dcsimg

Associations

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Known Predators:

  • bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus)
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Coppolino, S. 2000. "Esox americanus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esox_americanus.html
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Sera Coppolino, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Habitat

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This species is most often found in clear lakes and slow to moderate running streams, but can also be found in overflow pools and marshes. Their habitat includes dense aquatic vegetation and bottoms with organic matter. The preferred temperature of this fish is 26° C. The highest population densities are found in shallow weedy areas with lots of vegetation including leafy liverworts, water lilies, filamentous algae, pondweeds, and cattails (Wallus, et al., 1990).

Aquatic Biomes: lakes and ponds; rivers and streams

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Coppolino, S. 2000. "Esox americanus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esox_americanus.html
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Sera Coppolino, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Distribution

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Esox americanus americanus is found throughout many large river drainages from the Midwest to the Atlantic coast of North America, and from southern Canada to the southern United States. Some of the large Rivers this species is found in are the Mississippi, Ohio, Brazos, and Tennessee Rivers. An Atlantic coast form of the species is found from New York to Georgia and in eastern drainages. Another group, which are intergrades of the two subspecies, are found in the Gulf Coast Drainages in Alabama, Florida and southwestern Georgia.

Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )

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Coppolino, S. 2000. "Esox americanus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esox_americanus.html
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Sera Coppolino, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Trophic Strategy

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E. americanus americanus is a predator that as an adult feeds on large insect larvae, crayfishes and other fishes. This fish does not move a great deal to hunt for food. Instead it camouflages itself and waits for unsuspecting prey. When it has the prey located, it will dart out of hiding quickly, grasp the prey and swallow it head first (Mettee, et al., 1990). Newly hatched larvae feed on larvae of later spawning species.

Animal Foods: fish; insects; aquatic crustaceans

Primary Diet: carnivore (Piscivore , Insectivore , Eats non-insect arthropods)

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Coppolino, S. 2000. "Esox americanus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esox_americanus.html
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Sera Coppolino, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Benefits

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It can be fun to fish for Esox americanus americanus, but because they do not grow very large, they are not popular as a sport fish. The meat from these fish is white, flaky, and sweet, but bony (Florida Fish and Wildlife, 2000).

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Coppolino, S. 2000. "Esox americanus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esox_americanus.html
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Sera Coppolino, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Conservation Status

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Esox americanus americanus is a common species with a wide geographic range. It is not threatened or endangered.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

State of Michigan List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Coppolino, S. 2000. "Esox americanus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esox_americanus.html
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Sera Coppolino, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Behavior

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Coppolino, S. 2000. "Esox americanus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esox_americanus.html
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Sera Coppolino, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Untitled

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There are two subspecies of E. americanus americanus. They are E. americanus americanus, commonly known as the redfin pickerel, and E. americanus vermiculatus, known better as the grass pickerel. These subspecies are very similar and do breed together where their ranges overlap. Redfin pickerel live to six years, and grass pickerel live to seven years (Mettee, 1996).

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Coppolino, S. 2000. "Esox americanus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esox_americanus.html
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Sera Coppolino, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Morphology

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This fish is an esocid. It has fully scaled cheeks and gill covers, and the top of the head has few or no scales. A darkened backward slanting vertical bar is present beneath the eyes. The dorsal side is dark green to brown, and the ventral side is cream or yellow. The color patterns on the lateral sides is variable, from a green and white brick wall pattern to forward slanting vertical bars (Mettee, et al., 1996). E. americanus americanus can occasionally grow longer than 12 inches (Florida Fish and Wildlife, 2000).

Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike

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Coppolino, S. 2000. "Esox americanus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esox_americanus.html
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Sera Coppolino, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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William Fink, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Reproduction

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Depending on the location of the fish, spawning will take place anywhere from late February to early May, with fish in warmer climates spawning earlier than those in colder climates. E. americanus americanus is one of the earliest spawning fishes in the spring. To spawn, the fish migrate from large rivers and lakes into small streams. Spawning temperature has been estimated at anywhere from 4°C to 18.3°C (Wallus, et al., 1990).

The act of spawning occurs with one female and several males. Eggs and milt are ejected by sudden lashings of the caudal fin. Eggs are broadcast over aquatic vegetation, moss, leaves, twigs, and in temporary floodplains, marshes and shallow pools (Wallus et al., 1990). The incubation period of the eggs lasts from 11 to 15 days, longer incubation is needed for eggs to mature in colder water.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; sexual ; oviparous

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Coppolino, S. 2000. "Esox americanus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Esox_americanus.html
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Sera Coppolino, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Diagnostic Description

provided by Fishbase
Body robust, long, cylindrical, cross-section almost circular with flattened to slightly concave dorsal surface. Head large, flat, naked on top. Snout short, broad spatulate, dorsal surface between raised orbits and tip of snout slightly convex. Mouth large, horizontal, reaching at least to middle of pupil or suborbital bar. Teeth moderately large, those in front of upper jaw and several along each side of ramus a little enlarged; cheek and opercle fully scaled. Gill rakers are reduced to patches of sharp denticles. Branchiostegal rays: 19-31. Cardioid scales between pelvic fins 6-32, intergrades 0-26; notched scales in a line between dorsal and anal fin origins 7-25, intergrades 1-22. Submandibular pores 3:2 to 6:5, usually 4:4.Pigmentation: Olivaceous to black above; belly pale amber to white, sometimes mottled wit dark; mid-dorsal band from nape to dorsal fin origin inconspicuous and pale. Sides with 20-36 olive to black wavy vertical bars separated by paler extensions of what had been lateral band in young, pale area between adjacent bars narrower. Suborbital and preorbital black bars pronounced, suborbital curved back ventrally, postorbital horizontal; lateral edges of jaws heavily pigmented. Pupil yellow to yellow green, iris gold. Dorsal fin darkly pigmented, others orange to red.
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Recorder
Susan M. Luna
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Life Cycle

