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Flowerpot Coral

Goniopora stokesi Milne Edwards & Haime 1851

Goniopora stokesi

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Goniopora stokesi is a species of colonial stony coral. As with other species in genus Goniopora, it has the common names 'flowerpot coral' and 'daisy coral'. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categorises its status as near threatened.[1]

Description

Goniopora stokesi is found widely across the northern Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. In roughly clockwise order: from Madagascar and the Gulf of Aden in the west, through the Maldives and southern India, through the East Indies, up to Japan, and down to northern parts of Western Australia, and to the Great Barrier Reef in the east.[1][2][3][4] It has been described as usually uncommon but conspicuous, but sometimes locally common.[1] It has been reported at depths of 9–20 m (30–66 ft), less commonly at 3–30 m (10–100 ft).[1] It is usually free-living; that is, not attached to a fixed substrate. Colonies are often found on sandy bottoms, in turbid and relatively still waters. They are usually hemispherical, and often have satellite (daughter) colonies which have not yet budded off.[1][2][3]

Goniopora stokesi has a reputation among aquarists both of being readily available commercially, and of being difficult to maintain in captivity.[5][6] The aquarium trade may be one reason why the species is under threat.[1]

The specific epithet stokesi may be in honour of Charles Stokes (c. 1784 - 1853), a respected English amateur malacologist. It would be necessary to consult the original paper describing the species[7] (which as of 2018 does not seem to have been digitised) to settle the matter.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Sheppard, A.; Fenner, D.; Edwards, A.; Abrar, M.; Ochavillo, D. (2008). "Goniopora stokesi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T133668A3855942. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T133668A3855942.en. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Goniopora stokesi". Australian Institute of Marine Science. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  3. ^ a b "Goniopora stokesi". coralsoftheworld.org. Retrieved 25 June 2018. This citation includes an excellent collection of photographs.
  4. ^ Kitano, Yuko F.; Obuchi, Masami; Uyeno, Daisuke; Miyazaki, Katsumi; Fukami, Hironobu (2013). "Phylogenetic and taxonomic status of the coral Goniopora stokesi and related species (Scleractinia: Poritidae) in Japan based on molecular and morphological data" (PDF). Zoological Studies. 52: 25–40. doi:10.1186/1810-522X-52-25. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
  5. ^ Sprung, Julian (December 2002). "Aquarium Invertebrates: Captive Husbandry Of Goniopora, Spp. With Remarks About The Similar Genus Alveopora". Advanced Aquarist. Vol. 1. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  6. ^ "Goniopora stokesi". Tropical Fish Magazine. October 2006. Retrieved 25 June 2018.
  7. ^ Milne-Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1851). "Recherches sur les polypiers. Mémoire 7. Monographie des Poritides". Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Zoologie. 3 (in French). 16: 21–70.
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Goniopora stokesi: Brief Summary

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Goniopora stokesi is a species of colonial stony coral. As with other species in genus Goniopora, it has the common names 'flowerpot coral' and 'daisy coral'. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) categorises its status as near threatened.

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Biology

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zooxanthellate

Reference

van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO).

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Jacob van der Land [email]

Description

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Mature colonies are columnar. They may be surrounded by small, free living, roughly spherical balls, which grow into larger dome shaped colonies. The skeletal balls develop within the living tissue when still attached to the parent, and then detach to grow independently. (The second photo in both the b/w and colour series are polyp balls.) Calices are deep, sometimes 3 or 4 mm deep, and walls are thin and perforated. In free living balls, septal structures are especially thin and loosely packed, though this condition is also reached in rapidly growing parts of attached columns. The columella is very variable, sometimes very small, sometimes half a calice diameter. Septa are perforated and have an uneven appearance. The calices have a more ragged appearance than other Goniopora. Living polyps are about 10 cm long. The species is found mostly in turbid areas, or amongst sandy patches in broken reef areas, from 2 to 10 m deep. (Sheppard, 1998 ) Colonies are free-living or attached, hemispherical or short thick columns. Calices are 3-6 mm in diameter with high walls which have a ragged appearance. Columellae are broad and irregular. Small daughter colonies often occur imbedded in the living tissue or parent colonies. Polyps are of mixed sizes, the larger being very elongate. Colour: uniform brown or green. Abundance: Uncommon usually found free-living, on sandy substrates. (Veron, 1986 ) Easily recognised under water, as the polyps are fully extended during the day. The presence of "polyp balls"--small skeletal spheres which grow attached to the parent colony and then drop off to form independent colonies--also characterise this species. Polyps have large, white oral cones and, with their 24 tentacles extended, colonies have the appearance of a cluster of daisies. Colonies form low mounds. Colour: usually pale greyish-green. Habitat: sheltered, commonly turbid areas. (Richmond, 1997)

Reference

Roux, J.P. (2001) Conspectus of Southern African Pteridophyta. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report 13 Page 118 (Includes a picture).

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