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Moon Snails

Naticidae Guilding 1834

Mondschnecken ( German )

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Als Mondschnecken oder auch Nabelschnecken (Naticidae) bezeichnet man eine Familie ausschließlich mariner Schnecken, deren bisher beschriebene Arten sich fleischfressend ernähren. Sie erbeuten andere Weichtiere, fressen aber auch Aas. Erste Vertreter der Naticiden erscheinen im Fossilbericht bereits in Ablagerungen der Unterkreide.[1][2]

Merkmale

Die Gehäuse sind rechtsgewunden und haben eine Adultgröße von etwa 1 bis 12 cm. Die Gehäuseform ist innerhalb der Familie sehr variabel und reicht von ohrförmigen, kugeligen und eiförmigen Formen bis zu konischen Gehäusen. Die Schale kann verhältnismäßig dick sein. Sie kann mit einem kalkigen oder hornigen Operculum verschlossen werden. Der Fuß ist charakteristischerweise extrem groß und schwellbar mit einem großen Propodium. Die Radula ist taeniogloss (Bandradula). Die Vertreter der Familie sind, soweit bekannt, getrenntgeschlechtlich.[3][4]

Verbreitung

Mondschnecken sind typische Weichbodenbewohner und kommen von den Tropen bis in die Polargebiete vor.[2] In der Nordsee sind sie unter anderen durch die Halsband-Mondschnecke (Lunatia catena), die Ungefleckte Mondschnecke (Lunatia montagui) und die Glänzende Mondschnecke (Euspira pulchella) vertreten. Im Mittelmeer sehr häufige Arten sind insbesondere die Hebräische Mondschnecke (Natica hebraea), die Tausendpunkt-Mondschnecke (Natica stercusmuscarum) und die Josephines Mondschnecke (Neverita josephinia).[5] Im Indopazifik gibt es sehr viele Arten, von denen unter anderen die Blasen-Mondschnecke (Glossaulax didyma), die Orientalische Mondschnecke (Naticarius orientalis) und die Australische Mondschnecke (Conuber sordidum) zu nennen sind. An der Westküste Nordamerikas lebt die mit bis zu 13 cm Gehäusedurchmesser größte Mondschneckenart, die Lewis-Mondschnecke (Lunatia lewisii).

Lebensraum und Lebensweise

In der Wassersäule sind die Mondschnecken vom Gezeitenbereich bis in die Tiefsee heimisch. Die größte Tiefe, in der eine Art der Familie gefunden wurde, ist knapp 5000 m. Die Tiere bewegen sich auf dem Sediment vorwärts. Je nach Konsistenz „gleiten“ die Tiere dabei auf dem Sediment oder „durchpflügen“ es. Das Propodium wird nach vorne über den Kopf gelegt. Dabei können die Tiere charakteristische Kriechspuren hinterlassen.[4]

Naticiden sind ausnahmslos Jäger, die sich auf weichbodenbewohnende Weichtiere (Muscheln, Schnecken und Kahnfüßer) spezialisiert haben. Auch eigene Artgenossen werden angegriffen (Kannibalismus). Gelegentlich wird auch Aas angenommen (zum Beispiel tote Fische). Als bisher einzige Art wurde Conuber sordidum dabei beobachtet, auch größere Krebse der Gattung Mictyris (Crustacea) aktiv zu jagen und durch Anbohren zu verspeisen.[6][7] Dabei verwendet C. sordidus die gleiche Jagdstrategie, wie sie für alle Mondschnecken bekannt ist.[7] Darüber hinaus gibt es Berichte darüber, dass bestimmte Mondschnecken sessile Polychaeten fressen, indem sie ihre Röhren anbohren. Wahrscheinlich handelt es sich um die kleine Mondschneckenart Natica prietoi.[8][9]

Die Gehäuse werden mechanisch mit Hilfe der Radula und chemisch mittels Ausscheidungen der Bohrdrüse angebohrt. Die konischen Bohrlöcher sind charakteristisch und lassen sich von den Bohrlöchern anderer bohrender Schnecken (Muricidae) und bohrender Kraken (Octopodidae) unterscheiden. Gefressen wird die Beute fast ausschließlich im Sediment; auf der Sedimentoberfläche erbeutete Opfer werden ins Sediment gezogen.

Fortpflanzung

 src=
Sandkragen“-Gelege von Neverita josephinia

Mondschnecken legen ihre Eier in eine Struktur, die sie aus mit gelatinösem Schleim verfestigtem Sand zu einem sogenannten „Sandkragen“ (englisch sand collar) formen.[2] Innerhalb dieser Struktur werden die befruchteten Eier in Reihen angeordnet, wobei jede Eikapsel zwischen 1 und 3 Larven enthalten kann, bei einzelnen Arten bis zu 7 und bei Euspira heros bis über 80. Die fertigen „Sandkragen“ werden schließlich zum Schlüpfen auf dem Meeresboden hinterlassen. Je nach Art schlüpfen aus den Kapseln pelagisch bis zu mehrere Wochen bis zur Metamorphose von Plankton lebende Veliger-Larven (z. B. Glänzende Mondschnecke) oder fertige kleine Schnecken (z. B. Halsband-Mondschnecke).[10] Jungtiere können bereits in den ersten Tagen nach der Metamorphose auf Beutejagd gehen.[11] Es wird vermutet, dass sich die Morphologie der Sandgelege ja nach Gattung unterscheidet.[2][12][13]

Systematik

Früher wurde die Familie Mondschnecken zu den Mesogastropoden (Mittelschnecken), einer Ordnung der ebenfalls veralteter Unterklasse Vorderkiemerschnecken (Prosobranchia), gestellt. Aktuell zählen sie zu der von Ponder und Lindberg 1997 aufgestellten Ordnung Sorbeoconcha.[14]

Traditionell wurden die Mondschnecken in vier Unterfamilien unterteilt: Ampullospirinae, Polinicinae, Naticinae und Sininae.[15] Diese Einteilung basierte im Wesentlichen auf morphologischen Merkmalen wie dem Oberflächenmaterial der Opercula (kalkig in Naticinae, hornig in Ampullospirinae, Polinicinae und Sininae) sowie auf Merkmalen des Umbilicus (Nabel), des Protoconch oder der Schalenform.[16][17][18]

Die Familie wird nach Bouchet & Rocroi (2005) heute jedoch in folgende Unterfamilien unterteilt:[19]

  • Naticinae Guilding, 1834
  • Sinninae Woodring, 1928
  • Globisininae Powell, 1933

Die Familie Naticidae umfasst zahlreiche Gattungen.

