Known predators of red-fronted lemurs in Ranomafana National Park include fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox), Madagascar harrier-hawks (Polyboroides radiatus), and Henst’s goshawks (Accipiter henstii).
When red-fronted lemurs first hear vocalizations of predators, they increase vigilance and decrease activity levels for approximately one hour. Upon hearing the vocalization of an aerial predator, individuals search the sky, move lower in the canopy, and emit an alarm call or flee. On observing a terrestrial predator, individuals move higher in the canopy, heighten vigilance, and emit an alarm call.
There is no evidence to support that living in large social groups is a successful anti-predator strategy in red-fronted lemurs. Although large groups include more alert individuals or provide a sort of "dilution effect," a large group is noisy and may easily attract predators.
Known Predators:
Red-fronted lemurs range from 2.18 to 2.25 kg in mass, and have a mean body length of 378 mm and a tail length of 499 to 508 mm. There is considerable variation in testicle size within males of this species, as some males have a testicular volume that is 2 to 7 times larger than others.
Although there is no sexual dimorphism in size, there are differences in coloration between the sexes. Male red-fronted lemurs have a grizzled grey to grey-brown dorsal pelage and a lighter creamy-grey pelage on the underside. The face, muzzle, and mid-forehead are black, with a thin dark line extending up into and dividing the russet orange crown. Their cheeks and beard are distinctively bushy and white, and they have white eyebrow patches. There is considerable regional variation among females, which have grey-brown to red/orange-brown dorsal pelage and tail and pale grey underparts. Females also have a black face and muzzle with a dividing line extending up to the crown, although their crown is grizzled grey in color. They also have white eyebrow patches and white cheeks, although they are somewhat less bushy than those of the males.
Range mass: 2.18 to 2.25 kg.
Average length: 378 mm.
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes colored or patterned differently
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Red-fronted lemurs generally live 20 to 25 years in the wild, although lifespan in the wild has been estimated to be 30.8 years.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 20 to 30.8 years.
Red-fronted lemurs reside in primary and secondary rainforest and the interiors of dry deciduous forest. There are lower densities of this species in edge habitats, (the boundaries of two different habitats, such as a forest and a field), due to the reduced heights and diameters of trees in these areas. Red-fronted lemurs are found at altitudes of 275 to 1670 m above sea level.
Range elevation: 275 to 1670 m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest
Red-fronted lemurs, Eulemur rufus are found only on the island of Madagascar and are located in two distinct populations on the eastern and western portions of the island. The eastern population is bounded in the north by the Onive and Mangoro Rivers and in the south by the slopes of Andringitra. There is another population on the south-eastern slopes of Andringitra Massif, which shares a 60 km wide hybridization zone with Eulemur cinereiceps around the Iantara River. In the west, red-fronted lemurs are found south of the Fiherenana River near Toliara, and north up to the Betsiboka River. There is also a separate population south of Pic d’Ivohibe.
Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: island endemic
Red-fronted lemurs are highly frugivorous, and fruit makes up more than 50 % of their diet. They also consume leaves, flowers, insects, arthropods, and other food items.
In Ranomafana National Park in southeastern Madagascar, red-fronted lemurs spend an average of 173.0 min per day feeding. Daily amount of time feeding is negatively correlated with fruit availability. Red-fronted lemurs initiate on average 21.7 feeding bouts per day and feed for an average of 8.5 min in a given session. Red-fronted lemurs migrate seasonally when the fruit availability is low.
Red-fronted lemurs consume plant material from 104 plant species and acquire fruit from over 50 % of plant species in their diet. The mostly commonly exploited species are Harungana madagascariensis, Gambeya madagascariensis, Chrysophyllum boivinianum, and Ficus pyrifolia, and red-fronted lemurs primarily obtain fruit from these plants. They also consume new and mature leaves and whole flowers from plants.
From October to March, red-fronted lemurs consume insects and millipedes, with a peak consumption period in November. They eat a variety of insects, including walking sticks, red ants, and flies. Red-fronted lemurs can lick red ants from a tree while hanging vertically and grab flies out of the air. Red-fronted lemurs "wash" some species of millipedes before ingesting them. After removing a millipede from a branch, they place one end of the millipede in their mouths and wait for saliva to foam at the corners of their mouths. They proceed to roll the millipede between their hands or on their abdomens and persist in covering the millipede with saliva for another 5 to 6 minutes. They then consume the millipede in five or six bites. Red-fronted lemurs also eat pillbugs, but do not process them.
On rare occasions, red-fronted lemurs ingest dirt, mushrooms, leaf petioles, feces, and bark. The dirt consumed is either red clay, acquired from trails, or black soil, acquired from the banks of stream beds. Coprophagy was observed when an individual in the group defecated on a branch and another individual picked up the feces and consumed it.
Adult red-fronted lemurs also regurgitate and re-swallow food. They accomplish this by tilting their head back, pointing their nose vertically, vomiting, and then swallowing the vomitus. This regurgitation activity takes place during rest periods after feeding on unripe fruit and mature leaves and may be a tactic to re-digest some food materials more efficiently.
When obtaining water, red-fronted lemurs drink from both terrestrial and arboreal sources, such as streams, puddles, and hollow portions of fallen trees.
