Hymenosoma orbiculare

Hymenosoma orbiculare Desmarest, 1825

Hymenosoma orbiculare.—Capart, 1951:61, fig. 18 [Angola; South-West Africa].—Monod, 1956:468, fig. 628 [Gabon (?); South-West Africa].—Penrith and Kensley, 1970a: 209, 232 [South-West Africa].

DISTRIBUTION.—Known with certainty from localities in Angola, South-West Africa, and South Africa. The record from Gabon is questionable.

MAÏADAE Samouelle, 1819:88 [corrected to Majidae by Neumann, 1878:5].

MACROPODIADAE Samouelle, 1819:90.

INACHIDAE MacLeay, 1838:56 [given preference over Macropodiadae Samouelle, 1819, by International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, Opinion 763, 1966; name 400 on Official List].

EPIALTIDAE MacLeay, 1838:56.

HUENIDAE MacLeay, 1838:56.

EURYPODIDAE MacLeay, 1838:56.

MITHRACIDAE MacLeay, 1838:56.

LEPTOPODIADAE Bell, 1844:1.

MACROCHEIRINAE Dana, 1851a:427.

PISINAE Dana, 1851a:428 [name 368 on Official List, date and citation erroneous there].

LIBININAE Dana, 1851a:429.

PRIONORHYNCHINAE Dana, 1851a:429.

MICIPPINAE Dana, 1851a:429.

CHORININAE Dana, 1851a:429.

PYRINAE Dana, 1851a:430.

OTHONINAE Dana, 1851a:430.

SALACINAE Dana, 1851a:430.

CYCLACINAE Dana, 1851a:431.

TYCHIDAE Dana, 1851a:431.

CRIOCARCININAE Dana, 1851a:431.

CAMPOSCINAE Dana, 1851a:431.

AMATHINAE Dana, 1851a:431.

STENORHYNCHINAE Dana, 1851a:432.

ACHAEINAE Dana, 1851a:432.

PERICERIDAE Dana, 1851a:432.

PARAMICIPPINAE Dana, 1851a:432.

INACHOIDINAE Dana, 1851a:432.

MENAETHINAE Dana, 1851a:433.

STENOCIOPINAE Dana, 1851a:433.

ONCININEA Dana, 1852b:77.

ONCINOPIDAE Stimpson, 1858d:222.

LEPTOPINAE Stimpson, 1871a:109.

NAXIINAE Stimpson, 1871a:114.

COLLODINAE Stimpson, 1871a:119.

ANOMALOPINAE Stimpson, 1871a:124.

ACANTHONYCHINAE Stimpson, 1871a:127.

IXIONINAE Neumann, 1878:10.

ACANTHOPHYRINAE Neumann, 1878:10.

PICROCERINAE Neumann, 1878:12.

PODOCHELINAE Neumann, 1878:13.

CYPHOCARCININAE Neumann, 1878:15.

EURYNOMINAE Neumann, 1878:17.

MICRORHYNCHINAE Miers, 1879a:651.

SCHIZOPHRYSINAE Miers, 1879a:659.

LISSOIDA Alcock, 1895:161.

BLASTIDAE Stebbing, 1902:2.

MAMAIIDAE Stebbing, 1905:22.

OPHTHALMIINAE Balss, 1929:6.

HYASTENIINAE Balss, 1929:8, 14.

MACROCOELOMINAE Balss, 1929:8, 16, 20.

OREGONIINAE Garth, 1958:134.

EASTERN ATLANTIC GENERA.—Twenty, of which the following 15 are represented by tropical species: Acanthonyx, Achaeus, Apiomithrax, Calypsachaeus, new genus, Capartiella, new genus, Dorhynchus, Ergasticus, Eurynome, Herbstia, Inachus, Macropodia, Maja, Micropisa, Pisa, and Stenorhynchus. The other genera are as follows:

Anamathia Smith (1885:493). Substitute name for Amathia Roux (1828, pl. 3), an invalid junior homonym of Amathia Lamouroux, 1812; type-species: Amathia rissoana Roux, 1828, by monotypy; gender: feminine; name 1606 on Official List.