Literatur

  1. Winston Ponder, David Lindberg: Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs; an analysis using morphological characters. In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Nr.: 119, London 1997, , S. 83–265.
  2. a b c d T. Huelsken u. a.: The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses. In: Zootaxa. Nr.: 1770, Magnolia Press, 2008, , S. 1–40 (PDF 1,2 MB)
  3. Victor Millard: Classification of the Mollusca. A Classification of World Wide Mollusca. Rhine Road, Südafrika 1997, ISBN 0-620-21261-6.
  4. a b Frank Riedel: Ursprung und Evolution der "höheren" Caenogastropoda. In: Berliner Geowissenschaftliche Abhandlungen. Reihe E, Band 32, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-89582-077-6.
  5. Naticidae.@1@2Vorlage:Toter Link/ftp.fao.org (Seite nicht mehr abrufbar, Suche in Webarchiven)  src= Info: Der Link wurde automatisch als defekt markiert. Bitte prüfe den Link gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis. S. 598ff. (französisch, auf der Seite der FAO); J.M. Gaillard: Gasteropodes. In: W. Fischer, M. Schneider, M.-L. Bauchot: Guide FAO d’Identification des Espèces pour les Besoins de la Pêche. Mediterranée et Mer Noire. Organisation des Nations Unies pour l'Alimentation et l'Agriculture, Rom 1987, S. 514ff.
  6. Cameron: Some aspects of the behaviour of the soldier crab, Mictyris longicarpus. In: Pacific Science. 20(2) 1966, S. 224–234.
  7. a b T. Huelsken: First evidence of drilling predation by Conuber sordidus (Swainson, 1821) (Gastropoda: Naticidae) on soldier crabs (Crustacea: Mictyridae). In: Molluscan Research. 31(2) 2011, S. 125–131. (online) (PDF; 792 kB)
  8. Brian Morton, E. M. Harper: Drilling predation upon Ditrupa arietina (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Mid-Atlantic Açores, Portugal. (PDF; 199 kB) AÇOREANA, Suplemento 6, Setembro 2009, S. 157–165.
  9. Brian Morton, Andreia Salvador: The biology of the zoning subtidal polychaete Ditrupa arietina (Serpulidae) in the Açores, Portugal, with a description of the life history of its tube. (PDF; 395 kB) AÇOREANA, Suplemento 6, Setembro 2009, S. 145–156
  10. Guido Pastorino, Andres Averbuj, Pablo E. Penchaszadeh: On the egg masses, eggs and embryos of Notocochlis isabelleana (d’Orbigny, 1840) (Gastropoda: Naticidae) from northern patagonia. (Memento des Originals vom 11. August 2017 im Internet Archive)  src= Info: Der Archivlink wurde automatisch eingesetzt und noch nicht geprüft. Bitte prüfe Original- und Archivlink gemäß Anleitung und entferne dann diesen Hinweis.@1@2Vorlage:Webachiv/IABot/www.macn.secyt.gov.ar (PDF; 944 kB) Malacologia, 2009, 51(2), S. 395–402, S. 399: Übersichtstabelle: Comparison of spawn, egg capsules and hatchling shells measurements of naticids. Sources are: Thorson, 1935, 1940; Giglioli, 1949, 1955; Natarajan, 1957; Fioroni, 1966; Gohar & Eisawy, 1967; Ziegelmeier, 1961; Bandel, 1975, 1976; Pedersen & Page, 2000; Kingsley-Smith u. a., 2005; Huelsken u. a., 2008.
  11. Peter R. Kingsley-Smith, Christopher A. Richardson, Raymond Seed: Growth and development of the veliger larvae and juveniles of Polinices pulchellus (Gastropoda: Naticidae). In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. vol. 85 (1), February 2005, S. 171–174.
  12. a b T. Huelsken, H. Wägele, B. Peters, A. Mather, M. Hollmann: Molecular analysis of adults and egg masses reveals two independent lineages within the infaunal gastropod Naticarius onca (Röding, 1798) (Caenogastropoda: Naticidae). In: Molluscan Research. 31(3) 2011, S. 141–151. (PDF; 1,1 MB)
  13. M. E. C. Giglioli: The egg masses of the Naticidae (Gastropoda). In: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. 12 1955, S: 287–327.
  14. Winston Ponder, David Lindberg: Towards a phylogeny of gastropod molluscs; an analysis using morphological characters. In: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. Nr. 119, London 1997, , S. 83–265.
  15. A.R. Kabat: The classification of the Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda): Review and analysis of the supraspecific taxa. In: Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 152, 1991, S. 417–449.
  16. W. O. Cernohorsky: The family Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Fiji Islands. Auckland Inst. Mus., 8, 1971, S. 169–208.
  17. a b L. N. Marincovich: Cenozoic Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Northeastern Pacific. In: Bulletins of American Paleontology. 70, 1977, S. 169–212.
  18. K. Bandel: On the origin of the carnivorous gastropod group Naticoidea (Mollusca) in the Cretaceous with description of some convergent but unrelated groups. In: Greifswalder Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge. 6, 1999, S. 134–175
  19. Philippe Bouchet, Jean-Pierre Rocroi: Part 2. Working classification of the Gastropoda. In: Malacologia. Nr.: 47, Ann Arbor 2005, , S. 239–283.
  20. T. Huelsken u. a.: Neverita delessertiana (Recluz in Chenu, 1843): a naticid species (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) distinct from Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822) based on molecular data, morphological characters, and geographical distribution. In: Zootaxa. 1257, 2006, S. 1–25. (PDF; 494 kB)
  21. R. Majima: Cenozoic fossil Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Japan. In: Bulletin of American Paleontology. 96 (331) 1989, S. 1–159.
  22. T. Huelsken, D. Tapken, T. Dahlmann, H. Wägele, C. Riginos, M. Hollmann: Systematics and phylogenetic species delimitation within Polinices s. l. (Caenogastropoda: Naticidae) based on molecular data and shell morphology. In: Organisms Diversity & Evolution. 2012. doi:10.1007/s13127-012-0111-5.
  23. C. T. Siemers, N. R. King: Macroinvertebrate paleoecology of a transgressive marine sandstone, Cliff House Sandstone (Upper Creteceous), Chaco Canyon, northwestern New Mexico. 1974. (PDF; 2,6 MB)

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Mondschnecken: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Als Mondschnecken oder auch Nabelschnecken (Naticidae) bezeichnet man eine Familie ausschließlich mariner Schnecken, deren bisher beschriebene Arten sich fleischfressend ernähren. Sie erbeuten andere Weichtiere, fressen aber auch Aas. Erste Vertreter der Naticiden erscheinen im Fossilbericht bereits in Ablagerungen der Unterkreide.