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Spawning takes place in flood plains, grassy banks, sloughs, ditches and overflow ponds in areas of heavy vegetation, sometimes in water less than 30.5 cm deep (Ref. 39088).
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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 13 - 21; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 13 - 18; Vertebrae: 42 - 51
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Trophic Strategy

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Live in lakes, swamps, and backwaters, and sluggish pools of streams. Occur usually among vegetation in clear water (Ref. 5723, 10294). Also found in brush piles, overhanging brush or rocks and boulders in areas lacking vegetation. Rarely occur in rivers (Ref. 4639). In winter, they are found associated with dead leaf litter (Ref. 39089). Juveniles are found in flood pools and rivulets among exposed roots, twigs, leaves, and grass in 7.6-10.2 cm of water (Ref. 39088). Larvae are sometimes found in very shallow water in roadside ditches, also in dead leaf litter (Ref. 39089). Juveniles feed on invertebrates, while adults consume sunfish, darters, and minnows (Ref. 10294).
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Arlene G. Sampang-Reyes
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Biology

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Live in lakes, swamps, and backwaters, and sluggish pools of streams. Usually occur among vegetation in clear water (Ref. 86798). Also found in brush piles, overhanging brush or rocks and boulders in areas lacking vegetation. Rarely occur in rivers (Ref. 4639). In winter, they are found associated with dead leaf litter (Ref. 39089). Juveniles are found in flood pools and rivulets among exposed roots, twigs, leaves, and grass in 7.6-10.2 cm of water (Ref. 39088). Larvae are sometimes found in very shallow water in roadside ditches, also in dead leaf litter (Ref. 39089). Oviparous (Ref. 205).
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Rainer Froese
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Importance

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fisheries: of no interest; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
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Rainer Froese
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Amerikanischer Hecht ( German )

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 src=
Grashecht (E. a. vermiculatus)

Der Amerikanische Hecht (Esox americanus) ist eine Hechtart, die im östlichen und mittleren Nordamerika in zwei Unterarten vorkommt. Der Rotflossenhecht (E. a. americanus) lebt im Stromgebiet des Sankt-Lorenz-Strom und in den östlichen USA bis Georgia und Florida. Die zweite Unterart, der Grashecht (E. a. vermiculatus) kommt in den Großen Seen, im südlichen Ontario, in Michigan, Wisconsin und Nebraska und im Stromgebiet des Mississippi vor. Im Süden an der Küste des Golf von Mexiko wird das Verbreitungsgebiet der beiden Unterarten durch den Pascagoula River in Mississippi getrennt. Der Rotflossenhecht lebt östlich davon, während der Grashecht westlich des Pascagoula River bis zum Brazos River in Texas verbreitet ist.

Merkmale

Der Amerikanische Hecht bleibt für gewöhnlich bei einer Länge von weniger als 40 cm. Der Körper ist schlank, zylindrisch und im Querschnitt fast rund. Der große Kopf ist auf seiner Oberseite unbeschuppt und abgeflacht, die für Hechte relativ kurze Schnauze ist spatenförmig, breit und hat eine leicht konkave Oberseite. Das Maul ist annähernd horizontal, der Unterkiefer steht vor. Die Zähne im Vorderteil des Unterkiefers und einige an den Seiten sind vergrößert. Die Kopfseiten und der Kiemendeckel sind voll beschuppt. Die Kiemenrechen sind zu kleinen scharfen Zähnchen reduziert.

Amerikanische Hechte sind auf ihrer Rückenseite olivfarben bis schwarz, die Bauchseite ist bernsteinfarben bis weißlich und manchmal dunkel marmoriert. Die Pupille ist gelb bis gelb-grün, die Iris ist golden. Ein unauffälliges, bei Rotflossenhechten helles und bei Grashechten rostbraunes Band zieht sich vom Nacken bis zum Beginn der Rückenflosse. Senkrecht stehende, wellige, olivfarbene bis schwarze Bänder mustern die Körperseiten. Beim Rotflossenhecht sind es 20 bis 36 Bänder und die hellen Zonen zwischen den Bändern sind schmaler als die Bänder. Beim Grashecht sind es nur 15 bis 23 Bänder und die hellen Zonen dazwischen sind breiter. Der Rotflossenhecht hat einen an den Seiten stark pigmentierten Unterkiefer. Die Rückenflosse ist dunkel, die übrigen Flossen sind rötlich. Beim Grashecht ist der Unterkiefer nur schwach pigmentiert. Die Rückenflosse ist dunkel, die Vorderkanten der übrigen Flossen sind schwarz. Ansonsten sind seine Flossen dunkel bis bernsteinfarben.

Lebensweise

Amerikanische Hechte leben in Pflanzenbeständen in Seen, Sümpfen, Altarmen und strömungsarmen Bereichen von kleinen bis mittelgroßen Flüssen. Wie alle Hechte ist der Amerikanische Hecht ein Raubfisch.

