamental plant.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Flower/Fruit
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Fl.Per.: April.
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Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Amorpha curtissii Rydberg, sp. nov
A glabrous shrub, 1-3 m. high; leaves 1-2 dm. long, ascending; petioles 1-2 cm. long; leaflets 1 1-21, oblong or elliptic, 2-4.5 cm. long, 8-15 mm. wide, rounded at both ends or acutish at the base, apiculate at the apex, minutely glandular-punctate beneath, reticulate; petiolules about 2 mm. long; racemes several, clustered, 5-15 cm. long, sparingly pubescent; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; calyx 3.5-4 mm. long, glabrous except the ciliate calyx-lobes, with only a few rather inconspicuous glands; lobes short, about 0.5 mm. long, the upper two rounded, the lower three triangular and acute; banner 5 mm. long, dark bluish-purple, broadly obovate; pod 7-S mm. long, 4 mm. wide, nearly straight on the back, conspicuously glandularpunctate; seed brown, shining, oblong, 4 mm. long.
Tvpe collected in low ground, near river, Jacksonville. Florida, May 6 and August 21, 1894, A. H. Curtiss 4703 (herb. Columbia Univ.).
Distribution: Northern Florida to North Carolina (?).
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1919. (ROSALES); FABACEAE; PSORALEAE. North American flora. vol 24(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Amorpha tennesseensis Shuttl.; Kunze, Del. Sem. Hort Lips. 1848: 1. 1848. — Linnaea 24: 191. 1851.
A branching shrub, 2-6 m. high; branches finely pubescent; leaves 6-20 cm. long, ascending; petioles about 1 cm. long, as well as the rachis finely pubescent; leaflets 13-55, elliptic or oblong, 1-2.5 cm. long, 3-7 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded at both ends, mucronate, sparingly and finely pubescent, paler beneath; petiolules about 1 mm. long; racemes mostly clustered, 7-15 cm. long; calyx 3 mm. long, finely pubescent; upper two lobes rounded, 0.5 mm. long, the lower three triangular, acute, the lowest one slightly longer than the rest; banner broadly obovate-spatulate, 4.5 mm. long, blue; pod 5-7 mm. long, 2 mm. broad, curved, with conspicuous glands; seed oblanceolate-oblong, brown and shining.
Type locality: Dandridge, Tennessee.
Distribution: North Carolina to southern Missouri, Georgia, and Louisiana.
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1919. (ROSALES); FABACEAE; PSORALEAE. North American flora. vol 24(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Amorpha virgata Small, Bull. Torrey Club 21: 17. 1894
A shrub, 1-2 m. high, erect, branched at the summit; branches sparingly pilose or in age glabrate; leaves 8-16 cm. long; petioles about 2 cm. long, as well as the rachis sparingly hairy; leaflets 11-19, elliptic or oblong-ovate, 2-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm. broad, emarginate and often apiculate at the apex, obtuse to subcordate at the base, strongly veined, paler and pilose beneath, dark-green and somewhat glossy above, coriaceous; racemes mostly clustered, 8-15 cm. long; calyx 3 mm. long, sparingly pubescent; upper two lobes rounded or broadly triangular and acutish, the lower three triangular and acute; pod 7 mm. long, 3-4 mm. broad, straight on the back, sparingly but conspicuously glandular-dotted; seed oblong, 4 mm. long, slightly curved at one end, brown, glossy.
Tyfe locality: Stone Mountain, De Kalb County, Georgia. Distribution: Tennessee, Georgia, and northern Florida.
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1919. (ROSALES); FABACEAE; PSORALEAE. North American flora. vol 24(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Amorpha occidentalis Abrams, Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 6: 394. 1910.
Amorpha frulkosa Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 53, in part. 1859.
Amorpha californica Greene, Fl. Franc. 14. 1891. Not A. californica Nutt. 1838.
A shrub, 2-3 m. high; branches minutely strigose, pubescent; leaves 1-2 dm. long, ascending; petioles 1.5-2.5 cm. long, as well as the rachis sparingly strigose; leaflets oval to oblong, sparsely strigose, firm, 2-4 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, usually rounded and mucronate at the apex, acute at the base; petiolules often 2 mm. long; racemes solitary or 2-4 together, 1-2 dm. long, the rachis more or less pubescent; pedicels scarcely 2 mm. long; calyx 3 mm. long; tube strigose to nearly glabrous; lobes densely villous, triangular, acute or the upper obtuse, the upper two broader and the lowest one slightly longer; banner dark-blue, about 5 mm. long; pod 6 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, somewhat curved on the back, with conspicuous glands on the upper half.