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Naticidae

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Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family of medium to large-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The shells of the species in this family are mostly globular in shape.

Naticidae is the only family in the superfamily Naticoidea.

It has been estimated that worldwide there are about 260–270 recent species of naticid snails.[1] This group is assumed to have originated in the late Triassic or in the early Jurassic.[1] Members of this family can be recognized by the shape of their shells, distinct appearance, or by their predatory behavior.[1]

Distribution

Naticids are widely distributed and occur worldwide. The greatest diversity of both species and genera is found in tropical regions. Even so, naticid snails are also plentiful in temperate, Arctic and Antarctic waters.[1]

Habitat

Moon snails live on sandy substrates, at a great variety of depths depending on the species (from the intertidal zone to thousands of meters in depth).[1] They are often seen ploughing along in the sand, searching for bivalvic and other prey, resulting in countersunk bore-holes.

Divaricella quadrisulcata showing Naticid predation holes

Life habits

50-second video of snails (most likely Natica chemnitzi and Cerithium muscarum) feeding on the sea floor in the Gulf of California, Puerto Peñasco, Mexico.
Naticid boring in Stewartia from the Calvert Formation, Zone 10, Calvert Co., MD (Miocene).
A moon snail (Naticarius orientalis) on the prowl at night. Found on the north coast of East Timor.
A fossil shell of Naticarius millepunctatus from the Nicosia Formation, Pliocene, Cyprus

Naticids are predatory, feeding mostly on bivalves. They will also attack almost any other shelled mollusk they encounter in the sand, such as scaphopods and other gastropods, including other moon snails.[1] Additionally, Conuber sordidum was shown to prey on the soldier crab Mictyris longicarpus (Crustacea) by drilling predation.[2][3] To catch soldier crabs, C. sordidum uses the same behaviour as when hunting shelled molluscan prey.[3]

The moon snail envelops the prey and then bores a hole through the shell using its radula and an acid secretion. Once the shell is bored open, the proboscis is used to consume the flesh of the prey. The hole in the shell, which has a "countersunk" appearance with chamfered edges, and which varies in size according to the species, is a characteristic diagnostic sign of moon snail predation.

In the breeding season, the female moon snail lays a rather stiff egg mass which includes sand and mucus. These objects wash up on sandy beaches fairly often, and are known by the common name "sand collars" because of their resemblance to an old-fashioned removable shirt collar or false-collar.

Human Interaction

In Korean cuisine, moon snails are called golbaengi (골뱅이) and eaten as golbaengi-muchim (moon snail salad).[4]

Moon snail shells are attractive and relatively large, and often popular in jewellery and ornamentation.

Taxonomy

Traditional classification

Some authors have suggested a distinct separation of the Naticidae into four subfamilies: Ampullospirinae, Naticinae, Polinicinae and Sininae.[5] This arrangement is mainly based on morphological data, such as details of the operculum including the material (calcareous in the Naticinae, corneous in the Polinicinae and Sininae) and size, and also the morphology of the shell.[6][7][8]

2005 taxonomy

The following four subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):[9]

  • Naticinae Guilding, 1834 - synonyms: Neveritinae Gray, 1857; Choristidae Verrill, 1882; Euspiridae Cossmann, 1907; Mammillinae Iredale & McMichael, 1962; Eunaticinini Oyama, 1469
  • Sininae Woodring, 1928 - synonyms: Sigaretidae Gary, 1827; Cryptostomidae Gray, 1827
  • Globisininae Powell, 1933
  • Polinicinae Gray, 1847

Genera

Genera in the family Naticidae include:

Unassigned to a subfamily:

subfamily Naticinae

subfamily Globisininae

subfamily Polinicinae Gray, 1847

subfamily Sininae

subfamily ?

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Huelsken, T.; Marek, C; Schreiber, S; Schmidt, I; Hollmann, M. (2008). "The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses" (PDF). Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. 1770: 1–40. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1770.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334. Retrieved 7 June 2010.
  2. ^ Ann M. Cameron (1966). "Some aspects of the behaviour of the soldier crab, Mictyris longicarpus". Pacific Science. 20 (2): 224–234. hdl:10125/7754.
  3. ^ a b Huelsken, T. (2011) First evidence of drilling predation by Conuber sordidus (Swainson, 1821) (Gastropoda: Naticidae) on soldier crabs (Crustacea: Mictyridae). Molluscan Research, 31(2), 125-131. [1]
  4. ^ National Institute of Korean Language (30 July 2014). "주요 한식명(200개) 로마자 표기 및 번역(영, 중, 일) 표준안" (PDF) (in Korean).
  5. ^ Kabat A.R. 1991. The classification of the Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda): Review and analysis of the supraspecific taxa. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., 152, 417-449.
  6. ^ Cernohorsky W.O. 1971. The family Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Fiji Islands. Auckland Inst. Mus., 8, 169-208.
  7. ^ a b Marincovich L.N. 1977. Cenozoic Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of the Northeastern Pacific. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 70, 169-212.
  8. ^ Bandel K. 1999. On the origin of the carnivorous gastropod group Naticoidea (Mollusca) in the Cretaceous with description of some convergent but unrelated groups. Greifswalder Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge, 6, 134-175.
  9. ^ Bouchet, Philippe; Rocroi, Jean-Pierre; Frýda, Jiri; Hausdorf, Bernard; Ponder, Winston; Valdés, Ángel & Warén, Anders (2005). "Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families". Malacologia. Hackenheim, Germany: ConchBooks. 47 (1–2): 1–397. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
  10. ^ Huelsken, T., Wägele, H., Peters, B., Mather, A., Hollmann, M. (2011) Molecular analysis of adults and egg masses reveals two independent lineages within the infaunal gastropod Naticarius onca (Röding, 1798) (Caenogastropoda: Naticidae). Molluscan Research, 31(3), 141-151. PDF
  11. ^ Majima, R. 1989. Cenozoic fossil Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in Japan. Bulletins of American Paleontology, 96 (331), 1-159.
  12. ^ Huelsken T. et al. 2006. Neverita delessertiana (Recluz in Chenu, 1843): a naticid species (Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda) distinct from Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822) based on molecular data, morphological characters, and geographical distribution. Zootaxa, 1257:1-25.
  13. ^ Huelsken, T., Tapken, D., Dahlmann, T., Wägele, H., Riginos, C., Hollmann, M. (2012). Systematics and phylogenetic species delimitation within Polinices s.l. (Caenogastropoda: Naticidae) based on molecular data and shell morphology. Organisms Diversity & Evolution. DOI: 10.1007/s13127-012-0111-5.
  14. ^ Siemers C. T. & King N. R. (1974). "Macroinvertebrate paleoecology of a transgressive marine sandstone, Cliff House Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous), Chaco Canyon, northwestern New Mexico" PDF.
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wikipedia EN

Naticidae: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Naticidae, common name moon snails or necklace shells, is a family of medium to large-sized predatory sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha. The shells of the species in this family are mostly globular in shape.

