Fomitopsis is a genus of more than 40 species of bracket fungi in the family Fomitopsidaceae.
Taxonomy
The genus was circumscribed by Finnish mycologist Petter Karsten in 1881 with Fomitopsis pinicola as the type species.[2] Molecular analysis indicates that Fomitopsis belongs to the antrodia clade, which contains about 70 percent of brown-rot fungi. Other genera that join Fomitopsis in the core antrodia group include Amyloporia, Antrodia, Daedalea, Melanoporia, Piptoporus, and Rhodonia.[3] Studies have indicated that Fomitopsis and Piptoporus were phylogenetically heterogenous, and the type of that genus, Piptoporus betulinus, is in the Fomitopsis core group.[4] This fungus, well known for its use by Ötzi the Iceman, was transferred to Fomitopsis in 2016.[5]
The whole genome sequence of Fomitopsis palustris was reported in 2017.[6]
The generic name combines the name Fomes with the Ancient Greek word ὄψις ("appearance").[7]
Description
Fomitopsis species have fruit bodies that are mostly perennial, with forms ranging from sessile to effused-reflexed (partially crust-like and partially pileate). Fruit body texture is typically tough to woody, and the pore surface is white to tan or pinkish-colored with mostly small and regular pores. Microscopically, Fomitopsis has a dimitic hyphal system with clamped generative hyphae. The spores are hyaline, thin-walled, smooth, roughly spherical to cylindrical, and are negative in Melzer's reagent. Fomitopsis fungi cause a brown rot.[5]
Species
Fomitopsis rosea , Czech Republic
More than 40 species have been accepted in Fomitopsis.
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Fomitopsis anhuiensis X.F.Ren & X.Q.Zhang (1992)
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Fomitopsis avellanea (Bres.) Ryvarden (1988) – Madagascar
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Fomitopsis betulina (Bull.) B.K.Cui, M.L.Han & Y.C.Dai (2016) – widespread in Northern Hemisphere
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Fomitopsis cajanderi (P.Karst.) Kotl. & Pouzar (1957) – North America
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Fomitopsis cana B.K.Cui, Hai J.Li & M.L.Han (2013) – China
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Fomitopsis castanea Imazeki (1949)
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Fomitopsis concava (Cooke) G.Cunn. (1950)
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Fomitopsis cystidiata B.K.Cui & M.L.Han (2014)[8] – China
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Fomitopsis cytisina (Berk.) Bondartsev & Singer (1941)
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Fomitopsis durescens (Overh. ex J.Lowe) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1986)
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Fomitopsis epileucina (Pilát) Ryvarden & Gilb. (1993)
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Fomitopsis euosma Corner (1989)
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Fomes fomentarius Fries (1849)
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Fomitopsis hainaniana J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1991) – China
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Fomitopsis iberica Melo & Ryvarden (1989) – Europe
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Fomitopsis incarnatus K.M.Kim, J.S.Lee & H.S.Jung (2008)
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Fomitopsis kiyosumiensis Imazeki & R.Sasaki (1955)
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Fomitopsis labyrinthica Bernicchia & Ryvarden (1996)
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Fomitopsis lignea (Berk.) Ryvarden (1972) – St.Vincent
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Fomitopsis maire (G.Cunn.) P.K.Buchanan & Ryvarden (1988)
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Fomitopsis minuta Aime & Ryvarden (2007)[9] – Guyana
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Fomitopsis minutispora Rajchenb. (1995)[10] – Argentina
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Fomitopsis mounceae Haight & Nakasone (2019) – Canada, USA[11]
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Fomitopsis niveomarginata L.W.Zhou & Y.L.Wei (2012)[12] – China
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Fomitopsis ochracea Ryvarden & Stokland (2008)[13]
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Fomitopsis officinalis (Vill.) Bondartsev & Singer (1941) – Europe
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Fomitopsis ostreiformis (Berk.) T.Hatt. (2003)
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Fomitopsis palustris (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1985) – United States
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Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P.Karst. (1881) – Europe; North America
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Fomitopsis pseudopetchii (Lloyd) Ryvarden (1972)
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Fomitopsis quadrans (Berk. & Broome) D.A.Reid (1963)
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Fomitopsis rosea (Alb. & Schwein.) P.Karst. (1881) – North America, Dominican Republic, Europe
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Fomitopsis rubida (Berk.) A.Roy & A.B.De (1996) – Philippines; Tanzania
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Fomitopsis rufolaccata (Bose) Dhanda (1981)
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Fomitopsis sanmingensis J.D.Zhao & X.Q.Zhang (1991)[14] – China
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Fomitopsis scalaris (Cooke) Ryvarden (1984)
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Fomitopsis schrenkii Haight & Nakasone (2019) – Canada, USA[11]
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Fomitopsis scortea (Corner) T.Hatt. (2003)
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Fomitopsis sensitiva (Lloyd) R.Sasaki (1954)
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Fomitopsis singularis (Corner) T.Hatt. (2003)
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Fomitopsis spraguei (Berk. & M.A.Curtis) Gilb. & Ryvarden (1985) – Portugal
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Fomitopsis subfeei B.K.Cui & M.L.Han (2014)[15]
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Fomitopsis subtropica B.K.Cui & Hai J.Li (2013)[16] – China
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Fomitopsis subvinosa (Corner) T.Hatt. & Sotome (2013)
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Fomitopsis widdringtoniae Masuka & Ryvarden (1993)[17] – Malawi
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Fomitopsis zuluensis (Wakef.) Ryvarden (1972)
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Fomitopsis sp (Sudhakar,N.) Karthikeyan,G., Shurya,R., Rajha Viknesh,A.M., Ganesan,V. and Sudhakar,N. (2019)India
References
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^ "Synonymy: Fomitopsis P. Karst., Meddn Soc. Fauna Flora fenn. 6: 9 (1881)". Species Fungorum. CAB International. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
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^ Karsten, Petter A. (1881). "Symbolae ad mycologiam Fennicam. VIII". Meddelanden Af Societatis Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica (in Latin). 6: 7–13.