Animal Foods: insects; terrestrial non-insect arthropods
Plant Foods: leaves; wood, bark, or stems; fruit; flowers
Other Foods: dung
Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore )
Across Madagascar, Eulemur rufus is sympatric with many other species of lemurs. In the western region of the island, E. rufus and Propithecus verreauxi share the same predators and have similar responses to predator recognition. The two species are able to understand conspecific aerial and general alarm calls in response to predators and have a mutually beneficial relationship of predator warning.
In both dry deciduous forests and rainforests, red-fronted lemurs are also important contributors to seed dispersal.
Red-fronted lemurs in Tsiombokibo Forest in western Madagascar are parisitized by Lemurostrongylus spp. and Trichurus spp. Mites of the family Laelapidae have been found on the facial region and ears of red-fronted lemurs and do not appear to cause itching or irritation.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds
Commensal/Parasitic Species:
Red-fronted lemurs may contribute to tourism or indirect economic investment in Madagascar due to the unique presence of lemurs on the island.
Positive Impacts: ecotourism
There are no known adverse effects of red-fronted lemurs on humans.
In 2000, Eulemur rufus was classified as a species of lower risk/near threatened by the IUCN. Currently, the species is provisionally listed as Data Deficient, due to previous conflation of E. rufus and E. rufifrons in population studies. However, due to threats, it is likely that E. rufus will be listed as near threatened or vulnerable in the future. Historically, these threats have included selective logging and use of forest products within lemur habitat, reducing habitat and causing dietary stress. This species is listed on Appendix I of CITES.
CITES: appendix i
Red-fronted lemurs utilize a variety of vocalizations, including grunts and contact calls. These include a nasaly "ohn" sound, which is used to maintain group cohesion, a high pitched territorial "cree," and a "crou," which is an alarm call. Red-fronted lemurs have several different types of alarm calls, including a general alarm call for carnivores and raptors as well as a specific alarm call for raptors.
Red-fronted lemurs also communicate using olfactory cues such as scent marking, rubbing the head against an object or another animal, and sniffing and licking of objects or the genitals of another animal. Prominent males within the group have higher rates of olfactory behavior, and thus higher rates of scent-marking may indicate social status within the group. Hourly rates of olfactory events range from 2.76 to 2.85 for central males, versus 0.59 to 0.87 for other males. Male red-fronted lemurs engage with female scents significantly more often than the reverse. Males occasionally rub their heads on the anogenital region of a female or on an object close to her.
Communication Channels: tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Other Communication Modes: scent marks
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Eulemur rufus was once considered a subspecies of E. fulvus, which contained 5 to 6 other subspecies. In 2001, Groves re-classified all of the subspecies to full species based on distinct external appearances, craniodental morphology, and genetic evidence. Additionally, E. rufifrons was recently separated from E. rufus based on morphological and genetic data. These species, however, may require further taxonomic revision as additional data is gathered on the lemurs of Madagascar.
Red-fronted lemurs in central western Madagascar are polygynous and live in groups with multiple males and females. In each group, resident females interact more frequently with a single "central" male than with other males. Females copulate significantly more frequently with the central male than with other resident males. However, females do not have exclusive mates and copulate with almost all males in the group during their cycle. In general, there is a lack of strong male-female bonds or special relationships in this species. Male red-fronted lemurs possess relatively large testes, likely indicating the importance of sperm competition as a driving force of intrasexual selection. Frequency of infanticide by resident males is reduced due to the discreet estrus cycle and subsequent polygynous mating system of red-fronted lemurs.
Mating System: polygynous ; polygynandrous (promiscuous)
Female red-fronted lemurs are fertile for only 1 to 3 days, but they copulate for a period of several days to weeks before and after the likely days of ovulation. Females are generally synchronous in their breeding intervals and do not show any visible signs of estrus, and therefore are not monopolized by males. Copulation usually occurs during May and June, and births usually occur during early to mid-October. Gestation lasts approximately 120 days. Young weigh approximately 75 g at birth. Females generally give birth to 1 offspring each year.
Female red-fronted lemurs lactate for 6 months after giving birth. During this period, females and their newborns are spatially isolated from other members of the group. Infant mortality in southeastern Madagascar ranged from 23 and 45 % over a period of 15 years.
Female red-fronted lemurs reach sexual maturity between 2 and 4 years of age. However, in two groups in southeastern Madagascar, young females (between 2 and 6 years) had a lower probability of reproductive success than females greater than 6 years of age. Reproductive success has also been tied to maternal body weight, with greater infant production and survival when mothers weigh between 2.3 and 2.6 kg. Males reach sexual maturity at 3 to 4.5 years of age.
Breeding interval: Red-fronted lemurs breed once yearly.
Breeding season: Red-fronted lemurs mate during May and June.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Average gestation period: 120 days.
Average weaning age: 6 months.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 to 4 years.
Range age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 3 to 4.5 years.
Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual
Female red-fronted lemurs show strong investment in their offspring and separate themselves and their infants from the social group after birth. Initially, a mother carries her infant on her belly. After approximately 1 month, the infant gains some motile independence and rides on its mother’s back. Infants are weaned at approximately 6 months of age.
In Ranomafana National Park in southeastern Madagascar, infant red-fronted lemurs separated themselves from their mothers for the first time at 26 days of age. The infants first gained locomotory independence at 55 days and were rejected by their mothers for riding the following day. They first consumed solid food at 55 days, and at 96 days they were rejected by their mothers for nipple feeding.
