dcsimg

Distribution in Egypt

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Nile region and eastern desert.

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Global Distribution

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Atlantic Islands, Europe, Mediterranean region, naturalized weed in many temperate regions.

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Habitat

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Sandy and alluvial soils, edges of cultivation.

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Life Expectancy

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Annual.

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Associations

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Foodplant / feeds on
larva of Apion dispar feeds on Anthemis cotula

In Great Britain and/or Ireland:
Foodplant / parasite
sporangium of Paraperonospora leptosperma parasitises live leaf of Anthemis cotula

Foodplant / internal feeder
larva of Trupanea stellata feeds within capitulum of Anthemis cotula

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Comments

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Anthemis cotula is a weed throughout North America.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 19: 538, 542 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Comments

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Occurs on damp, alluvial soils or roadside depressions probably as an escape from cultivation and sandy clay soils in the low valleys surrounded by high hills.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 207: 20 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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Description

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Annuals, (5–)15–35(–90) cm, usually ill-scented. Stems green (sometimes red-tinged), usually erect, branched mostly distally or ± throughout, glabrous, glabrate, puberulent, or sparsely strigillose to strigoso-sericeous (glabrescent, hairs mostly medifixed) and gland-dotted. Leaf blades 25–55 × 15–30 mm, 1–2-pinnately lobed. Peduncles mostly (2–)4–6(–15) cm. Involucres 5–9 mm diam., ± villosulous to arachnose. Receptacles paleate mostly distally; paleae subulate to acerose 2–3+ mm (often gland-dotted). Ray florets 10–15, styliferous and sterile; corollas white, laminae 5–15+ mm. Disc corollas 2–2.5 mm (sparsely gland-dotted). Cypselae 1.3–2 mm, ribs ± tuberculate (furrows often gland-dotted); pappi 0. 2n = 18.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 19: 538, 542 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Annual, up to 60 (-70) cm tall, sparsely hairy or glabrescent herb. Leaves subsessile or shortly petiolate, lamina obovate-oblong or ovate-oblong, 1.5 – 6 cm long, 0.5 – 3 cm wide, 2-3-pinnatisect into narrowly linear, acute-acuminate, entire or 2-3-dented ultimate segments. Peduncles slender, up to 15 cm long, unthickened in fruit. Capitula solitary, radiate, sometimes discoid, 1.2 – 3 cm across. Phyllaries ovate-oblong, 3 – 4 x 1.5 – 2 mm, whitish hairy outside, narrowly scarious on margins, ± obtuse. Receptacle oblong-conical, 5 – 8 mm long, c. 3 mm wide, chaffy in the upper half, paleae linear-subulate, 2.5 – 3 mm long, persistent, bristly. Ray-florets sterile, tube glabrous, ligules white, oblong-elliptic, 5 – 14 x 3 – 6 mm, obtuse, rarely absent. Disc-florets yellow, as long as to ± longer than the paleae; corolla tube terete, glabrous, slightly inflated at the base. Cypselas subylindrical-turbinate, 1 – 1.5 mm long, light brown, obscurely 8 – 10-ribbed, tuberculate, exauriculate.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 207: 20 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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Distribution

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Distribution: Central and SW Asia westwards to Algeria, Europe; introduced in N & S America, Australia and New Zealand.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 207: 20 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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Flower/Fruit

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Fl. Per.: March-September.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 207: 20 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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Synonym

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Anthemis foetida Lamarck; Chamaemelum cotula (Linnaeus) Allioni; Maruta cotula (Linnaeus) de Candolle
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 19: 538, 542 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym

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Cotula foetida S. G. Gmelin, Reisse Russl. 1: 137. 1774; Anthemis foetida Lamk., Fl. Fr. 2: 164. 1778; Maruta cotula (L.) DC., Prodr. 6: 13. 1837; Anthemis abyssinica J. Gay et A. Rich, Tent. Fl. Abyss. 1: 418. 1847; A. antiochia Eig in Pal. J. Bot. Jer. Ser. 1: 200. 1938.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 207: 20 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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eFloras.org
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Comprehensive Description