Hyas Leach (1814:431). Type-species: Cancer araneus Linnaeus, 1758, by monotypy; gender: masculine.

Hyastenus White (1847b:56). Type-species: Hyastenus sebae White, 1847, by monotypy; gender: masculine.

Lissa Leach (1815b:69). Type-species: Cancer chiragra Fabricius, 1775, by monotypy; gender: feminine; name 1302 on Official List.

Rochinia A. Milne Edwards (1875, in 1873–1881:86). Type-species: Rochinia gracilipes A. Milne Edwards, 1875, by monotypy; gender: feminine; name 1647 on Official List.

EASTERN ATLANTIC SPECIES.—Sixty-six, of which 49 occur in tropical waters. Monod (1956) recorded the following species.

Name in Monod Current Name

Maja squinado Maja squinado

Maja verrucosa Maja crispata

Maja goltziana Maja goltziana

Eurynome aspera Eurynome aspera*

Herbstia rubra Herbstia rubra

Herbstia rubra Herbstia condyliata*

Pisa tetraodon Pisa tetraodon

Pisa nodipes Pisa nodipes

Pisa gibbsi Pisa armata*

Pisa carinimana Pisa carinimana*

Micropisa ovata Micropisa ovata

Apiomithrax violaceus Apiomithrax violaceus*

Apiomithrax bocagei Apiomithrax bocagei

Acanthonyx lunulatus Acanthonyx lunulatus

Dorhynchus thomsoni Dorhynchus thomsoni

Ergasticus clouei Ergasticus clouei

Inachus angolensis Inachus angolensis

Inachus dorsettensis Inachus nanus, new species*

Inachus guentheri Inachus guentheri

Inachus phalangium Inachus phalangium

Inachus thoracicus Inachus biceps, new species*

Inachus aguiari Inachus aguiarii

Inachus leptochirus Inachus leptochirus

Physachaeus (?) longipes Capartiella longipes*

Achaeus cranchi Achaeus cranchii

Achaeus foresti Achaeus foresti*

Achaeus sp. Achaeus trifalcatus

Achaeus monodi Achaeus monodi

Macropodia gilsoni Macropodia gilsoni*

Macropodia macrocheles Macropodia macrocheles*

Macropodia rostrata Macropodia spinulosa*

Macropodia straeleni Macropodia straeleni*

Stenorhynchus seticornis Stenorhynchus lanceolatus*

Representatives of 24 species were taken by the Pillsbury, eight of them previously undescribed.

The following species occur outside of the tropical region:

Achaeus gracilis O. Costa, 1839 (= Achaeus gordonae Forest and Zariquiey Alvarez, 1955). Forest and Zariquiey Alvarez (1955:68, figs. 2, 4, 6, 8) pointed out that two species of Achaeus could be recognized in the Mediterranean, A. cranchii Leach, 1817, and a second species that they named Achaeus gordonae. In their account Forest and Zariquiey Alvarez noted that O. Costa (1839, in Costa and Costa, 1838–1871:25) in his Fauna del Regno di Napoli, named a small crab, Macropodia gracilis, which has the general aspect of an Achaeus and that Costa also had recognized A. cranchii. Forest and Zariquiey Alvarez (1955:66) considered Costa's M. gracilis to be unidentifiable (“espèce douteuse”) and they did not synonymize it with A. cranchii. An examination of Costa's account and figure (pl. 3: fig. 1A,b) suggests to us that he was dealing with an Achaeus, one in which the rostral teeth are almost contiguous and the hepatic lobes of the carapace are poorly developed, characters which Forest and Zariquiey Alvarez used to separate A. gordonae from A. cranchii. In addition, in Costa's figure 1A the length/width ratio of the illustrated specimen is 1.44; this ratio was given by Forest and Zariquiey Alvarez as 1.16 to 1.38 in A. cranchii, 1.32 to 1.55 in A. gordonae. Thus this ratio in A. gracilis is larger than that of A. cranchii but fits well within the range reported for A. gordonae. We believe that Achaeus gordonae must be considered a synonym of Macropodia gracilis O. Costa, 1839. Achaeus gracilis occurs in the Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic; sublittoral, to about 20 m (Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968).

