El lluç austral (Merluccius australis) és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels merlúccids.[5]
Té lloc entre l'agost i el setembre a la costa occidental de l'illa del Sud de Nova Zelanda, entre el setembre i el novembre al nord de l'altiplà submarí de Campbell i entre el novembre i el gener a l'altiplà submarí de Chatham.[9][10]
A Sud-amèrica es nodreix de calamars, Micromesistius australis i Nototheniidae, mentre que a Nova Zelanda ho fa principalment de peixos (sobretot, gàdids), calamars, eufausiacis i organismes bentònics.
És un peix marí, bentopelàgic, oceanòdrom[11] i de clima subtropical (33°S-59°S, 165°E-66°W) que viu entre 28 i 1.000 m de fondària (a Nova Zelanda entre 415 i 1.000, i a Sud-amèrica entre 62 i 800). Els adults probablement migren cap al sud durant l'estiu austral per a alimentar-se i tornen cap al nord a l'hivern per a reproduir-se.[12][6][13][9]
És una espècie circumglobal a l'hemisferi sud: l'Uruguai,[14] l'Argentina,[15] Xile, Austràlia[16][17] i Nova Zelanda.[18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29]
És inofensiu per als humans, la seua esperança de vida és de 30 anys i emprat com a aliment i per a elaborar farina de peix.[6]
El lluç austral (Merluccius australis) és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels merlúccids.
Der Südliche Seehecht (Merluccius australis) ist eine Art der Seehechte (Merlucciidae). Diese Art wird wegen ihres hochwertigen Fleisches stark befischt, sie werden als Speisefisch gehandelt oder zu Fischmehl verarbeitet.[1][2]
Der Südliche Seehecht wird normalerweise ca. 1,2 bis 1,3 Meter lang und ca. 18 bis 20 Kilogramm schwer.[1] Der, für seine Gattung recht schlanke Seehecht ist am Rücken stahlgrau, wird jedoch bauchwärts silber. Die Brustflossen sind lang und schmal, bei jungen Exemplaren reichen sie bis zur Afterflosse. Bei Tieren über einer Länge von 50 Zentimetern erreichen die Brustflossen die Afterflosse nicht mehr. Die Rückenflosse besitzt 48 bis 57 Flossenstrahlen. Die Afterflosse besteht aus 40 bis 46 Flossenstrahlen. Der Fisch besitzt 53 bis 58 Wirbel und die Kiemenrechen der Fische sind kurz und haben stumpfe Spitzen.[2] Auf dem ersten Kiemenbogen befinden sich meist 12 bis 14 Kiemenrechen.[3]
Der Bestand des Fisches teilt sich auf zwei Hauptpopulationen auf. Eine lässt sich rund um Neuseeland finden, genauer vom Chatham Rise bis zum East Cape. Die andere Population beheimatet das Gebiet rund um Patagonien. Von der chilenischen Insel Chiloé im Norden bis zum südlichen Ende des Kontinents.[2]
Beide Populationen ernähren sich von Fisch, Kopffüßer und bodenbewohnende Organismen. Die neuseeländische Population lebt in einer Meerestiefe von ca. 400 bis 1000 Metern. Sie wandern im Sommer südwärts, wahrscheinlich um ihrer Nahrung zu folgen. Im Winter kehren sie wieder in den Norden zurück, um zu laichen,[1] dies geschieht von August bis September.[2] Die patagonische Population findet sich in einer Meerestiefe von ca. 60 bis 800 Metern.[1]
Die jetzigen Bestände werden besonders von Chile, Argentinien und Neuseeland befischt. Die neuseeländische Population wurde 1987 auf 110.000 Tonnen geschätzt, heute schätzt man diesen Bestand auf ca. 64.000 Tonnen ein. Die patagonischen Bestände werden seit 25 Jahren befischt, 1987 gab es ebenso ca. 110.000 Tonnen. Heute wird der Bestand auf 115.000 Tonnen geschätzt. 2014 wurden ca. 23.000 Tonnen dieser Art gefischt.[3]
Merluccius australis ist eine von 15 Arten[2] der Gattung Merluccius innerhalb der Seehechte (Merlucciidae).
Der Südliche Seehecht (Merluccius australis) ist eine Art der Seehechte (Merlucciidae). Diese Art wird wegen ihres hochwertigen Fleisches stark befischt, sie werden als Speisefisch gehandelt oder zu Fischmehl verarbeitet.
Merluccius australis, the Southern hake, is a species of fish from the family Merlucciidae, the true hakes. It is found in the southern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans with two disjunct populations, one around southern South America and the other in the waters around New Zealand.