Naticidae is the only family in the superfamily Naticoidea.

It has been estimated that worldwide there are about 260–270 recent species of naticid snails. This group is assumed to have originated in the late Triassic or in the early Jurassic. Members of this family can be recognized by the shape of their shells, distinct appearance, or by their predatory behavior.

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Naticidae ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Naticidae es una familia de moluscos gasterópodo del orden Caenogastropoda y la única de la superfamilia Naticoidea.

La familia Naticidae fue creada por el reverendo Lansdowne Guilding (1797-1831) en 1834.

Lista de géneros

Referencias

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Naticidae: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Naticidae es una familia de moluscos gasterópodo del orden Caenogastropoda y la única de la superfamilia Naticoidea.

La familia Naticidae fue creada por el reverendo Lansdowne Guilding (1797-1831) en 1834.

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Naticidae ( French )

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Les Naticidae sont une famille de mollusques carnassiers de la classe des gastéropodes, et de l'ordre des Littorinimorpha.

La famille des Naticidae a été créée par le révérend Lansdowne Guilding (1797-1831) en 1834.

Description et caractéristiques

C'est un genre relativement vaste, comportant plus de 250 espèces dans le monde, dans toutes les mers des pôles aux tropiques (où la famille atteint son maximum de diversité).

On trouve ces mollusques sur les fonds meubles et sableux, car ils chassent des animaux fouisseurs (notamment des bivalves). Relativement voraces, ils sont capables d'attaquer presque n'importe quel animal benthique plus petit qu'eux (notamment mollusques et crustacés), y compris d'autres membres de leur famille. Leur mode de chasse passe par l'immobilisation de la proie et le percement de la coquille, puis la pénétration du trou par le proboscis pour dévorer les chairs.

Suivant les espèces, ils peuvent vivre de la surface à plusieurs milliers de mètres de profondeur.

Souvent, leur manteau peut recouvrir une grande partie de la coquille.

Ce groupe semble être apparu entre la fin du Trias et le début du Jurassique.

En anglais, ces animaux sont appelés « moon snails ».

Liste des genres

Selon World Register of Marine Species (2 décembre 2018)[3] :

 src=
Les pontes de natices forment des rubans de sable aggloméré et enroulés

Notes et références

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Naticidae: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Les Naticidae sont une famille de mollusques carnassiers de la classe des gastéropodes, et de l'ordre des Littorinimorpha.

La famille des Naticidae a été créée par le révérend Lansdowne Guilding (1797-1831) en 1834.

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Naticidae ( Italian )

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Naticidae Guilding, 1834 è una famiglia di molluschi gasteropodi della sottoclasse Caenogastropoda.[1] È l'unica famiglia della superfamiglia Naticoidea.[2]

Sono protetti da una robusta conchiglia globulosa a colori vivaci, con bocca larga a margine esterno tagliente. Vivono a piccole profondità infissi nella sabbia o nel fango. Sono carnivori e si nutrono generalmente di altri molluschi bivalvi che raggiungono perforando la loro conchiglia.[3]

Tassonomia

La famiglia è suddivisa in sottofamiglie e comprende i seguenti generi:[1]

Alcune specie

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) MolluscaBase eds. 2020, Naticidae, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 6 luglio 2020.
  2. ^ (EN) MolluscaBase eds. 2020, Naticoidea, in WoRMS (World Register of Marine Species). URL consultato il 6 luglio 2020.
  3. ^ Grande enciclopedia universale delle lettere, delle scienze, delle arti / diretta da Armando Curcio - Milano Roma

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Naticidae: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Naticidae Guilding, 1834 è una famiglia di molluschi gasteropodi della sottoclasse Caenogastropoda. È l'unica famiglia della superfamiglia Naticoidea.

Sono protetti da una robusta conchiglia globulosa a colori vivaci, con bocca larga a margine esterno tagliente. Vivono a piccole profondità infissi nella sabbia o nel fango. Sono carnivori e si nutrono generalmente di altri molluschi bivalvi che raggiungono perforando la loro conchiglia.

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Tepelhorens ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De tepelhorens (Naticidae) zijn een familie van weekdieren uit de klasse van de Gastropoda (slakken).

Taxonomie

Onderfamilies

Geslachten

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Tepelhorens: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De tepelhorens (Naticidae) zijn een familie van weekdieren uit de klasse van de Gastropoda (slakken).

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Naticidae ( Portuguese )

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Naticidae (nomeadas, em inglês, sand snails, moon snails, ear moon snails, necklace shells ou shark eyes -pl.; este último nome apenas para a espécie Neverita duplicata)[3][7][8][9][10] é uma família de moluscos gastrópodes, marinhos e predadores,[6][11][12] classificada por Lansdown Guilding, em 1834, e pertencente à subclasse Caenogastropoda e ordem Littorinimorpha, sendo os únicos representantes da superfamília Naticoidea.[4][11][12][13] Sua distribuição geográfica abrange principalmente os oceanos tropicais e temperados da Terra,[5] desde a zona entremarés até vários milhares de metros de profundidade,[14] em bentos lodosos ou arenosos.[8]

Descrição

Compreende, em sua totalidade, caramujos ou búzios de conchas globulares, ovais ou em formato auricular, com espiral geralmente baixa, grande volta terminal e superfície lisa ou, mais raramente, com finas linhas espirais, pouco ou muito desenhada por manchas, faixas ou pintas; de dimensões normalmente pequenas a medianas, com poucas atingindo tamanhos superiores aos 5 centímetros de comprimento e com sua maior espécie sendo Neverita lewisii, cuja concha chega a mais de 15 centímetros. Sua abertura geralmente é semicircular, não possui canal sifonal e tem o lábio externo fino. Seu umbílico pode ser aberto, parcialmente ou totalmente coberto. O opérculo pode ser córneo ou calcário; neste último caso, dotado de complexas esculturas em sua superfície e característico da subfamília Naticinae.[3][6][7][11][12][15]

