Little golden-mantled flying foxes are hunted for food. Humans also use the animal to make charms for jewelry and other goods. Because they are vital pollinators and seed dispersers, little golden-mantled flying foxes help maintain a thriving ecosystem on the Philippine islands. They have been the subject of many experiments and research projects to help educate the public about fruit bats, small island ecosystems, and the importance of conservation of small islands.
Positive Impacts: food ; research and education
The only known predators of Pteropus pumilus are humans who hunt them for food and charms.
Known Predators:
Little golden-mantled flying foxes are bats and the smallest of the genus Pteropus. They have a rounded, oval-shaped body, and their fur is brown in color, though some individuals are gray in color. Their wings are furless, and they have claws at the end of their wings and feet. This species exhibits low sexual dimorphism. Adults usually range from 145 to 200 g in mass. Their wingspan averages 0.3 m in length.
Range mass: 145 to 200 g.
Average wingspan: 0.3 m.
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry
The lifespan of little golden-mantled flying foxes is currently unknown for individuals in the wild. The longest living specimen is a male in captivity at the Lubee Bat Conservancy at 17.2 years of age.
Range lifespan
Status: captivity: 17.2 (high) years.
Little golden-mantled flying foxes primarly live in lowland, well-developed secondary forests, although a roosting site has been found in a scrubland area. They live at elevations between 0 (sea level) and 1,250 m (average 1,1110 m). Little golden-mantled flying foxes require tropical forest environments to support their frugivorous diet, but due to deforestation and expanding farmland they occasionally invade farms, gaining a reputation as pests.
Range elevation: 0 to 1,250 m.
Average elevation: 1,110 m.
Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: rainforest ; scrub forest
Other Habitat Features: agricultural
Little golden-mantled flying foxes, Pteropus pumilus, are found on small and intermediate-sized islands in the Philippines including the Greater Luzon, Greater Mindanao, Greater Negros-Panay, Greater Palawan, Mindoro and Sibuyan faunal regions. They primarily live inland in lowland tropical forests.
Biogeographic Regions: oriental (Native )
Other Geographic Terms: island endemic
Little golden-mantled flying foxes are frugivorous, though their specific diet has not been identified. They have been observed eating the fruit of a Dangkalan tree. Their heightened sense of smell allows them to detect ripe fruit. The claws on their feet enable them to easily hang upside down from trees while they eat, though they also forage on the ground. The basal metabolic rate (BMR) of little golden-mantled flying foxes is lower than other members of the genus Pteropus because of their small size. It has been suggested that the small size and low BMR may be related to their living on small restricted islands and the lack of need for diet change, larger size, or higher BMR.
Plant Foods: fruit
Primary Diet: herbivore (Frugivore )
Little golden-mantled flying foxes are one of the largest seed dispersers on the small Philippine islands on which it resides. They carry a large amount of seeds for considerable distances, often beyond their primary habitat. This also contributes to forest regeneration. More then 145 genera of plants on the Philippine islands depend on little golden-mantled flying foxes for pollination and seed dispersal. This species is also the only known seed disperser of Ceiba pentandra or the silk cotton tree.
Ecosystem Impact: disperses seeds; pollinates; keystone species
Little golden-mantled flying foxes are occasionally found on farms and are considered pests to farmers.
Negative Impacts: crop pest
The IUCN Red List classifies little golden-mantled flying foxes as near threatened due to habitat depletion, hunting for food and charms, and persecution for being crop pests. They are also affected by natural disasters like cyclones. They are listed on Appendix II by CITES.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: appendix ii
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: near threatened
Unlike most bats, little golden-mantled flying foxes do not use echolocation to detect food, but rather use their olfactory senses. They can distinguish between ripe and unripe fruit based on their heightened sense of smell. Members of this species can see both during the day and during the night.
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; chemical
Unlike many other species of Pteropus where males tend to fight with other males for potential mates, little golden-mantled flying foxes are not aggressive during mating. Instead, male little golden-mantled flying foxes "wait in line" for a female rather then fighting other males. This species is polygynous.