Male red-fronted lemurs do not carry or provide food for infants. However, they may allow infants to feed alongside them once offspring are independently mobile. Males show some interest in newborns, but generally do not provide any direct infant care.
Parental Investment: female parental care ; pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)
Eulemur rufus[1] a zo ur spesad primated eus kerentiad al Lemuridae.
Betek 2001 e veze sellet outañ evel un isspesad (Eulemur fulvus rufus) eus Eulemur fulvus.
Brosezat eo e kornôg Madagaskar.
Eulemur rufus a zo ur spesad primated eus kerentiad al Lemuridae.
Betek 2001 e veze sellet outañ evel un isspesad (Eulemur fulvus rufus) eus Eulemur fulvus.
El lèmur bru de front vermell (Eulemur rufus) és una espècie de lèmur de Madagascar. Fins al 2001, l'espècie E. rufus fou considerada una subespècie del lèmur bru (E. fulvus)[1] però des d'aleshores se l'ha reconegut com a espècie pròpia. Al desembre del 2008 se la separà en dues espècies diferents: el lèmur bru de front vermell (E. rufus), que viu a boscos de plana secs del nod-est de Madagascar, i el lèmur de front vermell (E. rufifrons), que viu al sud-oest i l'est de l'illa.[2] Aquesta separació es basà en indicis genètics i morfològics.[2] Les anàlisis d'ADN mitocondrial indiquen que E. rufifrons podria ser més proper al lèmur bru (E. fulvus), el lèmur de front blanc (E. albifrons) i el lèmur bru de Sanford (E. sanfordi) que a E. rufus.[2]
El lèmur bru de front vermell (Eulemur rufus) és una espècie de lèmur de Madagascar. Fins al 2001, l'espècie E. rufus fou considerada una subespècie del lèmur bru (E. fulvus) però des d'aleshores se l'ha reconegut com a espècie pròpia. Al desembre del 2008 se la separà en dues espècies diferents: el lèmur bru de front vermell (E. rufus), que viu a boscos de plana secs del nod-est de Madagascar, i el lèmur de front vermell (E. rufifrons), que viu al sud-oest i l'est de l'illa. Aquesta separació es basà en indicis genètics i morfològics. Les anàlisis d'ADN mitocondrial indiquen que E. rufifrons podria ser més proper al lèmur bru (E. fulvus), el lèmur de front blanc (E. albifrons) i el lèmur bru de Sanford (E. sanfordi) que a E. rufus.
Lemur červenavý (Eulemur rufus) stejně jako ostatní druhy lemurů, se vyskytuje pouze na ostrově Madagaskar a to na jeho západě.
Lemur červenavý patří do řádu primátů, podřádu poloopice, konkrétně čeledi denních lemurů (Lemuridae). Dosahuje velikosti 40 cm, přičemž ocas má dalších 55 cm. Živí se plody, listy, větvičkami, kůrou a občas hmyzem. Samec má čelo oranžově červené, samička spíše namodralé. Samice je březí 120 dní, rodí jedno až dvě mláďata. Podle rudé čelenky se rozezná sameček již po narození.
{{Cite journal}} označená jako k „pouze dočasnému použití“. 
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Lemur červenavý ve Wikimedia Commons
Galerie Lemur červenavý ve Wikimedia Commons
Tento článek není dostatečně ozdrojován a může tedy obsahovat informace, které je třeba ověřit.Lemur červenavý (Eulemur rufus) stejně jako ostatní druhy lemurů, se vyskytuje pouze na ostrově Madagaskar a to na jeho západě.
Der Rote Maki (Eulemur rufus) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Lemuren (Lemuriformes). Im Jahr 2008 wurde er von R. Mittermeier und anderen anhand morphologischer und genetischer Unterschiede als eine vom Rotstirnmaki eigenständige Art anerkannt.
Das Fell dieser Tiere ist an der Oberseite rotbraun bis orangebraun gefärbt, der Bauch ist hellgrau. Die Schnauze, die Region um die gelblichen Augen und die Mitte der Stirn sind dunkelgrau bis schwarz, über den Augen, an den Backen und an der Kehle befinden sich weiße oder weißgraue Flecken. Die Backenhaare sind bei Männchen buschiger als bei Weibchen.
Rote Makis leben im Westen der Insel Madagaskar, ihr Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich vom Fluss Betsiboka im Norden bis zum Tsiribihina im Süden, südlich davon schließt das Verbreitungsgebiet des Rotstirnmakis an. Ihr Lebensraum sind trockene Laubwälder.
Über die Lebensweise dieser Art ist wenig bekannt, da nahezu alle Studien in Gebieten durchgeführt wurden, die jetzt dem Rotstirnmaki zugeschlagen wurden. Vermutlich sind sie Baumbewohner und kathemeral, das heißt, sie können sowohl am Tag als auch in der Nacht aktiv sein. Sie leben in kleinen Gruppen und ernähren sich vorwiegend von Früchten, daneben auch von anderen Pflanzenteilen und Kleintieren.
Über den Gefährdungsgrad des Roten Makis ist ebenfalls wenig bekannt, die IUCN listet ihn unter „zu wenig Daten vorhanden“ (data deficient). Vermutlich stellt die Zerstörung ihres Lebensraums durch Brandrodungen und Abholzungen die Hauptbedrohung dar.