Alimentação e hábitos

Os Naticidae são animais carnívoros dotados de um grande musculoso para se enterrar em fundos com substrato de areia e lama, por vezes deixando seus rastros sobre a superfície. Se alimentam principalmente de moluscos Bivalvia, mas também podem se alimentar de outros gastrópodes. Desenvolveram um modo característico de se alimentar de suas presas, ao envolvê-las com o pé e fazendo um buraco nas conchas, com sua rádula e uma secreção ácida, para alcançar as partes moles com a sua probóscide.[6][8][12][14][16] Durante a postura, depositam massas de ovos que formam uma espécie de colar de areia;[12][17] daí sendo nomeados necklace shells.[7][18]

Classificação de Naticidae: subfamílias e gêneros viventes

De acordo com o World Register of Marine Species, incluindo sinonímia (=).[4]

Benthobulbus McLean, 1995
Laguncula Benson, 1842
= Bensonia Gray, 1847
= Scarlatia Schileyko, 1977
Pliconacca K. Martin, 1914
Subfamília Globisininae Powell, 1933
Falsilunatia Powell, 1951
Globisinum Marwick, 1924
Subfamília Naticinae Guilding, 1834
Cochlis Röding, 1798
Cryptonatica Dall, 1892
= Boreonatica Golikov & Kussakin, 1974
= Sulconatica Golikov & Kussakin, 1974
Natica Scopoli, 1777
Naticarius Duméril, 1805
Notocochlis Powell, 1933
Paratectonatica Azuma, 1961
Proxiuber Powell, 1933
Stigmaulax Mörch, 1852
Tanea Marwick, 1931
Tasmatica Finlay & Marwick, 1937
Tectonatica Sacco, 1890
Subfamília Polinicinae Gray, 1847
Amauropsis Mörch, 1857
Bulbus T. Brown, 1839
Conuber Finlay & Marwick, 1937
Euspira Agassiz, 1837
= Lunatia Gray, 1847
Friginatica Hedley, 1916
Glossaulax Pilsbry, 1929
Hypterita Woodring, 1957
Kerguelenatica Powell, 1951
Mammilla Schumacher, 1817
Neverita Risso, 1826
Polinices Montfort, 1810
= Eucaryum Ehrenberg, 1831
= Mamma H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
Pseudopolinices Golikov & Sirenko, 1983
Sinuber Powell, 1951
Uberella Finlay, 1928
Subfamília Sininae Woodring, 1928
Calinaticina J. Q. Burch & G. B. Campbell, 1963
Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885
Gennaeosinum Iredale, 1929
Sigatica Meyer & Aldrich, 1886
Sinum Röding, 1798
= Sigaretus Lamarck, 1799

Uso humano

Na culinária coreana os moluscos Naticidae, da espécie Neverita didyma, são denominados golbaengi (골뱅이) e servidos como golbaengi-muchim (골뱅이무침 - golbaengi com salada temperada).[19] Outra espécie comestível, do Indo-Pacífico, é Natica stellata.[20] No Brasil, as conchas de seis espécies de Naticidae foram encontradas em sambaquis; quase todas elas tendo importância arqueológica desconhecida e apenas Sinum perspectivum citado como espécie alimentícia.[21]

Referências

  1. «Neverita delessertiana (Récluz, 1843) distribution» (em inglês). World Register of Marine Species. 1 páginas. Consultado em 7 de março de 2021
  2. a b «Natica stellata Hedley, 1913» (em inglês). World Register of Marine Species. 1 páginas. Consultado em 7 de março de 2021
  3. a b c d e f g ABBOTT, R. Tucker; DANCE, S. Peter (1982). Compendium of Seashells. A color Guide to More than 4.200 of the World's Marine Shells (em inglês). New York: E. P. Dutton. p. 101–109. 412 páginas. ISBN 0-525-93269-0
  4. a b c d e «Naticidae Guilding, 1834» (em inglês). World Register of Marine Species. 1 páginas. Consultado em 7 de março de 2021
  5. a b Cernohorsky, W. O. (17 de dezembro de 1971). «The family Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Fiji Islands» (em inglês). Records of the Auckland Institute and Museum, Vol. 8. (JSTOR). p. 169. Consultado em 7 de março de 2021
  6. a b c d FERRARIO, Marco (1992). Guia del Coleccionista de Conchas (em espanhol). Barcelona, Espanha: Editorial de Vecchi. p. 100–103. 220 páginas. ISBN 84-315-1972-X
  7. a b c d e WYE, Kenneth R. (1989). The Mitchell Beazley Pocket Guide to Shells of the World (em inglês). London: Mitchell Beazley Publishers. p. 69–72. 192 páginas. ISBN 0-85533-738-9
  8. a b c «Family Naticidae - Sand or Moon Snails» (em inglês). Seashells of NSW. 1 páginas. Consultado em 7 de março de 2021
  9. GORDON, N.R. (1990). Seashells. A Photographic Celebration (em inglês). London: Universal Books, Ltd. p. 65. 144 páginas. ISBN 0-792-45263-1
  10. «Neverita duplicata (Say, 1822)» (em inglês). World Register of Marine Species. 1 páginas. Consultado em 7 de março de 2021
  11. a b c LINDNER, Gert (1983). Moluscos y Caracoles de los Mares del Mundo (em espanhol). Barcelona, Espanha: Omega. p. 52. 256 páginas. ISBN 84-282-0308-3
  12. a b c d e f g RIOS, Eliézer (1994). Seashells of Brazil (em inglês) 2ª ed. Rio Grande, RS. Brazil: FURG. p. 80–83. 492 páginas. ISBN 85-85042-36-2
  13. «Naticoidea Guilding, 1834» (em inglês). World Register of Marine Species. 1 páginas. Consultado em 7 de março de 2021
  14. a b Huelsken, Thomas; Marek, Carina; Schreiber, Stefan; Schmidt, Iris; Hollmann, Michael (2008). «The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses» (PDF) (em inglês). Zootaxa 1770. (Magnolia press). p. 2. 40 páginas. Consultado em 7 de março de 2021
  15. «Neverita lewisii» (em inglês). Hardy's Internet Guide to Marine Gastropods. 1 páginas. Consultado em 7 de março de 2021. Arquivado do original em 11 de agosto de 2021
  16. «NATICIDAE». Conquiliologistas do Brasil: CdB. 1 páginas. Consultado em 7 de março de 2021
  17. a b Blackledge, Andy (30 de janeiro de 2010). «Moon Snail Sand Collar» (em inglês). Flickr. 1 páginas. Consultado em 7 de março de 2021. Moon snails lay their eggs in these sand collars.
  18. a b Winder, Jessica (24 de setembro de 2011). «Necklace Shells & their eggs at Rhossili Bay» (em inglês). Jessica's Nature Blog. 1 páginas. Consultado em 7 de março de 2021. This species of gastropod mollusc derives its name from the shape of the egg masses that it lays. These look a bit like a torque type of necklace – a broad open curved band of eggs.
  19. Fonteː Wikipédia inglesa.
  20. «Natica stellata Hedley, 1913 starry moon snail» (em inglês). SeaLifeBase. 1 páginas. Consultado em 8 de março de 2021
  21. SOUZA, Rosa Cristina Corrêa Luz de; LIMA, Tania Andrade; SILVA, Edson Pereira da (2011). Conchas Marinhas de Sambaquis do Brasil 1ª ed. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: Technical Books. p. 179–184. 252 páginas. ISBN 978-85-61368-20-3

