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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 17; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 15 - 16
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Cristina V. Garilao
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Trophic Strategy

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High-oceanic and mesopelagic species (Ref. 4066), found between 501-700 m during the day and between 40-175 m during the night, exhibiting size stratification with depth (Ref. 4479). Probably spawns in deep water during spring (Ref. 4479).
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Biology

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High-oceanic and mesopelagic species (Ref. 4066), found between 501-700 m during the day and between 40-175 m during the night, exhibiting size stratification with depth (Ref. 4479). Probably spawns in deep water during spring (Ref. 4479).
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Comprehensive Description

provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology
Diaphus effulgens

This bipolar subtropical species (Backus et al., 1977) is known to exceed 150 mm in length (Nafpaktitis et al., 1977). The largest specimen caught during Ocean Acre was 96 mm. Diaphus effulgens was uncommon in the study area at all seasons. The Ocean Acre collections contain 120 specimens; 51 were caught during the paired seasonal cruises, 36 of these in discrete-depth samples, of which 30 of the latter were in discrete-depth noncrepuscular tows (Table 23).

DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES.—Juveniles were 12–58 mm, subadults 53–63 mm, and adult males 77–90 mm. Adult females were not taken. Juveniles smaller than 50 mm could not be sexed. The eight largest fish (69–96 mm) were males, and the largest female was 63 mm. This apparently is not a reflection of a sexual dimorphism in size, as Nafpaktitis et al. (1977) examined females up to 139 mm.

REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE AND SEASONAL ABUNDANCE.—The reproductive cycle and life span of D. effulgens in the study area is uncertain. Based upon the relatively large size attained, this species probably lives at least two years. The parent population probably breeds in spring and summer, with a peak in late spring. Abundance, although quite low at all times, is at a maximum in late summer (Table 45).

Recruitment of small fish (less than 20 mm) occurred only in August and September, at which time they made up more than 80 percent of the total number taken in both nondiscrete and discrete-depth samples. Adult males were caught only from June to September. The seasonal distributions of small juveniles and adult males suggest that spawning occurs in spring and summer.

In winter and late spring fish larger than 40 mm predominate, and abundance is about half that in late summer (Table 45). In late summer fish smaller than 20 mm dominated the discrete-depth collections. At that season the combined IKMT and Engel trawl catches apparently consisted of at least three year classes: young-of-the-year fish, 12–23 mm (taken only in the IKMT); fish about one-year old, 35–59 mm; and fish two or more years old, 80–92 mm. Fish of the latter two groups, with one exception, were taken with the Engel trawl.

VERTICAL DISTRIBUTION.—Vertical distribution for all seasons combined was by day, 501–700 m; and by night, 90–200 m. By day, fish taken at 501–600 m were 14–33 mm and those at 601–700 m depths were 40–86 mm; at night all but one fish 40 mm and smaller were taken at 90–100 m, with larger fish near or below 150 m. During both day and night juveniles were found throughout the vertical range; the more advanced stages were only at or near the lower depth limit (Table 46).
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bibliographic citation
Gibbs, Robert H., Jr. and Krueger, William H. 1987. "Biology of midwater fishes of the Bermuda Ocean Acre." Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 1-187. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.00810282.452

Headlight fish

provided by wikipedia EN

The headlight fish[2] (Diaphus effulgens) is a species of lanternfish in the family Myctophidae. It is also sometimes referred to as the headlight lanternfish, or even the lanternfish, though it is not the only species to be called this.[3][4]

Description

This species can be distinguished from other deepwater fishes such as the lanternfish Myctophum affine and from Pearlsides (in the genus Maurolicus) by the large luminescent patch (from which the headlight fish gets its name) that covers the front of its head, between the nares.[2] The maximum reported length for this species is 15 cm (5.9 in).[5]

Taxonomy and naming

The headlight fish was first described by American ichthyologists George Brown Goode and Tarleton Hoffman Bean in 1896.[6] It was originally placed in the genus Aethoprora, which has since been synonymized into the headlight fish's current genus Diaphus.[7]

The generic name, Diaphus, is a combination of the Greek words Dia (Δία), meaning "through", and Physa (Φυσα), "bellows".[8] The species name, effulgens, is a Latin word meaning glittering or flashing.[8]

Distribution and habitat

The range of the headlight fish covers the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans. In the eastern Atlantic, they are known from the Antarctic Convergence zone in the south to the English Channel in the north.[9] In the western Atlantic, they can be found from the east coast of the United States south to the southern border of Brazil.[9] In the Indian Ocean they are generally found from about 70°E to between 5°S and 38°S.[9] In the Pacific, they are known from 0° to 29°N, and are also seen in waters near Southeast Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.[9][10][11]

The species is both high-oceanic and mesopelagic. During daylight, the fish are found in deep water, from depths of 501 to 700 metres (1,640 to 2,300 ft), but at night they come up nearer the surface and have been observed from depths of 40 to 175 metres (130 to 570 ft). There is some size stratification with depth, and the female fish are believed to spawn in deep water.[9]

References

  1. ^ Hulley, P. (2015). "Diaphus effulgens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T15598639A15603690. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T15598639A15603690.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b Bigelow, Henry Bryant; Schroeder, William Charles (1953). Fishes of the Gulf of Maine. United States Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service. p. 142.
  3. ^ Santos, R.S., F.M. Porteiro and J.P. Barreiros, 1997. Marine fishes of the Azores: annotated checklist and bibliography. Bulletin of the University of Azores. Supplement 1. pg. 45 doi:10.13140/2.1.2002.4649
  4. ^ Hoese, D.F., D.J. Bray, J.R. Paxton and G.R. Allen, 2006. Fishes. In Beasley, O.L. and A. Wells (eds.) Zoological Catalogue of Australia. Volume 35.2 Australia: ABRS & CSIRO Publishing.
  5. ^ Hulley, P.A., 1986. Myctophidae. In M.M. Smith and P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlin. p. 290 doi:10.1007/978-3-642-82858-4
  6. ^ Goode, G. B. and T. H. Bean 1896 (23 Aug.)Oceanic ichthyology, a treatise on the deep-sea and pelagic fishes of the world, based chiefly upon the collections made by the steamers Blake, Albatross, and Fish Hawk in the northwestern Atlantic, with an atlas containing 417 figures. Special Bulletin U. S. National Museum No. 2. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.2164
  7. ^ Hulley, P.A., 1990. Myctophidae. p. 398. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI; Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 1. doi:10.1007/BF00042886
  8. ^ a b Romero, P., 2002. An etymological dictionary of taxonomy. Madrid, unpublished.
  9. ^ a b c d e Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Diaphus effulgens" in FishBase. November 2019 version.
  10. ^ Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989. Pisces. Petromyzontidae to Carangidae. Zoological Catalogue of Australia, Vol. 7. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra. ISBN 978-0-644-09430-6
  11. ^ Paulin, C., A. Stewart, C. Roberts and P. McMillan, 1989. New Zealand fish: a complete guide. National Museum of New Zealand Miscellaneous Series No. 19. doi:10.1080/00288330.2016.1177553
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Headlight fish: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The headlight fish (Diaphus effulgens) is a species of lanternfish in the family Myctophidae. It is also sometimes referred to as the headlight lanternfish, or even the lanternfish, though it is not the only species to be called this.

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Distribution

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USA to about 20°N, from Brazil to subtropical convergence

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

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High-oceanic and mesopelagic species, found between 501-700 m during the day and between 40-175 m during the night, exhibiting size stratification with depth.

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

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nektonic

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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