Literatur

  • Roger Tory Peterson, Lawrence M. Page, Mariner Books: A Field Guide to Freshwater Fishes: North America North of Mexico. Mariner Books, 1998, ISBN 0-3959-1091-9

Weblinks

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Amerikanischer Hecht: Brief Summary ( German )

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 src= Grashecht (E. a. vermiculatus)

Der Amerikanische Hecht (Esox americanus) ist eine Hechtart, die im östlichen und mittleren Nordamerika in zwei Unterarten vorkommt. Der Rotflossenhecht (E. a. americanus) lebt im Stromgebiet des Sankt-Lorenz-Strom und in den östlichen USA bis Georgia und Florida. Die zweite Unterart, der Grashecht (E. a. vermiculatus) kommt in den Großen Seen, im südlichen Ontario, in Michigan, Wisconsin und Nebraska und im Stromgebiet des Mississippi vor. Im Süden an der Küste des Golf von Mexiko wird das Verbreitungsgebiet der beiden Unterarten durch den Pascagoula River in Mississippi getrennt. Der Rotflossenhecht lebt östlich davon, während der Grashecht westlich des Pascagoula River bis zum Brazos River in Texas verbreitet ist.

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Кызыл канатлы чуртан ( Tatar )

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Кызыл канатлы чуртан (лат. Esox americanus) — чуртанлылар гаиләсендәге елга балыгы. Төньяк Америка елгаларында таралган.

Аның озынлыгы 30—45 см. Яшәвенең 2-3 нче елында җенси җитлегә. 10 ел яшиләр.

Бу төрнең 2 астөре билгеле[3]:

  • Esox americanus americanus — төньяк кызыл канатлы чуртан
  • Esox americanus vermiculatus — көньяк кызыл канатлы чуртан

Искәрмәләр

Сылтамалар

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Кызыл канатлы чуртан: Brief Summary ( Tatar )

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Кызыл канатлы чуртан (лат. Esox americanus) — чуртанлылар гаиләсендәге елга балыгы. Төньяк Америка елгаларында таралган.

Аның озынлыгы 30—45 см. Яшәвенең 2-3 нче елында җенси җитлегә. 10 ел яшиләр.

Бу төрнең 2 астөре билгеле:

Esox americanus americanus — төньяк кызыл канатлы чуртан Esox americanus vermiculatus — көньяк кызыл канатлы чуртан  src=

Esox americanus americanus

 src=

Esox americanus vermiculatus

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American pickerel

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The American pickerels are two subspecies of Esox americanus, a medium-sized species of North American freshwater predatory fish belonging to the pike family (genus Esox in family Esocidae of order Esociformes):

  • Redfin pickerel, sometimes called the brook pickerel, E. americanus americanus Gmelin, 1789;
  • Grass pickerel, E. americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846.

Lesueur originally classified the grass pickerel as E. vermiculatus, but it is now considered a subspecies of E. americanus.

There is no widely accepted English common collective name for the two E. americanus subspecies; "American pickerel" is a translation of the French systematic name brochet d'Amérique.

Description

The two subspecies are very similar, but the grass pickerel lacks the redfin's distinctive orange to red fin coloration, as its fins having dark leading edges and amber to dusky coloration. In addition, the light areas between the dark bands are generally wider on the grass pickerel and narrower on the redfin pickerel. Record size grass and redfin pickerels can weigh around 2 pounds (0.91 kg)[2] and reach lengths of around 13 inches (33 cm).[3] Redfin and grass pickerels are typically smaller than chain pickerels, which can be much larger.[3]

Distribution and habitats

The redfin and grass pickerels occur primarily in sluggish, vegetated waters of pools, lakes and wetlands, and are carnivorous predators feeding on smaller fish. However, larger fishes, such as the striped bass (Morone saxatilis), bowfin (Amia calva) and gray weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), prey on the pickerels in turn when the latter venture into larger rivers or estuaries.

The pickerels reproduce by scattering spherical, sticky eggs in shallow, heavily vegetated waters. The eggs hatch in 11–15 days; the adult pickerels guard neither the eggs nor the young.

Both subspecies are native to the freshwater bodies of North America, and are not to be confused with their more aggressive big cousin, the northern pike. The redfin pickerel's range extends from the Saint Lawrence basin in Quebec down to the Gulf Coast, from Mississippi to Florida; while the grass pickerel's range is further west, extending from the Great Lakes Basin, from Ontario to Michigan, down to the western Gulf Coast, from eastern Texas to Mississippi.

Fishing

The E. americanus subspecies are not as highly prized as a game fish as their larger cousins, the northern pike and muskellunge, but they are nevertheless caught by anglers. McClane's Standard Fishing Encyclopedia describes ultralight tackle as a sporty if overlooked method to catch these small but voracious pikes.