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Naticidae: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

provided by wikipedia PT

Naticidae (nomeadas, em inglês, sand snails, moon snails, ear moon snails, necklace shells ou shark eyes -pl.; este último nome apenas para a espécie Neverita duplicata) é uma família de moluscos gastrópodes, marinhos e predadores, classificada por Lansdown Guilding, em 1834, e pertencente à subclasse Caenogastropoda e ordem Littorinimorpha, sendo os únicos representantes da superfamília Naticoidea. Sua distribuição geográfica abrange principalmente os oceanos tropicais e temperados da Terra, desde a zona entremarés até vários milhares de metros de profundidade, em bentos lodosos ou arenosos.

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Naticidae ( Turkish )

provided by wikipedia TR

Naticidae, büyük boyutlu avcı deniz salyangozlarında oluşan bir familyadır. Bu familyadaki türlerin kabukları çoğunlukla küre şeklindedir.

Naticidae, Naticoidea üstfamilyasındaki tek familyadır.

Bu familyanın, dünya genelinde son dönemde ortaya çıkmış 260 ile 270 arasında türü olduğu düşünülmektedir.[1] Bu grubun geç Trias Devri veya erkan Jura Devri'nda ortaya çıktığı kabul edilir. Bu familyanın üyeleri, kabuklarının şekli, farklı görünümleri veya yırtıcı davranışlarıyla ayırt edilebilir.[1]

Kaynakça

  1. ^ a b Huelsken, T.; Marek, C; Schreiber, S; Schmidt, I; Hollmann, M. (2008). "The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses" (PDF). Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. Cilt 1770, s. 1–40. ISSN 1175-5334. Erişim tarihi: 7 June 2010.
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Naticidae: Brief Summary ( Turkish )

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Naticidae, büyük boyutlu avcı deniz salyangozlarında oluşan bir familyadır. Bu familyadaki türlerin kabukları çoğunlukla küre şeklindedir.

Naticidae, Naticoidea üstfamilyasındaki tek familyadır.

Bu familyanın, dünya genelinde son dönemde ortaya çıkmış 260 ile 270 arasında türü olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu grubun geç Trias Devri veya erkan Jura Devri'nda ortaya çıktığı kabul edilir. Bu familyanın üyeleri, kabuklarının şekli, farklı görünümleri veya yırtıcı davranışlarıyla ayırt edilebilir.

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Ốc mặt trăng ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Ốc mặt trăng hay còn gọi là ốc mắt ngọc (Danh pháp khoa học: Naticidae) là một họ ốc biển. Những loài ốc có tên gọi đẹp như vậy bắt nguồn từ lớp mày ốc dày, có hình cầu với những đường vân rất đẹp mắt.

Khai thác

Ở Úc, ốc mặt trăng có thể là một loại hải sản được yêu thích mới tại Úc và cả thực khách lẫn những thợ lặn đều được khuyến khích thưởng thức và khai thác chúng. Loại ốc biển này được tìm thấy nhiều nhất ở bờ biển New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia và Tasmania, nhưng Tasmania là nơi có lượng thu hoạch lớn nhất. Nó là một loại hải sản lớn chưa được khai thác và có tiềm năng tăng sản lượng gấp đôi tại Tasmania. Sản lượng định ra hiện nay chỉ có trên 52 tấn và mới chỉ đánh bắt nửa số lượng đó trung bình mỗi năm[1]

Ở Việt Nam, ốc mặt trăng có nhiều ở vùng biển miền Trung, tập trung nhiều nhất là đảo Cồn Cỏ, Quảng Trị, vùng biển Nha Trang - Khánh Hòa. Sở dĩ ốc có tên gọi như vậy bắt nguồn từ cái mày ốc. Không phải là lớp mày mỏng như các loại ốc khác, ốc mặt trăng có lớp mày hình tròn như mặt nguyệt, lấp lánh vân trắng, vàng nhìn vào trông như con mắt ốc lấp lánh. Thịt ốc giòn, ngọt như ốc hương nên thường được chế biến thành nhiều món ăn ngon như hấp, luộc, xào, nướng... Ốc ngâm vào trong nước muối có pha gừng và ớt cho nhả hết đất cát, sau đó rửa lại nhiều lần bằng nước sạch trước khi chế biến. Ăn ốc mặt trăng luộc không thể thiếu chén nước mắm gừng[2] một số loài ốc mặt trăng có thể có độc[3]

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

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Ốc mặt trăng: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Ốc mặt trăng hay còn gọi là ốc mắt ngọc (Danh pháp khoa học: Naticidae) là một họ ốc biển. Những loài ốc có tên gọi đẹp như vậy bắt nguồn từ lớp mày ốc dày, có hình cầu với những đường vân rất đẹp mắt.

