Biology
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The white-winged apalis is an insectivore that is found in pairs, or sometimes in flocks with other bird species, searching for food in the forest canopy. It favours trees with thin, well-spread crowns, where it plucks its insect prey from leaves and twigs (2).
This species forms monogamous pairs that breed between October and January. Together the pair construct an oval bag-like nest made of beard lichen, lined with white and silky seed plumes, suspended from a bare branch many meters above the ground (2). The female lays and incubates a clutch of two to three eggs, and both the male and female feed beetle larvae to the newly hatched chicks (2).
Conservation
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In many parts of the white-winged apalis' range there are measures in place which aim to conserve the forests. For example, some of the lower River Tana forests lie within the Tana River Primate National Reserve (4); in the Uluguru Mountains, Tanzania, there are programmes aiming to increase the involvement of local communities in forest management, and the Udzungwa Mountains National Park is supported by a community forestry programme (3). Such efforts are important not only for the vulnerable white-winged apalis, but also for other threatened inhabitants of the forests. Conducting surveys to determine whether the subspecies A.c. chariessa still persists in the lower River Tana forests would seem to be an important next step as, if it still exists, conservation measures need to be swiftly implemented to bring this race back from the brink of extinction.
Description
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This pretty, forest-dwelling bird has bright plumage and an exceptionally long and graduated tail (2). There are two subspecies of the white-winged apalis, one of which has not been seen since 1961. Apalis chariessa chariessa males have glossy black upperparts, a conspicuous white panel on the folded wing (hence the name), and a black tail with white tips. A distinctive black band separates the white throat from the golden yellow breast. Females are duller than the males and have a dark grey head, olive-green upperparts, and a dark grey tail with whitish tips. The lower throat and breast-band is also dark grey (2). Subspecies Apalis chariessa macphersoni is slightly larger than A.c. chariessa and has a less well-defined orange breast (2). Both subspecies have brown irises, black bills and pinkish-brown legs (2). The male sings a lively, repeated tee-luu dee-lu, often in duet with a female(3).
Habitat
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The white-winged apalis inhabits lowland, riverine and mid-altitude forests, generally below 1,600 meters, but is also found in secondary forests and gardens (2).
Range
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A.c. chariessa is known only from the lower River Tana, east Kenya, but has not been seen since 1961. A.c. macphersoni occurs in forests in central and south Tanzania, south Malawi, and adjacent north Mozambique (2) (3).
Status
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Classified as Vulnerable (VU) on the IUCN Red List 2007 (1).
Threats
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It is possible that the subspecies A.c. chariessa is extinct, as it has not been observed since 1961 (2), and large areas of forest meandering along the banks of the lower River Tana have been cleared for cultivation, or for timber for poles and canoes (4). A.c. macphersoni is also under threat from the destruction of forests; particularly in south-eastern Malawai where remaining forest fragments continue to be cleared resulting in very little suitable habitat remaining(3). However, observations of the white-winged apalis in secondary forest and gardens give a little hope as this bird shows an ability to tolerate a degree of habitat disturbance (2).
Apalis adeinwyn
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Welsh
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Apalis adeinwyn: Brief Summary
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Welsh
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Aderyn a rhywogaeth o adar yw Apalis adeinwyn (sy'n enw gwrywaidd; enw lluosog: apalisiaid adeinwyn) a adnabyddir hefyd gyda'i enw gwyddonol Apalis chariessa; yr enw Saesneg arno yw White-winged apalis. Mae'n perthyn i deulu'r Teloriaid (yr Hen Fyd) (Lladin: Sylviidae) sydd yn urdd y Passeriformes.
Talfyrir yr enw Lladin yn aml yn A. chariessa, sef enw'r rhywogaeth.
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White-winged apalis
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White-winged apalis: Brief Summary
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The white-winged apalis (Apalis chariessa) is a species of bird in the family Cisticolidae. It is found in Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist montane forest. It is threatened by habitat loss.
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Apalis chariessa
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Apalis chariessa: Brief Summary
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Spanish; Castilian
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El apalis aliblanco (Apalis chariessa) es una especie de ave paseriforme de la familia Cisticolidae propia de África oriental.
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Apalis chariessa
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Basque
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(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Apalis chariessa: Brief Summary
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Basque
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Apalis chariessa Apalis generoko animalia da. Hegaztien barruko Cisticolidae familian sailkatua dago.
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Kirjosiipiapali
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Finnish
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Kirjosiipiapali (Apalis chariessa)[2] on herttujen heimoon kuuluva varpuslintu.
Levinneisyys
Kirjosiipiapalia tavataan Malawissa, Mosambikissa ja Tansaniassa. Keniasta se on mahdollisesti kuollut sukupuuttoon. Laji on luokiteltu silmälläpidettäväksi, koska sitä tavataan vain pienellä alueella ja koska sen kanta on pieni ja vähenemässä. Sen populaatioksi arvioidaan 2 500–9 999 yksilöä.[1]
Elinympäristö
Kirjosiipiapali suosii korkeita, kosteita ja reheviä metsiä, ja sitä tavataan yleensä alle 1 600 metrin korkeudella merenpinnasta.[1]
Lähteet
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↑ a b c d Apalis chariessa IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. (englanniksi) Viittausvirhe: Virheellinen
-
↑ Väisänen, R. A.; Högmander, H.; Björklund, H.; Hänninen, L.; Lammin-Soila, M.; Lokki, J. & Rauste, V.: Maailman lintujen suomenkieliset nimet. 2., uudistettu painos. Helsinki: BirdLife Suomi ry, 2006. Teoksen verkkoversio.
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Kirjosiipiapali: Brief Summary
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Finnish
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Kirjosiipiapali (Apalis chariessa) on herttujen heimoon kuuluva varpuslintu.
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Witvleugelapalis
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Dutch; Flemish
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Vogels De witvleugelapalis (Apalis chariessa) is een zangvogel uit de familie Cisticolidae.
Verspreiding en leefgebied
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Witvleugelapalis: Brief Summary
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Dutch; Flemish
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De witvleugelapalis (Apalis chariessa) is een zangvogel uit de familie Cisticolidae.
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Apalis chariessa
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Apalis chariessa: Brief Summary
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Portuguese
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Apalis chariessa é uma espécie de ave da família Cisticolidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Quénia, Malawi, Moçambique e Tanzânia.
Os seus habitats naturais são: florestas subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de baixa altitude e regiões subtropicais ou tropicais húmidas de alta altitude.
Está ameaçada por perda de habitat.
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Vitvingad apalis
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Swedish
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Vitvingad apalis: Brief Summary
(
Swedish
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Vitvingad apalis (Apalis chariessa) är en fågel i familjen cistikolor inom ordningen tättingar.
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Apalis chariessa
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Vietnamese
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Apalis chariessa: Brief Summary
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Vietnamese
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Apalis chariessa là một loài chim trong họ Cisticolidae.
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Datos: Q2225653
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Especies: Apalis chariessa
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