Merluccius australis has a more slender body compared to other species of Merluccius, with a short head which is makes up around a quarter of its standard length and a protruding lower jaw with some visible teeth. The anterior dorsal fin has a single spine and 9 to 12 fin rays and the posterior dorsal fin has 39 to 45 fin rays. The anal fin has 40 to 46 fin rays and the pectoral fins are long and thin, but they do not reach as far as the origin of anal fin in specimens longer than 50 cm standard length. The caudal fin margin is normally truncate, but in smaller specimens it can be slightly emarginate. The scales are small and there are 144 to 171 scales along the lateral line. They have a steel grey back which is tinged with blue, paler on sides, and a silvery white belly with dark fins. It grows to a maximum length of 160 cm but lengths of between 60 cm and 100 cm are more commonly recorded.[2][3]
Merluccius australis has two distinct populations one in New Zealand and the other in the eastern South Pacific and western South Atlantic. The New Zealand population is found over the Chatham Rise, Campbell Plateau and around South Island north to the East Cape, the South American population extends from Chiloé Island south to 59°S in the Pacific, around Cape Horn and north to 38°S in the South Atlantic.[1] It is also found off the Falkland Islands.[3]
Merluccius australis occurs at depths between 415 and 1 000 m with temperatures at the bottom of 5.8 to 8.0 °C off New Zealand and 62 to 800 m with bottom temperatures 3.8 to 9.0 °C in South American waters. The adults are probably migratory, moving south to feed during the Austral summer and returning north in the winter to spawn. Off South America spawning takes place from May to August south of 47°S, in three separate areas. The spawning areas are situated in fjords and channels. They reach sexual maturity at around 65 cm in length for males and 85 cm for females, around 6 years of age.[3] The sex ratio is skewed towards females. The adults are predatory, feeding on southern blue whiting, whiptails, nototheniids and squid. Off New Zealand population the population spawns from July to August in the waters west of South Island at depths from 800 to 1000m, and here they also feed mainly on fish, particularly gadoids but also on squid, krill and benthic invertebrates.[2] On the northern part of the Campbell Plateau spawning occurs between September and November and at the Chatham Rise between November and January.[1] They can live as long as 28 years.[3]
Merluccius australis has two subspecies according to some authorities:[3]
However, the existence of separate populations made up of differently sized individuals off the east and west coasts of New Zealand suggest that M. australis may not be a single species.[3]
A new species of hake which was said to be largely sympatric with M. australis but which was also said to be found off Japan was described in 2006, Merluccius tasmanicus, but this taxon is not universally accepted a valid and it may be a synonym of M. australis.[4]
In New Zealand M. australis are caught almost exclusively by large trawlers, which both target this species and take it as by‐catch when the primary target species such as hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) and southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis). The population off the west coast of South Island has been estimated to have an unfished biomass of 88,900 tonnes and this fishery consistently produces the greatest annual landings. The Sub‐Antarctic population is the largest of the three populations and has an estimated unfished spawning biomass of 94,200 tonnes, however this stock has probably undergone the lowest levels of fishing. The third stock, in the area of the Chatham Rise is the smallest and has an unfished biomass of 37,000 tonnes has suffered the heaviest exploitation and is currently considered to be in a rebuilding phase.[5]
The South American population is targeted by fisheries mainly from by Argentina and Chile. The annual catch reached a peak in 1987 but has now stabilised at between 3000 tonnes and 4000 tonnes in the Atlantic and around 25000 tonnes in the Pacific.[3] Caught with trawls and marketed fresh, frozen, and as fishmeal.[2]
Merluccius australis, the Southern hake, is a species of fish from the family Merlucciidae, the true hakes. It is found in the southern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans with two disjunct populations, one around southern South America and the other in the waters around New Zealand.
La merluza, merluza austral, merluza del sur, merluza de Chile[3] o merluza española (Merluccius australis, código FAO HKN) es una especie de pez de la familia de los merlúcidos.[4]
Esta especie de Merluza puede alcanzar hasta 155 cm, aunque en promedio mide 80 cm de longitud. Es de color gris acerado, el cual se torna blanco plateado de forma gradual hacia el vientre. Con 48 a 57 radios en la aleta dorsal y 40 a 46 en la anal. Presenta 53 a 58 vértebras. Aletas pectorales largas y esbeltas.[5][6][7]
Se reproducen entre agosto y septiembre en la costa occidental de la isla sur de Nueva Zelanda; entre el septiembre y noviembre al norte del altiplano submarino de Campbell y entre noviembre y enero en el altiplano submarino de Chatham.[8][9]
En América del Sur se alimenta principalmente de calamares, Micromesistius australis y Nototheniidae, mientras que en Nueva Zelanda se alimenta de peces, principalmente gádidos, calamares, eufausiacios y organismos bentónicos.