Anamathia rissoana (Roux, 1828). Azores and eastern Mediterranean; sublittoral to about 400 m (Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968).

Eurynome spinosa Hailstone, 1835. Eastern Atlantic, from Scandinavia and British Isles southward to NW Spain, Azores, Mediterranean; sublittoral, from about 180 to about 400 m (Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968; Christiansen, 1969).

Hyas araneus (Linnaeus, 1758). Eastern Atlantic from Barents Sea southward to NW France; also western Atlantic; sublittoral, shallow water to more than 300 m (Christiansen, 1969).

Hyas coarctatus Leach, 1815. Eastern Atlantic from Barents Sea and Arctic southward to NW France; also western Atlantic, northern Pacific; sublittoral, between 1 and 500 m (Christiansen, 1969).

Hyastenus hilgendorfi De Man, 1887. An Indo-West Pacific immigrant into the eastern Mediterranean, now known from the coasts of Israel (Lewinsohn and Holthuis, 1964) and Egypt (Ramadan and Dowidar, 1976).

Inachus communissimus Rizza, 1839. Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic, at least as far as Portugal; sublittoral, 15 to 24 m (Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968).

Lissa chiragra (Fabricius, 1775). Mediterranean, sublittoral, between 20 and 40 m (Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968).

Macropodia czernjawskii (Brandt, 1880). Meditteranean; sublittoral, between 10 and 30 m (Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968).

Macropodia deflexa Forest, 1978. Northeastern Atlantic, from southern England to Portugal; sublittoral, shallow water to 20 m (Forest, 1978).

Macropodia intermedia Bouvier, 1940. (See page 300).

Macropodia linaresi Forest and Zariquiey Alvarez, 1964. Eastern Atlantic, from southern England and France to Spain, Mediterranean; sublittoral, between 30 and 80 m (Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968; Forest, 1978).

Macropodia longirostris (Fabricius, 1775). Mediterranean; sublittoral, between 4 and 50 m (Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968).

Macropodia rostrata (Linnaeus, 1761). Northeastern Atlantic, from Norway southward at least to Mediterranean; sublittoral; tropical West Africa records are referable to M. spinulosa (Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968; Christiansen, 1969; Forest, 1978).

Macropodia tenuirostris (Leach, 1814). Northeastern Atlantic, from the Faroes southward to Portugal; sublittoral, to more than 150 m (Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968; Christiansen, 1969; Forest, 1978).

Pisa corallina (Risso, 1816). Mediterranean; sublittoral, usually in less than 10 m (Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968).

Pisa muscosa (Linnaeus, 1758). Mediterranean; sublittoral, from 4–5 to about 40 m (Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968).

Rochinia carpenteri (Thomson, 1873). Eastern Atlantic, from Iceland and the Faroes southward to NW Africa, Azores; sublittoral, from about 180 to about 1300 m (Zariquiey Alvarez, 1968; Christiansen, 1969).

We believe that the following species, tentatively recorded by Monod (1956) from West Africa, are based on erroneously labeled specimens (each is known from a single specimen thought to be West African) and should not be included in the West African fauna:

Libinia erinacea A. Milne Edwards, 1879. A western Atlantic species recorded from “West Africa” as Libinia dubia by Streets (1870:105) and subsequently recorded by Rathbun (1925:321). Monod (1956:514, fig. 705), who examined the specimen, identified it with L. erinacea.

Notolopas brasiliensis Miers, 1886. A western Atlantic species reported by Monod (1956:513, figs. 703, 704), based on a specimen collected off South-West Africa in 1900.

Rochinia gracilipes A. Milne Edwards, 1875. A western Atlantic species included by Monod (1956:516, figs. 706–708), on the basis of a single specimen from Gabon collected by Heurtel. Much of the material from Gabon in this collection apparently has been erroneously labeled.