References

  1. ^ NatureServe (2013). "Esox americanus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T184100A15363111. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2013-1.RLTS.T184100A15363111.en. Retrieved 27 September 2022.
  2. ^ "New York State Freshwater Fishing Records". New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. 9 November 2020. Archived from the original on 2021-04-22. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  3. ^ a b Stegemann, Eileen C. (1989). "Pikes - NYS Dept. of Environmental Conservation". New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Archived from the original on 2021-03-09. Retrieved 2021-07-03.
  • Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2004). Esox americanus americanus in FishBase. October 2004 version.
  • Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2004). Esox americanus vermiculatus in FishBase. October 2004 version.
  • "Esox americanus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 5 December 2004.
  • Weinmand, M.L.; Lauer, T.E., "Diet of grass pickerel Esox americanus vermiculatus in Indiana streams." Journal of Freshwater Ecology 22-3 (2007): 451-460
  • Midkiff, E.S.; Tarter, D.C., "Diet and growth of larval and juvenile grass pickerel Esox americanus vermiculatus, and central mudminnow, Umbra limi, in the Green Bottom Wildlife Management Area, Cabell County West Virginia." Proceedings of the West Virginia Academy of Science 68- 2-4 (1996): 37-46
  • Weed, A.C., "Pike, pickerel and muskalonge." Field Mus Nat Hist Zool Leaflet 9 (1927): 1-52
  • Cain, M.L.; Lauer, T.E.; Lau, J.K., "Habitat use of grass pickerel Esox americanus vermiculatus in Indiana streams." American Midland Naturalists 160-1 (2008):96-109
  • Lachance, S., "Report on the situation of the Redfin Pickerel, Esox americanus americanus, in Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 115-4 (2001): 597-607

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American pickerel: Brief Summary

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The American pickerels are two subspecies of Esox americanus, a medium-sized species of North American freshwater predatory fish belonging to the pike family (genus Esox in family Esocidae of order Esociformes):

Redfin pickerel, sometimes called the brook pickerel, E. americanus americanus Gmelin, 1789; Grass pickerel, E. americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846.

Lesueur originally classified the grass pickerel as E. vermiculatus, but it is now considered a subspecies of E. americanus.

There is no widely accepted English common collective name for the two E. americanus subspecies; "American pickerel" is a translation of the French systematic name brochet d'Amérique.

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Esox americanus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El lucio americano (Esox americanus) es una especie de pez actinopterigio de agua dulce.[2]

Subespecies

Las dos subespecies conocidas para algunos autores son especies distintas:[3]

  • Esox americanus americanus Gmelin, 1789[4]
  • Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846[5]

Morfología

La longitud máxima descrita es de poco menos de 40 cm.[6]​ No tiene espinas ni en la aleta dorsal ni en la anal, cuerpo robusto y casi cilíndrico con la superficie dorsal aplanada a ligeramente cóncoava, cabeza grande aplanada, hocico corto con la punta ligeramente convexa, boca grande horizontal que alcanza hasta la mitad del ojo y con dientes moderadamente grandes.[4]

La pingmentación es entre olivácea y negro, con el vientre de color ámbar pálido a blanco, a veces moteado, banda pálida dorsal discreta desde la nuca a la base de la aleta dorsal, laterales con 20 a 36 barras oscuras con separación entre ellas más pálida, bordes laterales de las mandíbulas fuertemente pigmentados, pupila del ojo de color amarillo con el iris dorado, aleta dorsal de pigmentación oscura, otras de color anaranjado a rojo.[4]

Distribución y hábitat

Son peces de agua dulce de comportamiento demersal, no migradores.[4]​ Se distribuyen por las cuencas fluviales de la vertiente atlántica de América del Norte, desde la cuenca del río San Lorenzo en Quebec (Canadá) hasta el sur de Georgia en Estados Unidos, así como la vertiente del golfo de México desde Pascagoula hasta Florida.[4]

Vive en lagos, pantanos y aguas estancadas, así como en remansos lentos de los arroyos, donde prefieren por lo general vivir entre la vegetación en el agua clara.[4]​ También se le puede encontrar escondido entre la maleza de arbustos de las orillas, rara vez se le puede ver en los ríos abiertos.[7]​ En invierno se le encuentra asociado a hojarasca muerta.[8]​ Los juveniles se encuentran en las charcas de inundación y riachuelos, entre las raíces expuestas, ramitas, hojas y hierba a pocos centímetros de la superficie.[9]

Se alimentan principalmente de todo tipo de crustáceos, peces e insectos.[10]

Referencias

  1. NatureServe. (2013). «Esox americanus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2015-4 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 15 de enero de 2016.
  2. "Esox americanus". En FishBase (Rainer Froese y Daniel Pauly, eds.). Consultada en enero de 2016. N.p.: FishBase, 2016.
  3. Especies de "Esox". En FishBase. (Rainer Froese y Daniel Pauly, eds.). Consultada en enero de 2016. N.p.: FishBase, 2016.
  4. a b c d e f Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr, 1991. A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 p.
  5. Robins, C.R., R.M. Bailey, C.E. Bond, J.R. Brooker, E.A. Lachner, R.N. Lea and W.B. Scott, 1991. Common and scientific names of fishes from the United States and Canada. Am. Fish. Soc. Spec. Pub. (20):183 p.
  6. IGFA (2001). «Database of IGFA angling records until 2001». IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, EE.UU.
  7. Jones, P.W., F.D. Martin y J.D. Hardy Jr. (1978). «Development of fishes of the Mid-Atlantic Bight. An atlas of eggs, larval and juvenile stages. Vol. 1. Acipenseridae through Ictaluridae». U.S. Fish Wildl. Ser. Biol. Serv. Program FWS/OBS-78/12. 336 p.
  8. Ming, A.D. (1968). «Life history of the grass pickerel, Esox americanus vermiculatus in Oklahoma». Okla. Fish. Res. Lab. Bull. 8. 65 p.
  9. Crossman, E.J. (1962). «The redfin pickerel, Esox americanus americanus in North Carolina». Copeia 1962(1):114-123.
  10. Jenkins, R.E. y N.M. Burkhead (1993). «Freshwater fishes of Virginia». American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, Maryland. 1079 p.