Der Rote Maki (Eulemur rufus) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gruppe der Lemuren (Lemuriformes). Im Jahr 2008 wurde er von R. Mittermeier und anderen anhand morphologischer und genetischer Unterschiede als eine vom Rotstirnmaki eigenständige Art anerkannt.
Das Fell dieser Tiere ist an der Oberseite rotbraun bis orangebraun gefärbt, der Bauch ist hellgrau. Die Schnauze, die Region um die gelblichen Augen und die Mitte der Stirn sind dunkelgrau bis schwarz, über den Augen, an den Backen und an der Kehle befinden sich weiße oder weißgraue Flecken. Die Backenhaare sind bei Männchen buschiger als bei Weibchen.
Rote Makis leben im Westen der Insel Madagaskar, ihr Verbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich vom Fluss Betsiboka im Norden bis zum Tsiribihina im Süden, südlich davon schließt das Verbreitungsgebiet des Rotstirnmakis an. Ihr Lebensraum sind trockene Laubwälder.
Über die Lebensweise dieser Art ist wenig bekannt, da nahezu alle Studien in Gebieten durchgeführt wurden, die jetzt dem Rotstirnmaki zugeschlagen wurden. Vermutlich sind sie Baumbewohner und kathemeral, das heißt, sie können sowohl am Tag als auch in der Nacht aktiv sein. Sie leben in kleinen Gruppen und ernähren sich vorwiegend von Früchten, daneben auch von anderen Pflanzenteilen und Kleintieren.
Über den Gefährdungsgrad des Roten Makis ist ebenfalls wenig bekannt, die IUCN listet ihn unter „zu wenig Daten vorhanden“ (data deficient). Vermutlich stellt die Zerstörung ihres Lebensraums durch Brandrodungen und Abholzungen die Hauptbedrohung dar.
The red lemur (Eulemur rufus), also known as the rufous brown lemur or northern red-fronted lemur, is a species of lemur from Madagascar. Until 2001, the species E. rufus was considered a subspecies of the common brown lemur, E. fulvus,[4] after which it was classified as its own species. In December 2008, the species was split into two separate species, the red lemur, E. rufus, distributed in dry lowland forests in northwestern Madagascar, and the red-fronted lemur, E. rufifrons, distributed in southwest and eastern Madagascar.[3] The species split was based on genetic and morphological evidence.[3] Mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that E. rufifrons may be more closely related to the common brown lemur (E. fulvus), white-headed lemur (E. albifrons) and Sanford's brown lemur (E. sanfordi) than it is to E. rufus.[3]
The red lemur's range covers dry deciduous forests in southwestern Madagascar between the Betsiboka River to the north and the Tsiribihina River to the south.[3][1][5] The Tsiribihina River forms the boundary between E. rufus, which lives north of the river, and E. rufifrons, which lives south of the river.[3] It has a head and body length of 35 to 48 centimetres (14 to 19 in) and with a 45 to 55 centimetres (18 to 22 in) tail.[5] Its weight ranges between 2.2 and 2.3 kilograms (4.9 and 5.1 lb). It has a gray coat and black face, muzzle and forehead, plus a black line from the muzzle to the forehead, with white eyebrow patches.[5] Males have white or cream colored cheeks and beards, while females have rufous or cream cheeks and beards that are less bushy than males.[5]
The species is currently listed by the IUCN as Vulnerable. The most important threats to the species are hunting, as well as habitat destruction resulting from slash-and-burn agriculture, clearing of land for pasture, fuelwood gathering and logging.[1] The hunting level is viewed as unsustainable.[1]
The red lemur (Eulemur rufus), also known as the rufous brown lemur or northern red-fronted lemur, is a species of lemur from Madagascar. Until 2001, the species E. rufus was considered a subspecies of the common brown lemur, E. fulvus, after which it was classified as its own species. In December 2008, the species was split into two separate species, the red lemur, E. rufus, distributed in dry lowland forests in northwestern Madagascar, and the red-fronted lemur, E. rufifrons, distributed in southwest and eastern Madagascar. The species split was based on genetic and morphological evidence. Mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that E. rufifrons may be more closely related to the common brown lemur (E. fulvus), white-headed lemur (E. albifrons) and Sanford's brown lemur (E. sanfordi) than it is to E. rufus.
The red lemur's range covers dry deciduous forests in southwestern Madagascar between the Betsiboka River to the north and the Tsiribihina River to the south. The Tsiribihina River forms the boundary between E. rufus, which lives north of the river, and E. rufifrons, which lives south of the river. It has a head and body length of 35 to 48 centimetres (14 to 19 in) and with a 45 to 55 centimetres (18 to 22 in) tail. Its weight ranges between 2.2 and 2.3 kilograms (4.9 and 5.1 lb). It has a gray coat and black face, muzzle and forehead, plus a black line from the muzzle to the forehead, with white eyebrow patches. Males have white or cream colored cheeks and beards, while females have rufous or cream cheeks and beards that are less bushy than males.
The species is currently listed by the IUCN as Vulnerable. The most important threats to the species are hunting, as well as habitat destruction resulting from slash-and-burn agriculture, clearing of land for pasture, fuelwood gathering and logging. The hunting level is viewed as unsustainable.