Mating System: polygynous
Little is known about the reproductive cycles and behaviors of little golden-mantled flying foxes. What has been observed of reproduction of this species has been in captivity. Little golden-mantled flying foxes are generally solitary, and mating is the only activity in which they interact with other members of their species. They are are seasonal breeders, typically breeding in the fall. Females generally reproduce once a year,though on occasion they may breed twice a year. They normally give birth to one offspring each season, though occasionally twins are born. Little golden-mantled flying foxes reach independence at 11 to 12 weeks of age.
Breeding interval: Little golden-mantled flying foxes breed once to twice yearly.
Breeding season: Little golden-mantled flying foxes begin breeding in the fall.
Range number of offspring: 1 to 2.
Average number of offspring: 1.
Range time to independence: 11 to 12 weeks.
Average time to independence: 11 weeks.
Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (External ); viviparous
Female little golden-mantled flying foxes spend up to 11 weeks caring for their offspring, teaching the how to forage and move around by themselves. Due to the heavy involvement of mothers in the rearing of their offspring, females can only support 1, and in some rare instances 2, offspring at a time. Males do not invest any energy in raising young after birth.
Parental Investment: female parental care ; pre-fertilization (Protecting: Male, Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)
La guineu voladora de Taylor (Pteropus pumilus) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels pteropòdids. Viu a Indonèsia i les Filipines. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos secundaris de plana ben desenvolupats, tot i que també se la troba a arbustars. Està amenaçada per la caça i la desforestació.[1]
La guineu voladora de Taylor (Pteropus pumilus) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels pteropòdids. Viu a Indonèsia i les Filipines. El seu hàbitat natural són els boscos secundaris de plana ben desenvolupats, tot i que també se la troba a arbustars. Està amenaçada per la caça i la desforestació.
The little golden-mantled flying fox (Pteropus pumilus) is a species of bat in the family Pteropodidae. It is found in Indonesia and the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.
The little golden-mantled flying fox is one of the smallest species of fruit bat, weighs about 200 g (7 oz) and has a wingspan of about 76 centimetres (30 in).[2] The fur on its body is golden brown and it often has a paler head and mantle. This bat has claws on its feet and one (its thumbnail) on the end of its wings.[3]
The little golden-mantled flying fox is native to the Philippines and Miangas (Palmas), the northernmost island in Indonesia. In the Philippines, it is known from Balut, Camiguin, Leyte, Maripipi, Masbate, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, Panay, Sibuyan, Siquijor and Tablas. It occurs at altitudes of up to about 1,100 metres (3,600 ft) and is most common on smaller islands. Its habitat is primary forest and well-grown secondary forest.[1]
The little golden-mantled flying fox is a solitary species and does not roost in large groups as do many other fruit bats. Instead it makes a nest and roosts in a tree. It feeds on fruit but little is known of its precise diet. Like other fruit bats, it plays an important role in dispersing the seeds of forest trees. This bat usually breeds in the autumn. One offspring (or occasionally two) is generally produced each year and becomes independent of its mother after about eleven weeks.[3]
Populations of the little golden-mantled flying fox are in general in decline. The principal threats it faces are destruction of its rainforest habitat and hunting by humans for food. It is listed in Appendix II of CITES and occurs in a number of national parks and protected areas but nevertheless, the IUCN has rated it as "Near Threatened".[1]
The little golden-mantled flying fox (Pteropus pumilus) is a species of bat in the family Pteropodidae. It is found in Indonesia and the Philippines. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical dry forests.
Pteropus pumilus es una especie de murciélago de la familia Pteropodidae.
Su hábitat natural son: zonas tropicales o subtropicales, de bosques áridos.
Se encuentra amenazada de extinción por la pérdida de su hábitat natural.
Datos: Q596205
Multimedia:
Especies: Pteropus pumilus
Pteropus pumilus es una especie de murciélago de la familia Pteropodidae.
