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Caladenia melanema Hopper & A. P. Br.

Caladenia melanema

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Caladenia melanema, commonly known as the ballerina orchid,[2] is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a rare orchid with a single erect, hairy leaf and one or two cream-coloured to pale yellow flowers with red markings and black tips on the sepals and petals.

Description

Caladenia melanema is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single erect, hairy leaf, 40–120 mm (2–5 in) long and 2–7 mm (0.08–0.3 in) wide. One or two cream-coloured flowers with red markings, 40–60 mm (1.6–2.4 in) long and 40–50 mm (1.6–2.0 in) wide are borne on a stalk 80–150 mm (3–6 in) tall. The sepals and petals are covered with dark, reddish-brown to black, thread-like tips. The dorsal sepal is erect, 20–45 mm (0.8–2 in) long, about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide and the lateral sepals are a similar length but slightly wider. The lateral sepals spread widely or droop slightly. The petals are 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) long and 1.5–3 mm (0.06–0.1 in) wide and arranged like the lateral sepals. The labellum is 8–11 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long and 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide, white with red stripes, spots and blotches and the tip is curled under. The sides of the labellum have short, white-tipped teeth and there are two rows of calli in the centre. Flowering occurs from August to mid-September.[3][4][2]

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia melanema was first described in 2001 by Stephen Hopper and Andrew Phillip Brown from a specimen collected near Lake Grace and the description was published in Nuytsia.[1] The specific epithet (melanema) is derived from the Ancient Greek words melas meaning "black"[5]: 149  and nema meaning "thread"[5]: 798  referring to the black hairs on the ends of the sepals and petals.[4]

Distribution and habitat

The ballerina orchid is only known from a single population near Lake Altham in the Mallee biogeographic region where it grows in sand near salt lakes.[6][7]

Conservation

Only about 300 mature plants from two populations of C. melanema were known in 2006. The species is classified as "Threatened Flora (Declared Rare Flora — Extant)" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife[7] and is listed as "Critically Endangered" under the Australian Government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999. The main threats to the species are land clearing (although most of the population is now in a reserve), grazing by kangaroos, increasing salinity and road maintenance.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c "Caladenia melanema". APNI. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  2. ^ a b Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. p. 30. ISBN 9780646562322.
  3. ^ Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 111. ISBN 1877069124.
  4. ^ a b Brown, Andrew; Dundas, Pat; Dixon, Kingsley; Hopper, Stephen (2008). Orchids of Western Australia. Crawley, Western Australia: University of Western Australia Press. p. 64. ISBN 9780980296457.
  5. ^ a b Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  6. ^ a b "Approved Conservation Advice for Caladenia melanema (Ballerina Orchid)" (PDF). Australian Government Department of the Environment. Retrieved 20 February 2017.
  7. ^ a b "Caladenia melanema". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
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Caladenia melanema: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Caladenia melanema, commonly known as the ballerina orchid, is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It is a rare orchid with a single erect, hairy leaf and one or two cream-coloured to pale yellow flowers with red markings and black tips on the sepals and petals.

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Caladenia melanema ( Portuguese )

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Caladenia melanema é uma espécie de orquídea, família Orchidaceae, endêmica do sudoeste da Austrália,[1] onde cresce isolada em grupos pequenos, ou grandes colônias, em bosques, áreas reflorestadas, ou de vegetação arbustiva e afloramentos de granito, em áreas de solo bem drenado mas ocasionalmente nas areias ao redor de lagos salgados e planícies sazonalmente alagadiças, com flores de sépalas e pétalas externamente pubescentes, muito estreitas, caudadas, filamentosas agudas, porém mais curtas que a maioria das outras espécies da Alliance Jonesiopsis, bem esparramadas, que vagamente lembram uma teia de aranha. No labelo têm calos prostrados em forma de bigorna. São plantas com uma única folha basal pubescente e uma inflorescência rija, fina e pubescente, com uma ou poucas flores, mas que em conjunto formam grupo vistoso e florífero.[2]

Publicação e sinônimos

  • Caladenia melanema Hopper & A.P.Br., Nuytsia 14: 248 (2001).

Sinônimos homotípicos:

  • Calonema melanemum (Hopper & A.P.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Orchadian 13: 455 (2002).
  • Calonemorchis melanema (Hopper & A.P.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Orchadian 14: 38 (2002).
  • Jonesiopsis melanema (Hopper & A.P.Br.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem., Orchadian 14: 182 (2003).

Referências

  1. R. Govaerts et al. World Checklist of Orchidaceae. The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. «Published on the Internet» (em inglês). Consultada em 7 de janeiro 2013.
  2. David L. Jones (2006). Jonesiopsis in Native Orchids of Australia:99-117. Reed Natural History Australia (Publ.) ISBN 9781877069123

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Caladenia melanema: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

provided by wikipedia PT

Caladenia melanema é uma espécie de orquídea, família Orchidaceae, endêmica do sudoeste da Austrália, onde cresce isolada em grupos pequenos, ou grandes colônias, em bosques, áreas reflorestadas, ou de vegetação arbustiva e afloramentos de granito, em áreas de solo bem drenado mas ocasionalmente nas areias ao redor de lagos salgados e planícies sazonalmente alagadiças, com flores de sépalas e pétalas externamente pubescentes, muito estreitas, caudadas, filamentosas agudas, porém mais curtas que a maioria das outras espécies da Alliance Jonesiopsis, bem esparramadas, que vagamente lembram uma teia de aranha. No labelo têm calos prostrados em forma de bigorna. São plantas com uma única folha basal pubescente e uma inflorescência rija, fina e pubescente, com uma ou poucas flores, mas que em conjunto formam grupo vistoso e florífero.

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Caladenia melanema ( Vietnamese )

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Caladenia melanema là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Lan. Loài này được Hopper & A.P.Br. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 2001.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Caladenia melanema. Truy cập ngày 7 tháng 6 năm 2013.

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Caladenia melanema: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Caladenia melanema là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Lan. Loài này được Hopper & A.P.Br. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 2001.

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