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Esox americanus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El lucio americano (Esox americanus) es una especie de pez actinopterigio de agua dulce.​

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Esox americanus ( Basque )

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Esox americanus Esox generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Esocidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Esox americanus FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Esox americanus: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Esox americanus Esox generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Esocidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Amerikanhauki ( Finnish )

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Amerikanhauki (Esox americanus) on pohjoisamerikkalainen sisävesikala, yksi hauen suvun lajeista. Se on varsin pienikokoinen haukilaji, joka kasvaa korkeintaan 40 sentin pituiseksi ja kilon painoiseksi. Se viihtyy miltei umpeenkasvaneissa vesissä.

Amerikanhauki esiintyy Pohjois-Amerikan itäosissa, jossa sen levinneisyys ulottuu Meksikonlahden rantavaltioista Suurille järville ja Quebeciin. Laji käsittää kaksi eri alalajia. Näistä punaeväinen Esox americanus americanus ("redfin pickerel") on itäisempi ja elää Atlanttiin laskevissa vesissä Georgiasta pohjoiseen. Tummaeväinen Esox americanus vermiculatus ("grass pickerel") taas on eteläinen ja läntinen alalaji.

Pohjois-Amerikassa esiintyvät myös suuremmat haukilajit hauki, mustahauki ja jättihauki.

Amerikanhauen saalistajia luonnossa ovat ihmisen lisäksi ainakin valkopäämerikotka (Haliaeetus leucocephalus).[2]

Lähteet

Viitteet

  1. NatureServe: Esox americanus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. 2013. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 15.08.2013. (englanniksi)
  2. University of Michigan, Animal Diversity Web (ADW): Esox americanus (englanniksi)

Aiheesta muualla

Tämä kaloihin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Amerikanhauki: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Amerikanhauki (Esox americanus) on pohjoisamerikkalainen sisävesikala, yksi hauen suvun lajeista. Se on varsin pienikokoinen haukilaji, joka kasvaa korkeintaan 40 sentin pituiseksi ja kilon painoiseksi. Se viihtyy miltei umpeenkasvaneissa vesissä.

Amerikanhauki esiintyy Pohjois-Amerikan itäosissa, jossa sen levinneisyys ulottuu Meksikonlahden rantavaltioista Suurille järville ja Quebeciin. Laji käsittää kaksi eri alalajia. Näistä punaeväinen Esox americanus americanus ("redfin pickerel") on itäisempi ja elää Atlanttiin laskevissa vesissä Georgiasta pohjoiseen. Tummaeväinen Esox americanus vermiculatus ("grass pickerel") taas on eteläinen ja läntinen alalaji.

Pohjois-Amerikassa esiintyvät myös suuremmat haukilajit hauki, mustahauki ja jättihauki.

Amerikanhauen saalistajia luonnossa ovat ihmisen lisäksi ainakin valkopäämerikotka (Haliaeetus leucocephalus).

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Esox americanus ( French )

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Esox americanus, communément appelé Brochet d'Amérique, est une espèce de poissons d'eau douce appartenant à la famille des Esocidae.

Ce poisson de petite taille (15 à 20 cm) possède toutes les caractéristiques d'un prédateur efficace. Son corps est hydrodynamique, allongé et de section ronde. Sa bouche est plate, allongée, et garnie d'environ 700 dents.[réf. nécessaire] ; les plus grandes sont situées sur les mâchoires et son palais est littéralement tapissé de dents pointues plus petites et incurvées vers l'arrière.

Sous-espèces

Notes et références

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Esox americanus: Brief Summary ( French )

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Esox americanus, communément appelé Brochet d'Amérique, est une espèce de poissons d'eau douce appartenant à la famille des Esocidae.

Ce poisson de petite taille (15 à 20 cm) possède toutes les caractéristiques d'un prédateur efficace. Son corps est hydrodynamique, allongé et de section ronde. Sa bouche est plate, allongée, et garnie d'environ 700 dents.[réf. nécessaire] ; les plus grandes sont situées sur les mâchoires et son palais est littéralement tapissé de dents pointues plus petites et incurvées vers l'arrière.

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Esox americanus americanus ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vissen

Esox americanus americanus is een ondersoort van de straalvinnige vissen uit de familie van de snoeken (Esocidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1789 door Gmelin.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. (en) Esox. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 02 2013 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2013.
Geplaatst op:
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Esox americanus ( Portuguese )

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Esox americanus (american pickerel ou lúcio-americano) é uma espécie de peixe da água doce, nativo da América do Norte, da família dos lúcios (Esocidae) e da ordem dos Esociformes, subdividida em duas subespécies: Esox americanus americanus (em inglês, redfin pickerel) e Esox americanus vermiculatus (em inglês, grass pickerel). O habitat do Esox americanus americanus estende-se da bacia do Rio São Lourenço, em Quebec, até a costa do Golfo do México, do Mississípi à Flórida, enquanto que o habitat do Esox americanus vermiculatus estende-se mais para o oeste, dos Grandes Lagos da América do Norte até a costa do Golfo do México, no leste do Texas até o Mississípi.