Pteropus pumilus Pteropus generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Pteropodidae familian sailkatuta dago.
Pteropus pumilus Pteropus generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Pteropodidae familian sailkatuta dago.
La piccola volpe volante dal mantello dorato (Pteropus pumilus Miller, 1910) è un pipistrello appartenente alla famiglia degli Pteropodidi, endemico delle Isole Filippine.[1][2]
Pipistrello di medie dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 130 e 190 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 89 e 113 mm e un peso fino a 200 g[3].
La pelliccia è corta. Le parti dorsali sono marroni scure in contrasto con le spalle giallo-brunastre chiare e la testa che varia dal giallo-brunastro chiaro al grigiastro, mentre le parti ventrali sono marroni chiare. Il muso è lungo ed affusolato, gli occhi sono grandi. Le orecchie sono relativamente corte ed hanno l'estremità arrotondata. La tibia è ricoperta di peli. Le membrane alari sono attaccate lungo i fianchi del corpo. È privo di coda, mentre l'uropatagio è ridotto ad una sottile membrana lungo la parte interna degli arti inferiori.
Si rifugia in piccoli gruppi tra le fronde di alberi. Emette suoni squillanti mentre sta cercando cibo.
Si nutre di fiori del Kapok e di frutti di alcune specie di Ficus.[4]
Le femmine partoriscono un piccolo all'anno.
Questa specie è diffusa nelle Filippine: Balut, Batu-Batu, Bongao, Provincia di Camiguin, Danjugan, Leyte, Luzon, Maripipi, Masbate, Mindanao, Mindoro, Negros, Panay, Romblon, Sanga-Sanga, Sibuyan, Siquijor e Tablas, possibilmente anche Cebu, e in alcune delle Isole Molucche: Miangas, Isole Talaud: Karakelong.[1]
Vive nelle foreste di pianura primarie e secondarie ben sviluppate fino a 1.100 metri di altitudine. Sembra essere più comune sulle isole più piccole.
In accordo alla suddivisione del genere Pteropus effettuata da Andersen[5], P. pumilus è stato inserito nello P. temminckii species Group, insieme a P. temminckii stesso, P. capistratus e P. personatus. Tale appartenenza si basa sulle caratteristiche di avere un rostro del cranio accorciato, sulla presenza di un ripiano basale nei premolari e sulle dimensioni ridotte.
Altre specie simpatriche dello stesso genere: P. hypomelanus, P. vampyrus e P. speciosus.
La IUCN Red List, considerato che la popolazione sta subendo un lento declino, anche se il suo areale è esteso, classifica P. pumilus come specie prossima alla minaccia (NT).[1]
La piccola volpe volante dal mantello dorato (Pteropus pumilus Miller, 1910) è un pipistrello appartenente alla famiglia degli Pteropodidi, endemico delle Isole Filippine.
Pteropus pumilus is een vleermuis uit het geslacht Pteropus die voorkomt op de Filipijnse eilanden Balut, Camiguin, Leyte, Maripipi, Masbate, Mindanao, Negros, Panay, Sibuyan, Siquijor en Tablas en op het Indonesische eiland Miangas, bij Mindanao.[2][3] De soort komt voor in primair of soms in secundair laaglandregenwoud, tot op 1100 of soms 1250 m hoogte. Deze vleermuis komt het meest voor op kleinere eilanden en is zeldzamer op grotere eilanden.[3] Het karyotype bedraagt 2n=38, FN=72.[4]
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesPteropus pumilus[2][3][4] är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Miller 1911. Pteropus pumilus ingår i släktet Pteropus och familjen flyghundar.[5][6] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som nära hotad.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[5]
Arten blir 155 till 180 mm lång, saknar svans och väger 145 till 200 g. Den har 103 till 113 mm långa underarmar, 34 till 40 mm långa bakfötter och 23 till 28 mm långa öron. Med sin långsträckta kraftiga nos och sina stora ögon liknar den andra flyghundar. Pälsen är tät och mjuk. Grundfärgen kan variera mellan ljusgrå och gulbrun. Kring axlarna förekommer en krage eller mantel av längre päls som kan ha en annan färg. Artens flygmembran har en brun till mörkbrun färg utan fläckar.[7]
Denna flyghund förekommer på centrala Filippinerna. Arten vistas i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 1250 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs nästan uteslutande av skogar.[1]
Individerna vilar troligen i trädens bladverk. Ensamma exemplar eller mindre grupper besöker fikonväxter eller fruktbärande träd och äter frukter. Pteropus pumilus flyger liksom andra släktmedlemmar ovanför trädens kronor.[7] Honor har en kull per år.[1]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Pteropus pumilus.