Type locality: San Diego River, near Old San Diego Mission, southern California. Distribution: New Mexico to southern California. Chihuahua, and Sonora.
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1919. (ROSALES); FABACEAE; PSORALEAE. North American flora. vol 24(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Amorpha arizonica Rydberg, sp. now
A low shrub; branches softly villous, distinctly angled; leaves ascending, 1-1.5 dm. long; petioles 1.5-2.5 cm. long, as well as the rachis finely villous-pilose; leaflets 13-19, oblongobovate or elliptic, 1-2 cm. long, 5-10 mm. wide, softly pubescent on both sides, rounded and mucronate at the apex, mostly acute at the base; petiolules 1-2 mm. long; racemes usually 2 or 3 together, short-villous, 5-12 cm. long; calyx about 3 mm. long, minutely puberulent; lobes very short, broader than long, the upper two rounded, the lower three acute; banner darkblue, about 5 mm. long, broadly cuneate-obovate.
Type collected along streams, Ramsey Canon, Huachuca Mountains, Arizona, June 10, 1909, Goodding 136 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1919. (ROSALES); FABACEAE; PSORALEAE. North American flora. vol 24(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Amorpha croceolanata Wats. Dendr. pi. 139. 1825
? Amorpha coerulea Lodd.; Loud. Hort. Brit. 283; hyponym. 1830.
? Amorpha fruticosa coerulea Loud. Arb. 607. 1836.
Amorpha fruticosa croceolanata C. K. Schneid. Handb. Laubh. 2: 73. 1907.
A bushy shrub, 1-1.5 m. high; branches densely villous-pubescent with orange-colored hairs, at least when young; leaves spreading or ascending, 1-2 dm. long; petioles about 2 mm. long, as well as the rachis more or less orange-hairy; leaflets 19-29, elliptic or lance-elliptic, 2-5 cm. long, 8-29 mm. broad, usually rounded at each end, minutely if at all mucronate, softly short-pubescent with yellowish or orange hairs, or in age glabrate; petiolules about 2 mm. long; racemes usually 2-4 together, 7-15 cm. long, the rachis densely short-villous; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; calyx 3.5-4 mm. long, distinctly sparingly villous, ciliate on the margins of the lobes; lobes nearly equal, 0.5 mm. long, the upper two rounded, the lower three triangularacute; banner blue, broadly obovate-cuneate, retuse, 4-6 mm. long; pod 7-8 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. broad, conspicuously glandular-dotted, more or less curved on the back; seed 4 mm. long, curved at one end, glossy, brown.
Type locality: North America.
Distribution: Georgia to Florida and Louisiana.
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1919. (ROSALES); FABACEAE; PSORALEAE. North American flora. vol 24(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Amorpha fruticosa L. Sp. PL 713. 1753
Amorpha perforata Schkuhr. Handb. 2: 333. 1796.
Amorpha elala Hayne, Dendr. Fl. 134. 1822.
Amorpha fruticosa ornata Wender. Ind. Sem. Hort. Marburg. 1835. — Linnaea 11: Litt. 92. 1837.
Amorpha pubescens Schlecht. Linnaea 24: 691. 1851. Not A. pubescens Willd. 1796.
Amorpha pendula Carr. Rev. Hortic. 43: 378. 1871.
Amorpha fruticosa typica C. K. Schneid. Handb. Laubh. 2: 72. 1907.
A shrub, 2-6 m. high; twigs sparingly pilose or in age glabrate; leaves 7-25 cm. long, ascending; petioles 1-2 cm. long, glabrous or finely pilose; leaflets 11-25, oval or elliptic, 1.5-4 cm. long, 7-20 mm. wide, rounded at each end, mucronate, finely pubescent or glabrate; petiolules about 2 mm. long; racemes clustered, 7-15 cm. long; pedicels 1-2 mm. long, erect; calyx angled, about 3 mm. long, sparingly pilose or in age glabrate, ciliate on the margins; upper two lobes rounded, 0.5 mm. long, the lower three triangular, acute, the lowest one slightly longer than the rest; banner rounded-obovate, emarginate, about 6 mm. long, blue; pod 7-9 mm. long, curved, conspicuously glandular-punctate; seed 4 mm. long, oblanceolate-oblong, curved at one end, brown, glossy.
Type locality: Carolina.
Distribution: Connecticut to Minnesota. Florida, and Louisiana.