El lémur marrón de frente roja (Eulemur rufus), es una especie de primate estrepsirrino de la familia Lemuridae, endémico de Madagascar. Este lémur fue considerado previamente una subespecie de Eulemur fulvus.[1]
Vive en la costa occidental de Madagascar, en los bosques secanos de las tierras bajas.[3] También tiene un lugar de distribución en Madagascar oriental, entre los ríos Mangoro y Onive, hasta el Macizo Andringitra.[3] Hay una considerable variación geográfica en la historia natural de esta especie. Las poblaciones occidentales tienden a tener territorios menores y densidades poblacionales mayores que las orientales, aunque el tamaño del grupo se mantiene bastante constante (generalmente entre 4 y 18 animales, con un promedio de 8 o 9).[3] Ninguno de los estudios sobre las poblaciones ha mostrado dominancias jerárquicas, y las agresiones tienden a ser bajas.[3]
La dieta es diversa, mezclando hojas, semillas, frutas, néctar y flores. Sin embargo, las poblaciones tienden a incorporar más hojas en su dieta.[3] Las poblaciones occidentales son de hábitos diurnos, pero presentan mayor actividad nocturna durante las temporadas secas, mientras que las orientales no presentan variaciones.[3]
La reproducción es estacional. En las poblaciones occidentales típicamente un macho monopoliza todas las hembras, mientras que en las orientales ese comportamiento es menos típico.[3]
El lémur marrón de frente roja (Eulemur rufus), es una especie de primate estrepsirrino de la familia Lemuridae, endémico de Madagascar. Este lémur fue considerado previamente una subespecie de Eulemur fulvus.
Eulemur rufus Eulemur primate lemuriformeetako espezie bat da. 2001erarte Eulemur fulvusen azpiespezietzat zuten zientzialariek, baina urte horretan espezie kategoriara igo zuten. 2008an, gainera, espeziea bitan zatitu eta Eulemur rufifrons bereizu zuten. ADNan eginiko ikerketek tesi hau mantentzen dute.
Nahiko espezie ezezaguna da eta ez dago datu askorik bere egoeraren inguruan. 35 eta 48 zentimetro arteko gorputza dute eta 45-50 zentimetroko isatsa. Bataz beste 2,2-2,3 kiloko pisua dute. Ar eta emeek kolore ezberdintasunak dituzte.
Artikulu hau biologiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz. Eulemur rufus Eulemur primate lemuriformeetako espezie bat da. 2001erarte Eulemur fulvusen azpiespezietzat zuten zientzialariek, baina urte horretan espezie kategoriara igo zuten. 2008an, gainera, espeziea bitan zatitu eta Eulemur rufifrons bereizu zuten. ADNan eginiko ikerketek tesi hau mantentzen dute.
Nahiko espezie ezezaguna da eta ez dago datu askorik bere egoeraren inguruan. 35 eta 48 zentimetro arteko gorputza dute eta 45-50 zentimetroko isatsa. Bataz beste 2,2-2,3 kiloko pisua dute. Ar eta emeek kolore ezberdintasunak dituzte.
Eulemur rufus est une espèce de primate lémuriforme de la famille des Lemuridae. Comme tous les lémuriens, il est endémique de l'île de Madagascar.
Eulemur rufus est une espèce de primate lémuriforme de la famille des Lemuridae. Comme tous les lémuriens, il est endémique de l'île de Madagascar.
Il lemure dalla fronte rossa (Eulemur rufus) è una specie di lemure endemica del Madagascar.[1][2]
Misura circa un metro di lunghezza, con la coda che è più lunga del corpo di circa 1/5: il peso raggiunge i 2 kg.
La specie presenta dimorfismo sessuale sotto forma di dicromatismo: il maschio è di color grigio-olivaceo, con guance e zona attorno agli occhi giallastri ed una corona arancione che va da un orecchio all'altro, mentre la femmina è di colore grigio-giallastro, ha la faccia biancastra e manca della corona.
Ambo i sessi hanno il muso e la fronte neri, mentre il maschio presenta dei ciuffi di pelo allungati sulle guance.
Fino a pochi anni fa, questi animali erano considerati sottospecie del lemure bruno (Eulemur fulvus), mentre le recenti analisi genetiche ne hanno permessa l'elevazione al rango di specie. Vivono in gruppi di 4-20 individui, che occupano un piccolo territorio (0,01 km², anche se le popolazioni orientali hanno territori ancora più piccoli): nel gruppo non si crea una gerarchia, tuttavia le zuffe sono molto rare. I rapporti all'interno del gruppo vengono mantenuti e rinsaldati tramite l'attività di grooming, per espletare la quale questi animali (come tutti i lemuri) hanno sviluppato una particolare conformazione degli incisivi inferiori (pettine dentale) e dell'unghia dell'indice delle zampe posteriori.
Le popolazioni occidentali mostrano abitudini prettamente diurne durante la stagione delle piogge, divenendo più notturne durante la stagione secca: le popolazioni orientali non mostrano una dicotomia così accentuata.
Si tratta di animali frugivori, che però non disdegnano di integrare la dieta con foglie (soprattutto le popolazioni occidentali), semi, fiori e nettare.
La gestazione dura quattro mesi: l'unico cucciolo nasce in autunno e per le prime tre settimane di vita resta attaccato al ventre materno, muovendosi solo per poppare, dopodiché si sposta dal dorso della madre e comincia a fare i primi tentativi di arrampicarsi da solo. Lo svezzamento avviene a circa cinque mesi d'età.