Wikispecies har information om Pteropus pumilus.
Pteropus pumilus är en däggdjursart som beskrevs av Miller 1911. Pteropus pumilus ingår i släktet Pteropus och familjen flyghundar. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som nära hotad. Inga underarter finns listade.
Arten blir 155 till 180 mm lång, saknar svans och väger 145 till 200 g. Den har 103 till 113 mm långa underarmar, 34 till 40 mm långa bakfötter och 23 till 28 mm långa öron. Med sin långsträckta kraftiga nos och sina stora ögon liknar den andra flyghundar. Pälsen är tät och mjuk. Grundfärgen kan variera mellan ljusgrå och gulbrun. Kring axlarna förekommer en krage eller mantel av längre päls som kan ha en annan färg. Artens flygmembran har en brun till mörkbrun färg utan fläckar.
Denna flyghund förekommer på centrala Filippinerna. Arten vistas i låglandet och i bergstrakter upp till 1250 meter över havet. Habitatet utgörs nästan uteslutande av skogar.
Individerna vilar troligen i trädens bladverk. Ensamma exemplar eller mindre grupper besöker fikonväxter eller fruktbärande träd och äter frukter. Pteropus pumilus flyger liksom andra släktmedlemmar ovanför trädens kronor. Honor har en kull per år.
Pteropus pumilus — вид рукокрилих, родини Криланових.
Країни поширення: Індонезія, Філіппіни. Висота проживання: від рівня моря до 1110 м, рідко до 1250 м. Пов'язаний з первинними і добре розвиненими вторинними низинними лісами. Розмножується один раз в рік.
Pteropus pumilus — вид рукокрилих, родини Криланових.
Pteropus pumilus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi quạ, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Miller mô tả năm 1911.[2]
Phương tiện liên quan tới Pteropus pumilus tại Wikimedia Commons
Bài viết họ Dơi quạ này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Pteropus pumilus là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi quạ, bộ Dơi. Loài này được Miller mô tả năm 1911.
작은황금망토날여우박쥐(Pteropus pumilus)는 큰박쥐과에 속하는 박쥐의 일종이다. 인도네시아와 필리핀에서 발견된다. 자연 서식지는 아열대 또는 열대 기후 지역의 건조림이다. 사냥과 서식지 감소뿐만 아니라 공해때문에 위협을 받고 있다.
작은황금망토날여우박쥐는 가장 작은 과일박쥐 중의 하나로 몸무게가 약 200g, 날개 폭이 약 76cm이다.[2] 몸의 털은 황금빛 갈색이며, 머리와 망토는 더 엷은색을 띠곤 한다. 발과 날개 끝에 밥톱을 가지고 있다.[3]
작은황금망토날여우박쥐는 필리핀과 인도네시아 북단의 미앙가스섬(팔마스섬)의 토착종이다. 필리핀에서는 발루트섬과 카미긴 주, 레이테섬, 마리피피섬, 마스바테주, 민다나오섬, 민도로섬, 네그로스섬, 파나이섬, 시부야섬, 시키호르주 그리고 타블라스섬에서 알려져 있다. 해발 고도 약 1100m 이하에서 서식하며, 작은 섬에서 가장 흔하게 발견된다. 서식지는 일차림과 잘 자란 이차림이다.[1]