As duas subespécies são bastante semelhantes, mas o Esox americanus vermiculatus carece da coloração ao laranja e vermelha distinta nas barbatanas. Estas possuem bordas escuras e uma coloração que varia do âmbar ao cinzento. Além disso, as áreas claras entre as faixas escuras são geralmente mais largas no Esox americanus vermiculatus do que no Esox americanus americanus. Esses peixes chegam a um comprimento máximo de 40 centímetros e a um peso máximo de 1 quilograma.

As duas subespécies habitam geralmente águas paradas e cobertas de vegetação, lagos e pântanos, e são carnívoros, alimentando-se de peixes menores. Peixes maiores, como o "striped bass" (Morone saxatilis), "bowfin" (Amia calva) e "gray weakfish" (Cynoscion regalis), por sua vez, alimentam-se desses lúcios quando estes se aventuram em rios maiores ou estuários.

Esses peixes reproduzem-se espalhando ovos esféricos e aderentes em águas rasas e dotadas de muita vegetação aquática. Os ovos eclodem em um período de 11 a 15 dias; os adultos não guardam nem os ovos nem os alevinos.

Apesar de as subespécies de Esox americanus não serem tão cobiçadas pelos pescadores esportivos quanto os seus primos maiores, o "northern pike" (Esox lucius) e o "muskellunge" (Esox masquinongy), elas são também alvo da pesca esportiva com material leve.

Charles Alexandre Lesueur originalmente classificou o grass pickerel como Esox vermiculatus, mas atualmente este peixe é considerado uma subespécie de Esox americanus.

O Esox americanus americanus é por vezes denominado "brook pickerel". Não existe nenhuma denominação coletiva na língua inglesa para as duas subespécies de Esox americanus; o termo “american pickerel” é uma tradução do nome sistemático e do francês "brochet d'Amérique".

Referências gerais

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Esox americanus: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

provided by wikipedia PT

Esox americanus (american pickerel ou lúcio-americano) é uma espécie de peixe da água doce, nativo da América do Norte, da família dos lúcios (Esocidae) e da ordem dos Esociformes, subdividida em duas subespécies: Esox americanus americanus (em inglês, redfin pickerel) e Esox americanus vermiculatus (em inglês, grass pickerel). O habitat do Esox americanus americanus estende-se da bacia do Rio São Lourenço, em Quebec, até a costa do Golfo do México, do Mississípi à Flórida, enquanto que o habitat do Esox americanus vermiculatus estende-se mais para o oeste, dos Grandes Lagos da América do Norte até a costa do Golfo do México, no leste do Texas até o Mississípi.

As duas subespécies são bastante semelhantes, mas o Esox americanus vermiculatus carece da coloração ao laranja e vermelha distinta nas barbatanas. Estas possuem bordas escuras e uma coloração que varia do âmbar ao cinzento. Além disso, as áreas claras entre as faixas escuras são geralmente mais largas no Esox americanus vermiculatus do que no Esox americanus americanus. Esses peixes chegam a um comprimento máximo de 40 centímetros e a um peso máximo de 1 quilograma.

As duas subespécies habitam geralmente águas paradas e cobertas de vegetação, lagos e pântanos, e são carnívoros, alimentando-se de peixes menores. Peixes maiores, como o "striped bass" (Morone saxatilis), "bowfin" (Amia calva) e "gray weakfish" (Cynoscion regalis), por sua vez, alimentam-se desses lúcios quando estes se aventuram em rios maiores ou estuários.

Esses peixes reproduzem-se espalhando ovos esféricos e aderentes em águas rasas e dotadas de muita vegetação aquática. Os ovos eclodem em um período de 11 a 15 dias; os adultos não guardam nem os ovos nem os alevinos.

Apesar de as subespécies de Esox americanus não serem tão cobiçadas pelos pescadores esportivos quanto os seus primos maiores, o "northern pike" (Esox lucius) e o "muskellunge" (Esox masquinongy), elas são também alvo da pesca esportiva com material leve.

Charles Alexandre Lesueur originalmente classificou o grass pickerel como Esox vermiculatus, mas atualmente este peixe é considerado uma subespécie de Esox americanus.

O Esox americanus americanus é por vezes denominado "brook pickerel". Não existe nenhuma denominação coletiva na língua inglesa para as duas subespécies de Esox americanus; o termo “american pickerel” é uma tradução do nome sistemático e do francês "brochet d'Amérique".

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Esox americanus ( Swedish )

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Esox americanus är en nordamerikansk sötvattenlevande rovfisk i familjen gäddor, som är nära släkt med den vanliga gäddan. Den har två underarter, rödfenad pickerell eller rödfenpickerell (E. americanus americanus) och gräspickerell (E. americanus vermiculatus).