Nelle popolazioni occidentali, solitamente è un unico maschio che si accoppia con tutte le femmine di un gruppo, mentre nelle popolazioni orientali questo non è sempre vero.
L'aspettativa di vita media di questi lemuri è di 25 anni.
I lemuri dalla fronte rossa e i sifaka di Verreaux (Propithecus verreauxi) riconoscono i richiami di allarme l'uno dell'altro (comunicazione interspecifica).[3]
La specie è diffusa lungo gran parte della costa occidentale del Madagascar (l'unica specie di Eulemur a vivere nella zona occidentale del paese), con popolazioni sparse anche nella zona centro-orientale dell'isola (presenti fra il fiume Mangoro ed il massiccio di Andringitra).
Preferisce vivere nelle foreste secche in zone ad altezza modesta.
E. rufus è protetto all'interno del parco nazionale della Baia di Baly, del parco nazionale Tsingy di Namoroka, del parco nazionale Tsingy di Bemaraha e della Riserva naturale integrale Tsingy di Bemaraha.[1]
La specie è inserita nella Appendice I della Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES).[4]
Il lemure dalla fronte rossa (Eulemur rufus) è una specie di lemure endemica del Madagascar.
De roodkopmaki (Eulemur rufus) is een lemuur uit de familie van maki's (Lemuridae). Deze halfapen zijn endemische dieren op het eiland Madagaskar.
De wetenschappelijke naam Eulemur rufus werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1799 door Jean-Baptiste Audebert.[1] Later werd de roodkopmaki beschouwd als een van de zes ondersoorten van de bruine maki (Eulemur fulvus) en kreeg het de wetenschappelijke naam Eulemur fulvus rufus. In 2001 kregen al deze ondersoorten de soortstatus.[2] Na DNA-onderzoek werd Eulemur rufifrons in 2002 als aparte soort beschouwd. Voorheen werd de populatie van dit dier dier geklasseerd als E. rufus.[3]
Een volwassen roodkopmaki weegt tussen de 2 en 2,75 kilogram en kan een kop-romplengte van 35 tot 48 centimeter. Zijn staart is tussen de 45 en 55 centimeter lang. Ze bewegen zich horizontaal voort over alle vier de poten. Beide seksen hebben een grijs tot grijsbruine staart en bovenzijde en een crèmegrijze onderzijde. Soms zijn de poten donkerbruin. De oren zijn gedeeltelijk in de vacht verborgen en ze hebben oranjerode ogen. Mannetjes en wijfjes verschillen in de tekening van de kop. Bij mannetjes is het gezicht donkergrijs tot zwart van de bek tot het voorhoofd. Boven de ogen heeft het mannetje lichtere plekken en ook de wangen zijn lichtgekleurd. Het gezicht van de wijfjes vertoont minder zwart, van de snuit loopt het zwart door tot tussen de ogen en eindigt in een zwarte streep die naar de kruin loopt. Ook hebben wijfjes minder behaarde wangen dan de mannetjes.
De roodkopmaki brengt vrijwel zijn gehele leven door in de bomen, hij komt enkel op de grond om te drinken en om modder te eten. Ze foerageren meestal in gemengde groepen van 8 tot 10 dieren, maar dit aantal kan variëren van 4 tot 18 exemplaren. Roodkopmaki's in een groep communiceren met elkaar door middel van grommen en roepen. Wijfjes zijn, zoals bij alle lemuren, dominant. Dominant gedrag in een groep wordt echter zelden waargenomen. Het dieet van de roodkopmaki bestaat grotendeels uit fruit. Daarnaast eet de roodkopmaki ook bladeren, paddenstoelen en geleedpotigen, met name duizendpoten.
De roodkopmaki leeft in regenwouden en droge loofbossen in het noordwesten van Madagaskar.
Natuurlijke vijanden van de roodkopmaki zijn de fretkat en roofvogels, zoals de madagaskarhavik en de holenkiekendief. Een andere bedreiging is de vernietiging van zijn leefgebied door zwerflandbouw (slash-and-burn) en illegale houtkap. De status van de roodkopmaki is als 'kwetsbaar' opgenomen op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.[1]
De roodkopmaki (Eulemur rufus) is een lemuur uit de familie van maki's (Lemuridae). Deze halfapen zijn endemische dieren op het eiland Madagaskar.
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Lemuria rdzawa[3] (Eulemur rufus) – gatunek ssaka naczelnego z rodziny lemurowatych (Lemuridae). Zamieszkuje Madagaskar. Do 2001 uznawano go za podgatunek w obrębie gatunku Eulemur fulvus[4], z którego wyodrębniono go, podnosząc do rangi osobnego gatunku. W grudniu 2008 gatunek podzielono, wyróżniając na jego miejsce 2 odrębne gatunki. Eulemur rufus żyje na suchych nizinnych terenach porośniętych lasem na północnym zachodzie Madagaskaru. Natomiast Eulemur rufifrons występuje na południowym zachodzie, jak też na wschodzie wyspy. Podział bazował na badaniach genetycznych i morfologicznych. Analiza mitochondrialnego DNA wskazuje, że Eulemur rufifrons może być bliżej spokrewniony z Eulemur fulvus, Eulemur albifrons i Eulemur sanfordi, niż z Eulemur rufus[5].