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1919. (ROSALES); FABACEAE; PSORALEAE. North American flora. vol 24(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Amorpha bushii Rydberg, sp. nov
A shrub, 1 m. high or more; branches finely puberulent or in age glabrate; leaves strongly ascending, 2-3 dm. long; petioles about 3 cm. long, as well as the rachis finely pilose; leaflets oblong to oval, 3-6 cm. long, 1-2 cm. wide, thin, dull, puberulent or glabrate above, finely pilose beneath, rounded or retuse at the apex, rounded or acutish at the base; petiolules 1-2 mm. long; racemes slender, 2-3 dm. long, lax, sparingly pubescent; pedicels about 1 mm. long; calyx 3 mm. long, almost glabrous; lobes very short and broad, the upper two rounded, the lower three triangular and acute; pod about 7 mm. long and 3 mm. broad, straight on the back, inconspicuously punctate.
Type collected near Chattahoochee River, Florida, August 12, 1S97, Bush 13 (herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.).
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1919. (ROSALES); FABACEAE; PSORALEAE. North American flora. vol 24(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Comprehensive Description
provided by North American Flora
Amorpha fragrans Sweet, Brit. Fl. Gard. pi. 241. 1828
Amorpha fruticosa angustifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. 466. 1814.
Amorpha nana Sims, Bot. Mag. pi. 2112. 1819. Not A. nana Nutt. 1813.
? Amorpha Lewisii Lodd.; Loud. Hort. Brit. 283; hyponym. 1830.
Amorpha fruticosa Lewisii Loud. Arb. 2: 607. 1838.
Amorpha fruticosa var. [2] A. Gray, Bost. Jour. Nat. Hist. 6: 174. 1850.
Amorpha fruticosa Coult. Man. 59, mainly. 1885. Not A . fruticosa L. 1753.
Amorpha angustifolia F. Boynton, Biltmore Bot. Stud. 1: 139. 1902.
A branching shrub, 1-3 dm. high; branches finely strigose-canescent ; leaves 7-20 cm. long; petioles 1-2 cm. long; leaflets 9-27, elliptic to linear-oblong, 2-4 cm. long, acute at the base, acute to rounded and mucronate at the apex, minutely strigose on both sides; racemes mostly clustered, 5-15 cm. long; pedicels 1-2 mm. long; calyx 3-3.5 mm. long, sparingly minutely puberulent, soon glabrate, except the ciliolate lobes; upper two lobes rounded, 0.5 mm. long, the lower three triangular, acute, the lowest one slightly longer; banner broadly obovate, 4.5-5 mm. long, 2.5 mm. broad, strongly curved, conspicuously glandular-dotted; seed oblonglunate, 3.5 mm. long, brown, shining.
Type locality (of A. nana Sims, on which .4. fragrans was based): Grassy hills of the Missouri [River].
Distribution: Illinois to Montana. Chihuahua, and Texas.
- bibliographic citation
- Per Axel Rydberg. 1919. (ROSALES); FABACEAE; PSORALEAE. North American flora. vol 24(1). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
Physical Description
provided by USDA PLANTS text
Perennial, Shrubs, Stems woody below, or from woody crown or caudex, Plants with rhizomes or suckers, Nodules present, Stems erect or ascending, Stems less than 1 m tall, Stems 1-2 m tall, Stems greater than 2 m tall, Stems solid, Stems or young twigs sparsely to densely hairy, Stem hairs hispid to villous, Leaves alternate, Leaves petiolate, Stipules inconspicuous, absent, or caducous, Stipules membranous or chartaceous, Stipules setiform, subulate or acicular, Stipules deciduous, Stipules free, Leaves compound, Leaves odd pinnate, Leaf or leaflet margins entire, Leaflets alternate or subopposite, Stipels present at base of leaflets, Leaflets 10-many, Leaves glandular punctate or gland-dotted, Leaves glabrous or nearly so, Leaves hairy on one or both surfaces, Inflorescences racemes, Inflorescences spi kes or spike-like, Inflorescence axillary, Bracts very small, absent or caducous, Flowers zygomorphic, Calyx 5-lobed, Calyx glabrous, Calyx hairy, Corolla reduced to 1 petal, Petals separate, Petals clawed, Petals blue, lavander to purple, or violet, Banner petal ovoid or obovate, Stamens 9-10, Stamens monadelphous, united below, Stamens long exserted, Filaments glabrous, Anthers versatile, Style terete, Fruit a legume, Fruit unilocular, Fruit indehiscent, Fruit elongate, straight, Fruit oblong or ellipsoidal, Fruit strongly curved, falcate, bent, or lunate, Fruit exserted from calyx, Fruit glabrous or glabrate, Fruit 1-seeded, Seeds ovoid to rounded in outline, Seeds cordiform, mit-shaped, notched at one end, Seed surface smooth, Seeds olive, brown, or black.