Taxonomi

Arten förekommer som nämnts i de två underarterna gräspickerell (E. americanus vermiculatus Gmelin, 1789)[2] och rödfenad pickerell (E. americanus americanus Lesueur, 1846)[3] Rödfenad pickerell har generellt en något västligare utbredning i USA än gräspickerell, men de två underarternas utbredningsområde sammanfaller delvis,[4][5] och korsningar mellan de två underarterna förekommer.[6]

Utseende

Esox americanus är en liten gädda, som inte blir längre än knappt 40 cm för den rödfenade pickerellen, och knappt 38 cm för gräspickerellen. Den är långsträckt, med ett stort huvud utan fjäll på hjässan samt en stor mun med underbett och tämligen stora tänder. Nosen är förhållandevis kort för att vara en gädda.[7][8] Färgteckningen skiljer sig tydligt åt mellan de båda underarterna:

Rödfenad pickerell har en mörkgrön till brun rygg samt ett grönt och vitt mönster på sidorna, som kan variera från ett nätmönster till gröna, framåtlutande vertikala streck. Det gröna mönstret blir tunnare och mer fingerlikt mot den gula till beigefärgade buken.[9] Ögat är guldfärgat, med en grön till gulgrön iris. Ryggsidans fenor är mörka, övriga röda till brandgula.[7]

Gräspickerellen har en kropp med 12 till 24 oregelbundna, vertikala, mörka band på grön till brunaktig bakgrund, och en mörkt brunaktig längsstrimma.[6] Buken är gulbrun till vit, och precis som hos den andra underarten har den ett guldfärgat öga med en grön till gulgrön iris. Ryggsidans fenor är mörka med svarta kanter, övriga mörkfärgade till gulbruna.[8]

Vanor

Arten föredrar klara, lugna vatten som sjöar och selvatten i vattendrag, gärna bland vegetation.[7][8] Den lever av större insektslarver, kräftor och fisk. Den rödfenade pickerellen kan bli 6 år gammal, gräspickerellen 7 år.[9]

Utbredning

Den rödfenade pickerellen finns i Québec i Kanada[6] och i USA:s östkuststater (inklusive Pennsylvania) från Maine till centrala Florida och söderut till delstaten Mississippi samt allra sydöstligaste Louisiana.[4]

Gräspickerellen finns i ett område delvis väster därom, från sydvästligaste Québec och södra Ontario i Kanada samt i USA framför allt längs Ohio- och södra Mississippiflodernas avrinningsområden från södra Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio och delstaten New York i norr till Texas och österut till centrala Florida i söder. Spridda, naturliga förekomster finns också i South Dakota, Iowa och Nebraska. Den har dessutom inplanterats i norra Wisconsin och Colorado samt på västkusten i Washington, Oregon och Kalifornien.[5]

Kommersiell användning

Något egentligt kommersiellt fiske förekommer inte, däremot är arten föremål för sportfiske.[7][8]

Referenser

  1. ^ Esox americanus (Gmelin, 1789)” (på engelska). ITIS. 2003. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=162140. Läst 27 augusti 2012.
  2. ^ Esox americanus americanus (Gmelin, 1789)” (på engelska). ITIS. 2003. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=162141. Läst 27 augusti 2012.
  3. ^ Esox americanus vermiculatus (Lesueur, 1846)” (på engelska). ITIS. 2003. http://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=162142. Läst 27 augusti 2012.
  4. ^ [a b] Pam Fuller & Griffin E. Sheehy (12 april 2010). Esox americanus americanus Gmelin, 1789” (på engelska). US Geological Survey. http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=674. Läst 27 augusti 2012.
  5. ^ [a b] Pam Fuller (6 januari 2009). Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846” (på engelska). US Geological Survey. http://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/factsheet.aspx?SpeciesID=675. Läst 27 augusti 2012.
  6. ^ [a b c] Pam Fuller & Griffin E. Sheehy (maj 2005). ”Grass pickerel Esox americanus vermiculatus in Canada” (på engelska) (PDF, 786 kB). COSEWIC – Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. http://dsp-psd.pwgsc.gc.ca/Collection/CW69-14-436-2005E.pdf. Läst 27 augusti 2012.
  7. ^ [a b c d] Froese, Rainer; Militante, Christian Stacy (3 juli 2012). Esox americanus americanus Gmelin, 1789 Redfin pickerel” (på engelska). FishBase. http://www.fishbase.org/summary/speciessummary.php?id=2709. Läst 27 augusti 2012.
  8. ^ [a b c d] Froese, Rainer; Militante, Christian Stacy (3 juli 2012). Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846 Grass pickerel” (på engelska). FishBase. http://www.fishbase.se/summary/speciessummary.php?id=2710. Läst 27 augusti 2012.
  9. ^ [a b] ”Redfin Pickerel” (på engelska). Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. 2008. Arkiverad från originalet den 13 september 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120913180948/http://www.outdooralabama.com/fishing/freshwater/fish/pikes/redfin/. Läst 27 augusti 2012.
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Esox americanus: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

provided by wikipedia SV

Esox americanus är en nordamerikansk sötvattenlevande rovfisk i familjen gäddor, som är nära släkt med den vanliga gäddan. Den har två underarter, rödfenad pickerell eller rödfenpickerell (E. americanus americanus) och gräspickerell (E. americanus vermiculatus).

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Esox americanus ( Vietnamese )

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Esox americanus là một loài cá chó trong họ Esocidae. loài này được phân làm 2 phân loài là E. a. americanusE. a. vermiculatus.