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^ Ortiz-Santana, B.; Lindner, D.L.; Miettinen, O.; Justo, A.; Hibbett, D.S. (2013). "A phylogenetic overview of the antrodia clade (Basidiomycota, Polyporales)". Mycologia. 105 (6): 1391–1411. doi:10.3852/13-051. PMID 23935025. S2CID 6647648.
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^ Kim, Kyung Mo; Yoon, Yuh-Gang; Jung, Hack Sung (2005). "Evaluation of the monophyly of Fomitopsis using parsimony and MCMC methods". Mycologia. 97 (4): 812–822. doi:10.1080/15572536.2006.11832773. JSTOR 3762231. PMID 16457351. S2CID 203881210.
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^ a b Han, Mei-Ling; Chen, Yuan-Yuan; Shen, Lu-Lu; Song, Jie; Vlasák, Josef; Dai, Yu-Cheng; Cui, Bao-Kai (2016). "Taxonomy and phylogeny of the brown-rot fungi: Fomitopsis and its related genera". Fungal Diversity. 80 (1): 343–373. doi:10.1007/s13225-016-0364-y. S2CID 34923876.
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^ Hong, C.Y.; Lee, S.Y.; Ryu, S.H.; Kim, M. (2017). "Whole-genome de novo sequencing of wood rot fungus Fomitopsis palustris (ATCC62978) with both a cellulolytic and ligninolytic enzyme system". Journal of Biotechnology. 251: 156–159. doi:10.1016/j.jbiotec.2017.04.009. PMID 28433724.
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^ Donk, M.A. (1960). "The generic names proposed for Polyporaceae". Persoonia. 1 (2): 173–302.
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^ Han, M.L.; Cui, B.K. (2014). "Morphology and molecular phylogeny for two new species of Fomitopsis (Basidiomycota) from South China". Mycological Progress. 13 (3): 905–914. doi:10.1007/s11557-014-0976-0. S2CID 7516401.
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^ Aime, L.; Ryvarden, L.; Henkel, T.W. (2007). "Studies in Neotropical polypores 22. Additional new and rare species from Guyana". Synopsis Fungorum. 23: 15–31.
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^ Rajchenberg, M. (1995). "New polypores from the Nothofagus forests of Argentina". Mycotaxon. 54: 427–453.
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^ a b John-Erich Haight, Karen K. Nakasone, Gary A. Laursen, Scott A. Redhead, D. Lee Taylor, and Jessie A. Glaesera (2019). Fomitopsis mounceae and F. schrenkii—two new species from North America in the F. pinicola complex." MYCOLOGIA 111(2): 339–357
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^ Zhou, L.W.; Wei, Y.L. (2012). "Changbai wood-rotting fungi 16. A new species of Fomitopsis (Fomitopsidaceae)". Mycological Progress. 11 (2): 435–441. doi:10.1007/s11557-011-0758-x. S2CID 18498331.
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^ Stokland, J.; Ryvarden, L. (2008). "Fomitopsis ochracea species nova". Synopsis Fungorum. 25: 44–47.
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^ Zhao, Ji-Ding; Zhang, Xiao-Qing (1991). "中国拟层孔菌属二新种" [Two new species of genus Fomitopsis Karsten in China]. Acta Mycologica Sinica (in Chinese). 10: 113–116.
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^ Han, Mei-Ling; Cui, Bao-Kai (2015). "Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species and a new Chinese record of Fomitopsis (Polyporales)". Phytotaxa. 56: 168–176.
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^ Li, H.J.; Cui, B.K. (2013). "Fomitopsis subtropics (Polyporales, Basidiomycota), a new species from South China". Mycological Progress. 12: 709–718. doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0882-2. S2CID 9698835.
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^ Masuka, A.; Ryvarden, L. (1993). "Two new polypores from Malawi". Mycologia Helvetica. 5 (2): 143–148.