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玉螺科 ( Chinese )

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玉螺科(學名:Naticidae)是一個微小到大型捕食性海螺的一個,都是玉黍螺類支序的海洋腹足綱軟體動物。本科物種的螺殼大多呈球體狀(包括有:圓球形卵球形耳形[2])。其物種可食用[3]

玉螺科是玉螺總科的唯一一個分類單元。

分佈及多樣性

現時世上估計有約260到270個現生的玉螺科物種[1]。這些物種估計最早出現於三疊紀後期或侏羅紀早期[1],其螺殼的獨特型態或捕食行為都可將牠們與其他物種分辨過[1]

本科物種廣泛分佈於全世界。無論是在物種的數量以至到屬的數量,玉螺科的多樣性在熱帶地區都很高;即使如此,本科物種亦廣泛分佈於溫帶及北極的水域[1]

棲息地

本科物種皆棲息於沙質 substrates, at a great variety of depths depending on the species (from the intertidal zone to thousands of meters in depth)[1]。They are often seen ploughing along in the sand searching for prey.

習性

50-second video of snails (most likely Natica chemnitzi and Cerithium muscarum) feeding on the sea floor in the Gulf of California, Puerto Peñasco, Mexico.
 src=
Naticid boring in Stewartia from the Calvert Formation, Zone 10, Calvert Co., MD (Miocene).
 src=
A moon snail (Naticarius orientalis) on the prowl at night. Found on the north coast of East Timor.
 src=
A fossil shell of Naticarius millepunctatus from the Nicosia Formation, Pliocene, Cyprus

玉螺科物種皆為掠食性的,主要的捕食對象為雙殼類。牠們還會攻擊幾乎所有在沙上遇到的其他貝類軟體動物,例如掘足纲或其他腹足類物種,包括其他玉螺科物種[1]。此外,Conuber sordidum會透過在长腕和尚蟹Mictyris longicarpus)的頭胸甲上鑽孔而捕食牠們[4][1][5]。而為了捕捉這些沙蟹類物種,玉螺科物種會採取與捕獵其牠有殻的軟體動物相同的策略[5]

玉螺會先將獵物包圍,然後以其齒舌及酸性分泌物在其獵物的殼中「融溶」出一個洞。一但這個殻鑽開了,就把口器伸進洞裡吃掉獵物的肉。The hole in the shell, which has a "countersunk" appearance with chamfered edges, and which varies in size according to the species, is a characteristic diagnostic sign of moon snail predation.

In the breeding season, the female moon snail lays a rather stiff egg mass which includes sand and mucus. These objects wash up on sandy beaches fairly often, and are known by the common name "sand collars" because of their resemblance to an old-fashioned removable shirt collar or false-collar.

分類學

傳統分類

玉螺科原是凤螺总科的成員[6],後來獨立出來成為獨自一個總科。 傳統上,部分學者按將本科物種分作下列四個亞科[7][2]

這種分類主要是從形態學的角度去分類,包括有[8][9][7][10]

  • 口蓋英语Operculum (gastropod)的特質:玉螺亞科物種均為鈣質,而Polinicinae及Sininae均為角質但厚薄或相對殻口的大小不同[2]
  • 螺殼的形態,例如:形狀、螺溝等。

2005年分類

根據2005年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》,本科物種可分為下列四個亞科[11]

2017年分類

根據2017年的《布歇特和洛克羅伊的腹足類分類》,這四個亞科的分類不變[12]

亞科與屬

截至2018年4月11日 (2018-04-11)[update],玉螺科在WoRMS的紀錄包括下列各亞科與屬:

未有屬於任何亞科

玉螺亞科 Naticinae Guilding, 1834

Subfamily Globisininae Powell, 1933

無臍玉螺亞科 Polinicinae Gray, 1847:其物種原為玉螺亞科成員。

  • » Genus Amauropsis Mörch, 1857
  • » Genus Bulbus T. Brown, 1839
  • » Genus Conuber Finlay & Marwick, 1937
  • » Genus Euspira Agassiz, 1837
  • » Genus Friginatica Hedley, 1916
  • » Genus Glossaulax Pilsbry, 1929
  • » Genus Hypterita Woodring, 1957
  • » Genus Kerguelenatica Powell, 1951
  • » Genus Mammilla Schumacher, 1817
  • » Genus Neverita Risso, 1826
  • 無臍玉螺屬 Polinices Montfort, 1810
  • » Genus Pseudopolinices Golikov & Sirenko, 1983
  • » Genus Sinuber Powell, 1951
  • » Genus Tahunacca Maxwell, 1992 †
  • » Genus Uberella Finlay, 1928
  • » Genus Acrybia H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 accepted as Bulbus T. Brown, 1839
  • » Genus Albula Röding, 1798 accepted as Polinices Montfort, 1810 (Invalid: junior homonym of Albula Osbeck, 1762 [Pisces])
  • » Genus Choristes Carpenter, 1872 accepted as Amauropsis Mörch, 1857
  • » Genus Labellinacca Cossmann, 1919 † accepted as Euspira Agassiz, 1837
  • » Genus Lunatia Gray, 1847 accepted as Euspira Agassiz, 1837
  • » Genus Mamilla accepted as Mammilla Schumacher, 1817 (incorrect spelling of generic name)
  • » Genus Mamillaria Swainson, 1840 accepted as Polinices Montfort, 1810
  • » Genus Mamma H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 accepted as Polinices Montfort, 1810
  • » Genus Mammillaria Herrmannsen, 1847 accepted as Mamillaria Swainson, 1840 accepted as Polinices Montfort, 1810 (Unjustified emendation)
  • » Genus Naticaria Swainson, 1840 accepted as Mammilla Schumacher, 1817
  • » Genus Naticella Swainson, 1840 accepted as Polinices Montfort, 1810
  • » Genus Naticina Guilding, 1834 accepted as Polinices Montfort, 1810
  • » Genus Polynices Herrmannsen, 1847 accepted as Polinices Montfort, 1810 (Invalid: unjustified emendation of Polinices)
  • » Genus Ruma Gray, 1847 accepted as Mammilla Schumacher, 1817
  • » Genus Sulconacca Marwick, 1924 † accepted as Friginatica Hedley, 1916
  • » Genus Uber Philippi, 1853 accepted as Polinices Montfort, 1810

广口玉螺亚科 Sininae Woodring, 1928

  • » Genus Calinaticina J. Q. Burch & Campbell, 1963
  • » Genus Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885
  • » Genus Gennaeosinum Iredale, 1929
  • » Genus Payraudeautia Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883
  • » Genus Sigatica Meyer & Aldrich, 1886
  • 广口玉螺属 Sinum Röding, 1798
  • » Genus Catinus Oken, 1835 accepted as Sinum Röding, 1798
  • » Genus Cryptostoma accepted as Cryptostomus Blainville, 1818 accepted as Sinum Röding, 1798 (incorrect subsequent spelling of Cryptostomus)
  • » Genus Cryptostomus Blainville, 1818 accepted as Sinum Röding, 1798
  • » Genus Ectosinum Iredale, 1931 accepted as Sinum Röding, 1798
  • » Genus Heliconatica Dall, 1924 accepted as Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885
  • » Genus Naticina Gray, 1847 accepted as Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885 (Invalid: junior homonym of Naticina Guilding, 1834; Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885 is a replacement name)
  • » Genus Pervisinum Iredale, 1931 accepted as Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885
  • » Genus Propesinum Iredale, 1924 accepted as Eunaticina P. Fischer, 1885
  • » Genus Sigaretus Lamarck, 1799 accepted as Sinum Röding, 1798

亞科分類未定

subfamily ?