provided by North American Flora
Maruta Cotula (L.) DC. Prodr. 6: 13. 1837
Anthemis Colnla L. Sp. PI. 894. 1753.
/ln//iemi5/oe/irfa Lam. Fl. Fr. 2: 164. 1778.
Chamaemelum Colula M.V.VeA. I: 186. 1785.
Chamaemelum foetidum Hall.; Baumg. Enum. Stirp. Transsilv. 3; 144. 1816.
Morula foetida S. F, Gray, Nat. Arr. Brit. PI. 2: 456. 1821.
Morula vulgaris BlulT & Fingerh. Comp. Fl. Germ. 2: 392. 1825.
/1«/A«mij co/u/oides Raf.; DC. Prodr. 6: 13, as synonym. 1837.
Matricaria pubescens Schultz-Bip. Bonplandia 8: 369. 1860.
Matricaria Cotula Baillon, Hist. PI. 8: 310. 1882.
An ill-scented leafy annual; stem 2-5 dm. high, much branched, erect or ascending, striate, more or less pubescent; leaves sparingly pubescent, 2-6 cm. long, bipinnatifid into linearfiliform, entire or incised, cuspidate divisions; involucre about 3 ram. high, 6-S mm. broad; bracts elliptic, obtuse or acutish, pubescent; ligules 6-8 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; disk-corollas greenish-yellow, glandular-granuliferous, 2 mm. long; achenes 1-1.5 mm. long.
Type locai-ity: Europe.
Distribution: Newfoundland to Florida. California, and Alaska, thoroughly naturalized; native of Europe, northern Africa, and the Orient.
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bibliographic citation
Per Axel Rydberg. 1916. (CARDUALES); CARDUACEAE; TAGETEAE, ANTHEMIDEAE. North American flora. vol 34(3). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY
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Anthemis cotula

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Anthemis cotula, also known as stinking chamomile, or mayweed,[6] is a flowering annual plant with a noticeable and strong odor. The odor is often considered unpleasant, and it is from this that it gains the common epithet "stinking". In pre-colonial times, its distribution was limited to the Old Continent and Africa; though it was established in most of Europe, it was not present in Finland, Ireland, or the northernmost reaches of Scotland, in spite of the fact that these countries feature climatic regions favorable to this plant and are in proximity to countries where the species is native, such as Russia, Estonia, Lithuania and England. It has successfully migrated to the New Europes[7] where it can be found growing in meadows, alongside roads, and in fields.[8]

The name "cotula" is the Latin form[9] of κοτύλη kotylē, the Greek word for "small cup",[10] describing the shape of the flowers; it was assigned by Carl Linnaeus in his work Species Plantarum in 1753.[11]

Anthemis cotula is also known by a wide variety of other names, including mather, dog- or hog's-fennel, dog-finkle, dog-daisy, pig-sty-daisy, chigger-weed,[8] mayweed, Johnnyweed, maroute, Maruta cotula, Cotula Maruta foetida, Manzanilla loca, wild chamomile, Camomille puante. Foetid Chamomile, maithes, maithen, mathor[12] mayweed chamomile, camomille des chiens, camomille puante, stinkende Hundskamille, camomila-de-cachorro, macéla-fétida, and manzanilla hedionda.

Description

The "stinking chamomile" Anthemis cotula is so-named for its resemblance to the true chamomile plant, Anthemis nobilis; both have branching upright stems each topped by a single large flower head, although the "stinking chamomile" is distinguished by lacking the membraneous scales underneath the flowers of the true chamomile, as well as by its characteristic strong odor. The leaves of Anthemis cotula have a similar appearance to those of the fennel plant (Foeniculum vulgare), from which the name "Dog's Fennel" is derived.[13]

Anthemis cotula is an annual glandular plant with a harsh taste and an acrid smell. Its height varies from 30–60 cm (12–24 in).[8]

Leaves
The leaves of the plant sometimes have very fine and soft hairs on the upper surface, although the plant is mostly hairless. There is no leaf stalk; leaves grow immediately from the stems. The leaves are pinnate in shape, with many extremely thin lobes, and can be around 25–50 mm (1–2 in) long.[8]
Flowers
Each stem is topped by a single flower head which is usually around 25 mm (1 in) in diameter. The flower head is encompassed by between 10 and 18 white ray florets, each with a three-toothed shape; the florets tend to curve downwards around the edges and may occasionally have pistils, although these do not produce fruit. Beneath the flower proper, oval bracts of the plant form an involucre, with soft hairs on each; further bracts are bristled and sit at right angles to the flowers.[8]
Fruits
The fruits are achenes (with no pappus). They are wrinkled, ribbed with ten ridges, and have small glandular bumps across the surface.

Toxicity

Anthemis cotula is potentially toxic to dogs, cats, horses, and guinea pigs. Clinical signs include contact dermatitis, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, allergic reactions. Long term use can lead to bleeding tendencies.[14] The foliage may also cause skin irritation.[15]

Distribution

Native[7]
Pale-arctic
Macaronesia: Azores, Canary Islands, Madeira
Southern Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, Tunisia
Eurasia: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Russia, Georgia, India, North Caucasus, Dagestan, Cyprus, Iran, Iraq, Palestine, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey
Eastern Europe: Belarus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Crimea, Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria
Northern Europe: Denmark, Norway, Sweden, England, Scotland, Finland
Central Europe: Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Switzerland
Southern Europe: Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Greece, Crete, Italy, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Sicily, Slovenia, Sardinia, Corsica, Portugal, Spain, Balearic Islands
Western Europe: Belgium, Netherlands, France, Ireland, United Kingdom
Introduced[16][17][18][19][20]

Naturalized in Americas, Southern Africa, and Oceania

Spread to United States

Johnny Appleseed planted stinking chamomile, here called dog-fennel, during his travels in the early 19th century, believing it to be an antimalarial. Dog-fennel already had a reputation for being an aggressive invasive, however, so Appleseed's practice invited controversy.[21] Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1871 gave Appleseed credit for the overabundance of dogfennel:

The consequence was that successive, flourishing crops of the weed spread over the whole country and caused almost as much trouble as the disease it was intended to ward off; and to this day the dog-fennel, introduced by Johnny Appleseed, is one of the worst grievances of the Ohio farmers.[22]

References

Illustration from Britton & Brown 1913.
  1. ^ illustration from Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen in naturgetreuen Abbildungen mit kurz erläuterndem Texte : Atlas zur Pharmacopoea germanica. Author: Franz Eugen Köhler. 1883-1914
  2. ^ The Plant List, Anthemis cotula L
  3. ^ "Anthemis cotula". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. 2008-06-17.
  4. ^ Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem. "Details for: Anthemis cotula". Euro+Med PlantBase. Freie Universität Berlin. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  5. ^ UniProt. "Anthemis cotula". Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  6. ^ Britten, James; Robert Holland (1886). "Page 84". A Dictionary of English Plant-names. For the English Dialect Society, Trübner & Ludgate Hill. p. 618 pages. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  7. ^ a b "Anthemis cotula". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  8. ^ a b c d e Britton, Nathaniel Lord; Addison Brown (1913). "BORAGE FAMILY". An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions From Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102d Meridian. Volume III Gentianaceae to Compositae – Gentian to Thistle (Second Edition – Revised and Enlarged ed.). New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  9. ^ cotula. Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short. A Latin Dictionary on Perseus Project.
  10. ^ κοτύλη. Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; A Greek–English Lexicon at the Perseus Project.
  11. ^ Dunglison, Robley; Richard James Dunglison (1876). "Section 22 Costohyoideus thru Cough". A Dictionary of Medical Science; Containing a Concise Explanation of the Various Subjects and Terms of Anatomy, Physiology, Pathology, Hygiene, Therapeutics, Medical Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacy, Surgery, Obstetrics, Medical Jurisprudence, and Dentistry; Notices of Climate, and of Mineral Waters; Formulae for Officinal, Empirical, and Dietetic Preparations; with the Accentuation and Etymology of the Terms, and the French and Other Synonyms. Churchill. p. 1131 pages. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  12. ^ M. Grieve (1931). "Mayweed". A Modern Herbal. © Copyright Protected 1995-2008 Botanical.com. Archived from the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  13. ^ M. Grieve (1931). "Chamomile Stinking". A Modern Herbal. © Copyright Protected 1995-2008 Botanical.com. Archived from the original on 7 July 2008. Retrieved 2008-06-17.
  14. ^ ASPCA - Pet Care - Mayweed
  15. ^ Niering, William A.; Olmstead, Nancy C. (1985) [1979]. The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Wildflowers, Eastern Region. Knopf. p. 358. ISBN 0-394-50432-1.
  16. ^ Flora of North America
  17. ^ Flora of China
  18. ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  19. ^ Atlas of Living Australia
  20. ^ Cabrera, A. L. 1978. Compositae. 10: 1–726. In A. L. Cabrera (ed.) Flora de la provincia de Jujuy. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Buenos Aires
  21. ^ Haley, William D’Arcy (November 1871). "Johnny Appleseed. A pioneer hero". Harper's Magazine. ISSN 0017-789X. Retrieved 2019-11-09.
  22. ^ Haley, W. D. (1955). Johnny Appleseed : a pioneer hero. Allen County Public Library Genealogy Center. [Fort Wayne, Ind.] : Public Library of Fort Wayne and Allen County.

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Anthemis cotula: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Anthemis cotula, also known as stinking chamomile, or mayweed, is a flowering annual plant with a noticeable and strong odor. The odor is often considered unpleasant, and it is from this that it gains the common epithet "stinking". In pre-colonial times, its distribution was limited to the Old Continent and Africa; though it was established in most of Europe, it was not present in Finland, Ireland, or the northernmost reaches of Scotland, in spite of the fact that these countries feature climatic regions favorable to this plant and are in proximity to countries where the species is native, such as Russia, Estonia, Lithuania and England. It has successfully migrated to the New Europes where it can be found growing in meadows, alongside roads, and in fields.

The name "cotula" is the Latin form of κοτύλη kotylē, the Greek word for "small cup", describing the shape of the flowers; it was assigned by Carl Linnaeus in his work Species Plantarum in 1753.

Anthemis cotula is also known by a wide variety of other names, including mather, dog- or hog's-fennel, dog-finkle, dog-daisy, pig-sty-daisy, chigger-weed, mayweed, Johnnyweed, maroute, Maruta cotula, Cotula Maruta foetida, Manzanilla loca, wild chamomile, Camomille puante. Foetid Chamomile, maithes, maithen, mathor mayweed chamomile, camomille des chiens, camomille puante, stinkende Hundskamille, camomila-de-cachorro, macéla-fétida, and manzanilla hedionda.

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