Zasięg występowania tego gatunku lemura obejmuje suche lasy liściaste południowego zachodu Madagaskaru pomiędzy rzeką Betsiboka na północy i Tsiribihina na południu[5][2][6]. Rzeka Tsiribihina zakreśla granicę pomiędzy zasięgiem występowania Eulemur rufus, na północ od tego cieku wodnego, a Eulemur rufifrons zamieszkującego tereny położone na południe od rzeki[5]. Długość jego głowy i tułowia zawiera się pomiędzy 35 a 48 cm, podczas gdy ogon mierzy od 45 do 55 cm. Masa ciała tego zwierzęcia waha się pomiędzy 2,2 a 2,3 kg. Jego ciało pokrywa szare futro. Twarz jest barwy czarnej, podobnie jak czoło i pysk. Ciemna linia przebiega od pyska do czoła. Odróżniają się białe plamy brwiowe. Samce cechują się białymi czy kremowymi policzkami i brodą. natomiast samice charakteryzują się policzkami i brodą rudymi bądź kremowymi, zarost ich jest jednak mniej bujny, niż u płci męskiej[6].
Obecnie Międzynarodowa Unia Ochrony Przyrody umieszcza ten gatunek wśród tych, dla których brak danych nie pozwala zaliczyć ich do innej kategorii (Data Deficient – DD). Potrzebuje ona dokładniejszych danych tyczących się statusu populacji tego zwierzęcia. Natomiast prawie wszystkie znane uprzednio populacje, które zostały przebadane, przypisuje się obecnie do innego gatunku Eulemur rufufrons. Jednakże prawdopodobnie nowy zakres gatunku również wiąże się z pewnymi zagrożeniami. Prawdopodobnie w przypadku większej ilości informacji gatunek zaliczony został by do kategorii Near Threatened (gatunek bliski zagrożenia) bądź Vulnerable (gatunek narażony na wyginięcie). Najistotniejsze zagrożenia dla gatunku to prawdopodobnie polowania, jak też destrukcja środowiska wynikająca z wypalania terenów w celu pozyskania ich dla potrzeb rolnictwa, wylesianie lądu w celu pozyskania terenów na pastwiska oraz pozyskiwanie drewna[2].
Lemuria rdzawa (Eulemur rufus) – gatunek ssaka naczelnego z rodziny lemurowatych (Lemuridae). Zamieszkuje Madagaskar. Do 2001 uznawano go za podgatunek w obrębie gatunku Eulemur fulvus, z którego wyodrębniono go, podnosząc do rangi osobnego gatunku. W grudniu 2008 gatunek podzielono, wyróżniając na jego miejsce 2 odrębne gatunki. Eulemur rufus żyje na suchych nizinnych terenach porośniętych lasem na północnym zachodzie Madagaskaru. Natomiast Eulemur rufifrons występuje na południowym zachodzie, jak też na wschodzie wyspy. Podział bazował na badaniach genetycznych i morfologicznych. Analiza mitochondrialnego DNA wskazuje, że Eulemur rufifrons może być bliżej spokrewniony z Eulemur fulvus, Eulemur albifrons i Eulemur sanfordi, niż z Eulemur rufus.
Zasięg występowania tego gatunku lemura obejmuje suche lasy liściaste południowego zachodu Madagaskaru pomiędzy rzeką Betsiboka na północy i Tsiribihina na południu. Rzeka Tsiribihina zakreśla granicę pomiędzy zasięgiem występowania Eulemur rufus, na północ od tego cieku wodnego, a Eulemur rufifrons zamieszkującego tereny położone na południe od rzeki. Długość jego głowy i tułowia zawiera się pomiędzy 35 a 48 cm, podczas gdy ogon mierzy od 45 do 55 cm. Masa ciała tego zwierzęcia waha się pomiędzy 2,2 a 2,3 kg. Jego ciało pokrywa szare futro. Twarz jest barwy czarnej, podobnie jak czoło i pysk. Ciemna linia przebiega od pyska do czoła. Odróżniają się białe plamy brwiowe. Samce cechują się białymi czy kremowymi policzkami i brodą. natomiast samice charakteryzują się policzkami i brodą rudymi bądź kremowymi, zarost ich jest jednak mniej bujny, niż u płci męskiej.
Obecnie Międzynarodowa Unia Ochrony Przyrody umieszcza ten gatunek wśród tych, dla których brak danych nie pozwala zaliczyć ich do innej kategorii (Data Deficient – DD). Potrzebuje ona dokładniejszych danych tyczących się statusu populacji tego zwierzęcia. Natomiast prawie wszystkie znane uprzednio populacje, które zostały przebadane, przypisuje się obecnie do innego gatunku Eulemur rufufrons. Jednakże prawdopodobnie nowy zakres gatunku również wiąże się z pewnymi zagrożeniami. Prawdopodobnie w przypadku większej ilości informacji gatunek zaliczony został by do kategorii Near Threatened (gatunek bliski zagrożenia) bądź Vulnerable (gatunek narażony na wyginięcie). Najistotniejsze zagrożenia dla gatunku to prawdopodobnie polowania, jak też destrukcja środowiska wynikająca z wypalania terenów w celu pozyskania ich dla potrzeb rolnictwa, wylesianie lądu w celu pozyskania terenów na pastwiska oraz pozyskiwanie drewna.