Es un pez marino, bentopelágico, oceanódromo[10] y de clima subtropical (33°S-59°S, 165°E-66°W) que vive entre 28 y 1000 m de profundidad (en Nueva Zelanda entre 415 y 1000; en Sudamérica entre 62 y 800). Migran hacia el sur durante el verano y regresan en el invierno al norte para reproducirse.[11][5][12][8]
Es una especie circumglobal del 'hemisferio sur. Puede encontrarse en aguas de Uruguay,[13] Argentina,[14] Chile,[5] Australia[15][16] y Nueva Zelanda.[17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28]
Datos: Q14639553
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La merluza, merluza austral, merluza del sur, merluza de Chile o merluza española (Merluccius australis, código FAO HKN) es una especie de pez de la familia de los merlúcidos.
Merluccius australis Merluccius generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Merlucciidae familian sailkatzen da.
Merluccius australis Merluccius generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Merlucciidae familian sailkatzen da.
Il nasello australe o merluzzo australe[1] (Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872)) Regolamento (CE) N. 216/2009, è un pesce osseo marino appartenente alla famiglia Merlucciidae. Non va confuso con il Macruronus novaezelandiae.
L'aspetto di questo pesce è simile a quello degli altri membri del genere Merluccius come il nasello mediterraneo ed europeo. In questa specie le pinne pettorali sono piuttosto lunghe e strette ma raggiungono l'origine della pinna anale solo negli individui di taglia minore di 50 cm. Il corpo è molto snello e allungato rispetto agli altri Merluccius. La colorazione è grigio argentea, argentea chiara nella regione ventrale[2][3].
La taglia massima nota è di 155 cm. La taglia media è di 80 cm[2].
Questa specie popola le acque temperate e fredde dell'emisfero australe e forma due popolazioni distinte una al largo della Nuova Zelanda e una nelle acque della parte meridionale dell'America del sud, sia sulla costa atlantica che pacifica. Non si trova a nord del 33º parallelo sud. Nella acque neozelandesi si incontra a profondità comprese tra 415 e 1000 m mentre in quelle sudamericane vive a profondità minori, tra 62 e 800 metri. Si crede che gli esemplari adulti affrontino migrazioni estive verso sud per scopi alimentari e che ritornino nelle più temperate acque settentrionali per la riproduzione invernale[2][3].
Vive fino a 30 anni[2].
Predatore. Le popolazioni sudamericane cacciano principalmente Micromesistius australis, Macruronus novaezelandiae, Nototheniidae e calamari, quelle neozelandesi si nutrono di gadiformi, eufausiacei, calamari e organismi del benthos[2].
La maturità sessuale viene raggiunta a una lunghezza di 85 cm per le femmine e di 65 cm per i maschi. Le popolazioni sono composte per la maggior parte da femmine, con una percentuale molto bassa di maschi. La riproduzione avviene in inverno, con una durata della stagione nuziale diversa a seconda della latitudine[2].
Si tratta di una specie di grande importanza per la pesca commerciale[2]. Viene catturata con reti a strascico e commerciata fresca, congelata e sotto forma di farina di pesce. Gli stati che catturano le maggiori quantità sono Cile e Nuova Zelanda[3].
Il nasello australe o merluzzo australe (Merluccius australis (Hutton, 1872)) Regolamento (CE) N. 216/2009, è un pesce osseo marino appartenente alla famiglia Merlucciidae. Non va confuso con il Macruronus novaezelandiae.
De Australische heek (Merluccius australis) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van heken (Merlucciidae), orde van kabeljauwachtigen (Gadiformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 126 centimeter. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 30 jaar.
Merluccius australis is een zoutwatervis. De soort komt voor in subtropische wateren in de Grote en Atlantische Oceaan op een diepte van 62 tot 1000 meter.
Merluccius australis is voor de visserij van groot commercieel belang. In de hengelsport wordt er weinig op de vis gejaagd.
De Australische heek (Merluccius australis) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van heken (Merlucciidae), orde van kabeljauwachtigen (Gadiformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 126 centimeter. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 30 jaar.
澳洲無鬚鱈，為輻鰭魚綱鱈形目無鬚鱈科的其中一種，分布於南半球海域，為深海魚類，深度28-1000公尺，體長可達155公分，棲息在大陸棚底層水域，會進行垂直性洄游，以頭足類、魚類、片腳類等為食，生活習性不明，可做為食用魚。
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