Description
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Cochranella nola adult males range from 20.7-21.1mm while females are slightly larger at 24.4-25.7mm (Harvey 1996; Kohler 2000). This species has (1) vomerine teeth present; (2) truncate snout; (3) large widely spaced eyes; diameter twice width of finger disc III; (4) tympanum small, indistinct; tympanic annulus also indistinct, covered by low supratympanic fold; (5) dorsal and lateral surfaces finely granulated, hands and feet smooth; (6) parietal peritoneum white, visceral peritonea clear; (7) tri-lobed liver; (8) humeral spine absent; (9) absence of melanophores on fingers; (10) extensive webbing between fingers III, IV; basal webbing between all other fingers; (11) long, slender hind legs; (12) extensive webbing between toes; (13) subcloacal folds and paired tubercle ornamentation absent; (14) bones dark green (Harvey 1996).Coloration in life: dorsal and lateral surfaces monochromatically green and covered with fine spiculates; clear, green tongue; white upper lip; iris light grey with black reticulations; white optical sclera which can be seen from ventral view of head; eyelid white; white parietal peritoneum and clear visceral peritonea, yellow intestines (Harvey 1996).The etymology is from the Latin noun nola which means "a little bell", referring to Cochranella nola's high-pitched call (Harvey 1996).
- Harvey, M. B. (1996). ''A new species of glass frog (Anura: Centrolenidae: Cochranella) from Bolivia, and the taxonomic status of Cochranella flavidigitata.'' Herpetologica, 52(3), 427-435.
- IUCN, Conservation International, and NatureServe. (2008). Global Amphibian Assessment: Cochranella nola. www.globalamphibians.org. Accessed on 22 October 2008.
- Lötters, S., and Köhler, J. (2000). ''Cochranella nola (Anura: Centrolenidae): natural history notes, distribution, and advertisement call.'' Herpetological Natural History, 7(1), 79-81.
Distribution and Habitat
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This species is endemic to Bolivia, within the Departamento Santa Cruz. It is found along streams in dry, semi-deciduous montane forests, humid montane forests, and rainforests, at altitudes of 500m to 1750m asl (De la Riva et al. 2000; Harvey 1996; Kohler 2000; Lotters and Kohler 2000), such as the Quebrada El Fuerte, a fast-flowing tributary of the Río Piray (Harvey 1996).
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
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Calling males have been found perched on vegetation 0.3-5 m above the fast-flowing, 1m deep, gravel-bottomed, sun-exposed stream, or on boulders in the stream. Males called as individuals or as small groups of no more than six, and were spaced out 2-20cm from each other. Mating calls consisted of a single high pitched note, sounding like a sharp "pink," or a series of three rapid notes. The calls occurred at irregular intervals (Harvey 1996; Kohler 2000). Egg clutches are amassed on stream rocks (IUCN 2008).
Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors
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The species is categorized as Near Threatened because its habitat is probably declining in quality as well as quantity, and the population of this species is declining. However, it is not qualified as Vulnerable because the species is almost certainly assumed to occur in a wider range of area than the Departamento Santa Cruz. The major threat is agricultural contamination of water (IUCN 2008).
Cochranella nola
provided by wikipedia EN
Cochranella nola is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae, the glass frogs, so named because of the transparent skin on the underside of the abdomen through which the internal organs can be seen.[2] This species is endemic to Bolivia where it is found in the Andean foothills in the Santa Cruz Department. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. The scientific name nola is Latin for "small bell", and refers to the high-pitched, bell-like call of the male in the breeding season.[3]
Description
Cochranella nola is a small arboreal species of glass frog. Males are about 21 mm (0.8 in) long while females are a little larger at 25 mm (1.0 in). This frog has a truncated snout and vomerine teeth, widely-separated eyes and small, indistinct tympani. The dorsal surface and flanks are finely granulated while the hands and feet are smooth. The limbs are slender, the digits having adhesive toepads; there is extensive webbing between fingers III and IV, and between the toes. The dorsal surface and flanks of this frog are a uniform green with fine white speckling; the ventral surface is white, the hind part being transparent, enabling the yellow intestines to be seen.[4] The upper lip is white, the tongue is green and the iris is white, with dark reticulations, and a horizontal pupil. The bones are dark green.[4]
Distribution and habitat
Cochranella nola was first described in 1996 from the Santa Cruz Department in Bolivia, where it occurred near water courses in dry, semi-deciduous montane forests, damper montane forests and lowland rainforests, at altitudes between about 500 and 1,750 m (1,600 and 5,700 ft).[4] In 2013, the first record of its presence in Peru was recorded, it having been found in Bahuaja-Sonene National Park in the southeast of the country.[5]
Ecology
In the breeding season, males call from near fast-flowing streams, either from rocks in the streambed, or from foliage up to a few meters above the water. Up to six males may call in chorus, spaced out a few centimetres apart. The calls are either single high-pitched "pinks" at irregular intervals, or groups of three "pinks" in quick succession. Females lay clutches of eggs on wet boulders.[4]
Status
In its limited range in Bolivia, this species is common, but it is threatened by pollution of the streams where it breeds which can suffer from agricultural run-off, and the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated it as "near-threatened". Now that it has been recorded from a further location in Peru, this frog's conservation status may need to be reassessed.[1]
References
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Cochranella nola: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Cochranella nola is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae, the glass frogs, so named because of the transparent skin on the underside of the abdomen through which the internal organs can be seen. This species is endemic to Bolivia where it is found in the Andean foothills in the Santa Cruz Department. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. The scientific name nola is Latin for "small bell", and refers to the high-pitched, bell-like call of the male in the breeding season.
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