異名
  • Genus Amauropsella Bayle, 1885 accepted as Amauropsona Finlay & Marwick, 1937 † (Invalid: junior objective synonym of Amaurellina)
  • Genus Bensonia Gray, 1847 accepted as Laguncula Benson, 1842
  • Genus Scarlatia Schileyko, 1977 accepted as Laguncula Benson, 1842
  • Genus Uba Fletcher, 1938 † accepted as Uber Philippi, 1853 accepted as Polinices Montfort, 1810 (Incorrect subsequent spelling)

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 Huelsken, T.; Marek, C; Schreiber, S; Schmidt, I; Hollmann, M. The Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) of Giglio Island (Tuscany, Italy): Shell characters, live animals, and a molecular analysis of egg masses (PDF). Zootaxa (Magnolia Press). 2008, 1770: 1–40 [2010-06-07]. ISSN 1175-5334 (英语).
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 鍾柏生; 賴景陽. 台灣的玉螺. 貝友 (中華民國貝類學會). 1997, 23: 22–31.
  3. ^ http://www.beike.red/product-item-29.html
  4. ^ Cameron, Ann M. Some aspects of the behaviour of the soldier crab, Mictyris longicarpus. Pacific Science. 1966, 20 (2): 224–234. hdl:10125/7754 (英语).
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Huelsken, T. First evidence of drilling predation by Conuber sordidus (Swainson, 1821) (Gastropoda: Naticidae) on soldier crabs (Crustacea: Mictyridae) (PDF). Molluscan Research. 2011, 31 (2): 125–131 [2018-04-11] (英语).
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 张素萍 (编). 玉螺总科. 中国动物志 无脊椎动物. 第五十六卷 软体动物门 腹足纲 凤螺总科 玉螺总科. 科學出版社. ISBN 9787030473158 (中文(简体)‎).
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 Kabat, A.R. The classification of the Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda): Review and analysis of the supraspecific taxa. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 1991, 152: 417–449 (英语).
  8. ^ Cernohorsky, W.O. The family Naticidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda) in the Fiji Islands. Auckland Inst. Mus. 1971, 8: 169–208 (英语).
  9. ^ Marincovich, L.N. Bulletins of American Paleontology 70: 169–212. 1977 (英语).
  10. ^ Bandel K. 1999. On the origin of the carnivorous gastropod group Naticoidea (Mollusca) in the Cretaceous with description of some convergent but unrelated groups. Greifswalder Geowissenschaftliche Beiträge, 6, 134-175.
  11. ^ Frýda, J.; Hausdorf, B.; Ponder, W.; Valdés, Á.; Warén, A. Bouchet P.; Rocroi J.-P., 编. Classification and nomenclator of gastropod families. Malacologia: International Journal of Malacology (Hackenheim, Germany / Ann Arbor, USA: ConchBooks). 2005, 47 (1-2): 397 pp. ISBN 3-925919-72-4. ISSN 0076-2997.
  12. ^ Bouchet, P.; Rocroi, J.P.; Hausdorf, B.; Kaim , A.; Kano , Y.; Nützel , A.; Parkhaev, P.; Schrödl, M.; Strong , E.E. Revised classification, nomenclator and typification of gastropod and monoplacophoran families. Malacologia. 2017, 61 (1-2): 1–526. doi:10.4002/040.061.0201 (英语).
  13. ^ Siemers C. T. & King N. R. (1974). "Macroinvertebrate paleoecology of a transgressive marine sandstone, Cliff House Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous), Chaco Canyon, northwestern New Mexico" PDF.

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玉螺科: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

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玉螺科(學名:Naticidae)是一個微小到大型捕食性海螺的一個,都是玉黍螺類支序的海洋腹足綱軟體動物。本科物種的螺殼大多呈球體狀(包括有:圓球形卵球形耳形)。其物種可食用。

玉螺科是玉螺總科的唯一一個分類單元。

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タマガイ科 ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
タマガイ科 Tanea lineata.jpg
Tanea lineata
分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 軟体動物 Mollusca : 腹足綱 Gastropoda 亜綱 : 直腹足亜綱 Orthogastropoda 上目 : 新生腹足上目 Caenogastropoda : 吸腔目 Sorbeoconcha 亜目 : 高腹足亜目 Hypsogastropoda 下目 : タマキビガイ下目 Littorinimorpha 上科 : タマガイ上科 Naticoidea : タマガイ科 Naticidae
Guilding, 1834 学名 Naticidae

タマガイ科(たまがいか、Naticidae)は、クリガイ亜科タマガイ亜科トミガイ亜科フクロガイ亜科などで構成される軟体動物巻貝の仲間である。

小さい物は5ミリ、大きい物は約100ミリまで。殆どの種類が3-4センチが大半である。特徴としてクリガイ亜科は殻が薄く、タマガイ属は蓋が石灰質、トミガイ属は殻は厚く蓋は質、フクロガイ属は殻質は薄く蓋は小さいか退化している。

タマガイ科の貝は全て肉食性で主に二枚貝などを捕食する事が知られている。しかし、林奨一郎博士は同じ種類同士で共食いをするのでは無いかという話をしていた。捕食された貝類の殻には皿ネジをはめ込むような孔が開く。

夜行性の種類が大半で、夜に砂の中を活発に這い回る。産卵期には「砂茶碗」という茶碗をひっくり返した様な形のタマガイ科の貝の卵のうが砂浜で見つかる事がある。

執筆の途中です この項目は、動物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますPortal:生き物と自然プロジェクト:生物)。
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タマガイ科: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

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