Amorpha fruticosa
provided by wikipedia EN
Amorpha fruticosa is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae, known by several common names, including desert false indigo, false indigo-bush, and bastard indigobush.[1] It is native to North America.
Description
Amorpha fruticosa is a perennial shrub.[2] It grows as a glandular, thornless shrub which can reach 5 or 6 m (16 or 20 ft) in height and spread to twice that in width. It is somewhat variable in morphology. The leaves are made up of many hairy, oval-shaped, spine-tipped leaflets. The inflorescence is a spike-shaped raceme of many flowers, each with a single purple petal and ten protruding stamens with yellow anthers. The fruit is a legume pod containing one or two seeds.[3]
Distribution and habitat
The native range extends through much of the United States and south into Mexico.[4] Its native habitats include stream and pond edges, open woods, roadsides and canyons.[2]
The species has escaped cultivation elsewhere and is present as an introduced species in Europe,[5] Asia, and other continents. It is often cultivated as an ornamental plant, and some wild populations may be descended from garden escapes.
Chemistry
6'-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-12a-hydroxydalpanol, a rotenoid, can be found in the fruits of A. fruticosa.[6] Several members of the amorfrutin class of compounds have been isolated from the fruits.[7] Amorfrutins as well as other secondary metabolites from A. fruticosa have displayed favorable bioactivities counteracting diabetes and the metabolic syndrome.[8]
Ecology
It is a larval host to the clouded sulphur, gray hairstreak, hoary edge, Io moth, marine blue, silver-spotted skipper, and southern dogface.[9] The plentiful seeds are a food source for bobwhite quail. Both bees and butterflies use the flowers as a nectar source.[10]
Cultivars
- 'Albiflora', with white flowers
- 'Crispa', with curled leaves
- 'Lewisii', with narrow leaves
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'Pendula', with arching branches, forming a dome shape
References
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^ "Amorpha fruticosa". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
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^ a b "Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin". www.wildflower.org. Retrieved 2022-01-06.
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^ "Western False Indigo, Amorpha fruticosa". calscape.org. Archived from the original on 2017-12-16.
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^ "Amorpha fruticosa L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2022-10-14.
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^ DAISIE (2009). Handbook of Alien Species in Europe. Dordrecht: Springer. p. 399. ISBN 978-1-4020-8279-5.
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^ Hak Ju Lee; Ha Young Kang; Cheol Hee Kim; Hyo Sung Kim; Min Chul Kwon; Sang Moo Kim; Il Shik Shin; Hyeon Yong Lee (2007). "Effect of new rotenoid glycoside from the fruits of Amorpha fruticosa LINNE on the growth of human immune cells". Cytotechnology. 52 (3): 219–226. doi:10.1007/s10616-006-9040-5. PMC 3449409. PMID 19002880.
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^ Weidner, C.; De Groot, J. C.; Prasad, A.; Freiwald, A.; Quedenau, C.; Kliem, M.; Witzke, A.; Kodelja, V.; Han, C.-T.; Giegold, S.; Baumann, M.; Klebl, B.; Siems, K.; Muller-Kuhrt, L.; Schurmann, A.; Schuler, R.; Pfeiffer, A. F. H.; Schroeder, F. C.; Bussow, K.; Sauer, S. (2012). "Amorfrutins are potent antidiabetic dietary natural products" (PDF). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109 (19): 7257–62. Bibcode:2012PNAS..109.7257W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1116971109. PMC 3358853. PMID 22509006.
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^ Kozuharova, E; Matkowski, A; Woźniak, D; Simeonova, R; Naychov, Z; Malainer, C; Mocan, A; Nabavi, SM; Atanasov, AG (June 8, 2017). "Amorpha fruticosa - A Noxious Invasive Alien Plant in Europe or a Medicinal Plant against Metabolic Disease?". Frontiers in Pharmacology. 8: 333. doi:10.3389/fphar.2017.00333. PMC 5462938. PMID 28642702.
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^ The Xerces Society (2016), Gardening for Butterflies: How You Can Attract and Protect Beautiful, Beneficial Insects, Timber Press.
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^ Kurz, Don (2004). Shrubs and Woody Vines of Missouri (Second ed.). Conservation Commission of the State of Missouri. p. 48. ISBN 1-887247-44-0.
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Amorpha fruticosa: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Amorpha fruticosa is a species of flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae, known by several common names, including desert false indigo, false indigo-bush, and bastard indigobush. It is native to North America.
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