Chú thích

Tham khảo

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thêm hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Esox americanus  src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Esox americanus
  • Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2004). Esox americanus americanus in FishBase. October 2004 version.
  • Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2004). Esox americanus vermiculatus in FishBase. October 2004 version.
  • Esox americanus (TSN 162140) tại Hệ thống Thông tin Phân loại Tích hợp (ITIS).
  • Weinmand, M.L.; Lauer, T.E., "Diet of grass pickerel Esox americanus vermiculatus in Indiana streams." Journal of Freshwater Ecology 22-3 (2007): 451-460
  • Midkiff, E.S.; Tarter, D.C., "Diet and growth of larval and juvenile grass pickerel Esox americanus vermiculatus, and centralmudminnow, Umbra limi, in the Green Bottom Wildlife Management Area, Cabell County West Virginia." Proceedings of West Virginia Academy of Science 68- 2-4 (1999): 37-46
  • Weed, A.C., "Pike, pickerel and muskalonge." Field Mus Nat Hist Zool Leaflet 9 (1927): 1-52
  • Cain, M.L.; Lauer, T.E.; Lau, J.K., "Habitat use of grass pickerel Esox americanus vermiculatus in Indiana streams." American Midland Naturalists 160-1 (2008):96-109
  • Lachance, S., "Report on the situation of the Redfin Pickerel, Esox americanus americanus, in Canada." Canadian Field-Naturalist 115-4 (2001): 597-607


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết Lớp Cá vây tia này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Esox americanus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Esox americanus là một loài cá chó trong họ Esocidae. loài này được phân làm 2 phân loài là E. a. americanus và E. a. vermiculatus.

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Американская щука ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Научная классификация
промежуточные ранги
Домен: Эукариоты
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Группа: Рыбы
Группа: Костные рыбы
Подкласс: Новопёрые рыбы
Инфракласс: Костистые рыбы
Семейство: Щуковые
Род: Щуки
Вид: Американская щука
Международное научное название

Esox americanus Gmelin, 1789

Охранный статус Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
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Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 162140NCBI 184450EOL 207217

Американская щука[1], или краснопёрая щука[1] (лат. Esox americanus) — вид лучепёрых рыб семейства щуковых. Распространена только в восточной части Северной Америки. Различают два подвида: северную краснопёрую щуку (лат. Еsox americanus americanus, англ. redfin pickerel) и южную, или травяную (лат. Еsox americanus vermiculatus, англ. grass pickerel), живущую в бассейне Миссисипи и других рек Мексиканского залива.

Два подвида очень похожи, но у травяной щуки нет оранжево-красной окраски плавников. Предпочитает старицы, запруженные участки рек с сильно развитой растительностью. Внешне она отличается более коротким рылом, небольшими размерами, до 30—45 см. Половой зрелости достигают при длине 13—15 см, в возрасте 2—3 года. Достигают длины 40 см и веса до 1 кг. Продолжительность жизни не более 10 лет.

Примечания

  1. 1 2 Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 75. — 12 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
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Американская щука: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Американская щука, или краснопёрая щука (лат. Esox americanus) — вид лучепёрых рыб семейства щуковых. Распространена только в восточной части Северной Америки. Различают два подвида: северную краснопёрую щуку (лат. Еsox americanus americanus, англ. redfin pickerel) и южную, или травяную (лат. Еsox americanus vermiculatus, англ. grass pickerel), живущую в бассейне Миссисипи и других рек Мексиканского залива.

Два подвида очень похожи, но у травяной щуки нет оранжево-красной окраски плавников. Предпочитает старицы, запруженные участки рек с сильно развитой растительностью. Внешне она отличается более коротким рылом, небольшими размерами, до 30—45 см. Половой зрелости достигают при длине 13—15 см, в возрасте 2—3 года. Достигают длины 40 см и веса до 1 кг. Продолжительность жизни не более 10 лет.

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帶紋狗魚 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Esox americanus
Gmelin, 1789 亞種

Esox americanus americanus J. F. Gmelin, 1789
Esox americanus vermiculatus Lesueur, 1846

帶紋狗鱼学名Esox americanus),为輻鰭魚綱狗魚目狗鱼科的其中一,其下有兩個亞種:Esox americanus americanus和Esox americanus vermiculatus。

分布

本魚分布於北美洲美國加拿大的湖泊及河川。

特徵

本魚體延長,略呈扁平,體中央為最大體高處,頭大,不具鱗片;吻短,吻端寬闊且較鈍;口大,上顎延伸至眼睛前緣,下顎突出,下顎及鋤骨上的牙齒較延長,體上方橄欖色或黑色;腹面灰白到白色,從後頸到背鰭起點的背部中央條紋不明顯。

E. americanus americanus的條紋呈灰白色,瞳孔黃色到黃色的綠色,虹膜黃金。背鰭暗色,其餘各鰭橘色或紅色。背鰭軟條13至21枚;臀鰭軟條13至18枚,體長可達39.4公分。

E. americanus vermiculatus的條紋呈赭褐色,具有15至23個橄欖色到黑色的波浪狀縱帶側邊。眶下骨與眶前骨黑色橫帶明顯,瞳孔黃色到黃色的綠色,虹膜黃金。背鰭暗色,所有鰭具黑色的前緣,鰭餘各魚鰭琥珀色,體長可達37.6公分。

生態

本魚主要棲息在湖泊、河川,成魚冬天會向深水處移動,當春季融雪之時會向岸邊聚集產卵;成魚屬肉食性,以昆蟲及小魚等為食。

經濟利用

為食用魚,也是著名的遊釣魚。

参考文献

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帶紋狗魚: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

帶紋狗鱼(学名:Esox americanus),为輻鰭魚綱狗魚目狗鱼科的其中一,其下有兩個亞種:Esox americanus americanus和Esox americanus vermiculatus。

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cc-by-sa-3.0
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维基百科作者和编辑