Lêmure-vermelho (Eulemur rufus) é uma espécie de lêmure pertencente à família Lemuridae.[1]
Rödbröstad maki (Eulemur rufus) är en primat i familjen lemurer som förekommer på västra Madagaskar. Arten Eulemur rufifrons ansågs tidigare vara en underart eller ett synonym till rödbröstad maki.[2]
Med en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 35 till 48 cm, en svanslängd av 45 till 55 cm och en vikt av 2,2 till 2,3 kg är rödbröstad maki en medelstor art i släktet. Pälsen är på hanarnas baksida gråbrun till orangebrun medan buken är ljusgrå till krämfärgad. På huvudets topp har hanar rödaktig päls. Honor är mera rödaktig på ryggen och på huvudet finns gråbruna hår. I ansiktet finns hos båda kön en svartgrå region som går från hjässans mitt över näsan till munnen. Övriga delar kring ögonen är grå. Hos hanar är pälsen vid kinderna mera yvig.[3]
Rödbröstad maki vistas främst i torra lövfällande skogar. Den jagas i viss mån för köttets skull. Ett större hot är svedjebruk och skogsavverkningar för olika ändamål. Utförda studier undersökte främst arten Eulemur rufifrons som förekommer längre söderut. Därför saknas data för Eulemur rufus. IUCN listar arten med kunskapsbrist (DD).[1]
Vuxna hanar och honor samt deras ungar bildar flockar som vanligen har 4 till 18 medlemmar. Ibland bildas flockar med 30 till 100 individer. Inom flocken etableras en hierarki. Rödbröstad maki kan vara aktiv på dagen och på natten. Den äter frukter, blad, blommor, bark, trädens vätskor och jord samt olika ryggradslösa djur.[3]
Efter cirka 120 dagar dräktighet föder honan i september eller oktober en unge, sällan tvillingar. Könsmognaden uppnås efter två till tre år. Rödbröstad maki kan leva 20 till 25 år.[3]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Rödbröstad maki.
Rödbröstad maki (Eulemur rufus) är en primat i familjen lemurer som förekommer på västra Madagaskar. Arten Eulemur rufifrons ansågs tidigare vara en underart eller ett synonym till rödbröstad maki.
Vượn cáo đỏ (danh pháp hai phần: Eulemur rufus) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Lemuridae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Audebert mô tả năm 1799.[2] Loài này sinh sống ở Madagascar. Cho đến năm 2001, nó được coi là một phân loài của vượn cáo nâu.
Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Vượn cáo đỏ (danh pháp hai phần: Eulemur rufus) là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Lemuridae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Audebert mô tả năm 1799. Loài này sinh sống ở Madagascar. Cho đến năm 2001, nó được coi là một phân loài của vượn cáo nâu.
Краснолобый лемур[1] (лат. Eulemur rufus) — млекопитающее из семейства лемуровых.
Окраска самок рыжевато-бурая, самцов серо-бурая, над глазами расположены белые пятна, у самцов лоб рыжеватый.
Полвека назад был наиболее многочисленным лемуром Мадагаскара. Распространен был на большей части восточного[2] и западного Мадагаскара, а также Центрального плато. До настоящего времени сохранился только на немногочисленных охраняемых территориях западного и северо-западного Мадагаскара. Обитает в сухих листопадных лесах.
Краснолобые лемуры живут группами по 4 — 17 взрослых особей обоих полов. Не слишком территориальны, живут на очень маленьких участках. Питается преимущественно листьями, фруктами и цветами. Гон в апреле-июне. Беременность 4,5 мес. В августе-ноябре самка рождает одного детёныша. Лактационный период длится около 5 мес.
Численность уменьшается из-за вырубки лесов и охоты. Занесён в Приложение I СИТЕС. Охраняется в 3 национальных парках (Баие-де-Бали (Baie de Baly), Цинги-де-Бамараха (Tsingy de Bemaraha) и Цинги-де-Наморока (Tsingy de Namoroka)), заповеднике Цинги-де-Бамараха (Tsingy de Bemaraha Strict Nature Reserve), в 3 специальных резерватах (Бемариво (Bemarivo), Касиджи (Kasijy) и Манингоза (Maningoza)) и охраняемом лесу Циомбокибо (Tsiombokibo Classified Forest).
붉은여우원숭이 (Eulemur rufus)는 마다가스카르에서 발견되는 여우원숭이의 일종이다. 2001년까지, 붉은여우원숭이(E. rufus )는 갈색여우원숭이(E. fulvus)의 아종 중의 하나로 간주되었으며,[3] 이후 별도의 독립된 종으로 분류되었다. 2008년 12월, 이 종은 마다가스카르 북서부의 건조한 저지대 숲에 분포하는 붉은여우원숭이(E. rufus)와 마다가스카르 남서부와 동부 지역에 분포하는 붉은이마여우원숭이(E. rufifrons)의 2종으로 각기 분리되었다.[1]
붉은여우원숭이 (Eulemur rufus)는 마다가스카르에서 발견되는 여우원숭이의 일종이다. 2001년까지, 붉은여우원숭이(E. rufus )는 갈색여우원숭이(E. fulvus)의 아종 중의 하나로 간주되었으며, 이후 별도의 독립된 종으로 분류되었다. 2008년 12월, 이 종은 마다가스카르 북서부의 건조한 저지대 숲에 분포하는 붉은여우원숭이(E. rufus)와 마다가스카르 남서부와 동부 지역에 분포하는 붉은이마여우원숭이(E. rufifrons)의 2종으로 각기 분리되었다.
