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Wavyleaf Basketgrass

Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem. & Schult.

Comments

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Oplismenus undulatifolius is sometimes considered synonymous with O. hirtellus (Linnaeus) P. Beauvois. Although the two taxa intergrade, O. hirtellus (O. aemulus (R. Brown) Roemer & Schultes) generally has longer racemes (to 3 cm) of contiguous spikelets, at least in the lower part of the inflorescence. It has a more tropical distribution than O. undulatifolius and has recently been reported from Taiwan and Yunnan.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of China Vol. 22: 501 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Comments

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Oplismenus undulatifolius intergrades to a large extent with Oplismenus compositus. Indeed these two species and the tropical Oplismenus hirtellus are little more than facies within a continuum. Nevertheless, the combination of spikelet clumps (rather than racemes) and long awns is characteristic of specimens of Oplismenus undulatifolius from temperate regions, whose separation as an entity does seem justified. The boundaries, however, are by no means distinct and depauperate inflorescences of the other two species may lead to confusion. Little more can be done with this complex until its cytology is known.

Oplismenus undulatifolius is another forest species.

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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 186 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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Description

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Perennial. Culms slender, straggling, ascending from a prostrate base, 20–50 cm tall. Leaf sheaths usually densely tuberculate-hairy, less often glabrous; leaf blades lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 1–15 × 0.3–3 cm, glabrous or variously hairy, base subrounded and usually suboblique, apex acute; ligule ca. 1 mm. Inflorescence axis 9–15 cm, glabrous or hispidulous; racemes 4–9, reduced to dense cuneate fascicles less than 2 cm long, the rachis often setose. Spikelets in 3–5 clustered pairs, lanceolate, hispidulous; glumes herbaceous, awned, the awns stout, purple, viscid; lower glume 3–5-veined, awn 5–10(–15) mm; upper glume 5-veined, awn 2–5 mm; lower lemma herbaceous, 5–9-veined, apex with a stout 1–2 mm mucro, palea absent; upper lemma subcoriaceous, smooth. Fl. and fr. Jul–Nov. 2n = 54.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 22: 501 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Description

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Perennial with trailing culms 15-50 cm long. Leaf-blades narrowly lanceolate to narrowly ovate, 1-7 cm long, 4-15 mm wide. Inflorescence 2-8 cm long, comprising 5-11 cuneate fascicles of 2-6 spikelets, or rarely the lower most forming a short raceme. Spikelets lanceolate, 2.5-4 mm long, glabrous to sparsely pubescent; glumes with smooth viscid awns, the longest in each fascicle 7-14 mm long.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 186 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
editor
S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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eFloras.org
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Distribution

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Distribution: Pakistan (Punjab & Kashmir); warm temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, extending southwards on the uplands of Africa to South Africa; India.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 186 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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Distribution

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S. Europe, warm temperate Asia.
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bibliographic citation
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
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Elevation Range

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2100-2290 m
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
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Flower/Fruit

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Fl. & Fr. Per.: August-September.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 186 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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Habitat & Distribution

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Light shade in forests, moist places. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hebei, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang [warm-temperate and subtropical regions of the N hemisphere, uplands of India and Africa].
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
copyright
Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 22: 501 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
editor
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras.org
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Derivation of specific name

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undulatifolius: with undulate leaves
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Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem. & Schult. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=106090
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Oplismenus undulatifolius

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Oplismenus undulatifolius, commonly known as wavyleaf basketgrass, is a species of perennial grass from the family Poaceae that is native to Eurasia, specifically Southern Europe through Southern Asia.[3][4] Due to its invasive nature, it can be found in countries such as Pakistan (Punjab & Kashmir),[2] China, Japan,[5] Korea, India, Australia,[6] South Africa,[2] and has since been introduced to the Mid-Atlantic United States. There are no recognized subspecies in Catalogue of Life.[7]

Description

Flowers of Oplismenus undulatifolius are typically very light in color compared to the deep-red flowers of Oplismenus hirtellus.

Oplismenus undulatifolius is a shallow rooted perennial with stolons that may grow to several feet in length. The leaves of overwintering plants become brown and dead, but in the spring, new growth begins at the upper nodes of the stolons. In early fall, the sticky awns readily adhere to anything that brushes against them which makes for an effective mode of dispersal.

The species is 15–50 centimetres (5.9–19.7 in) long with leaf-blades being slightly lanceolate, ovate, and are 1–7 centimetres (0.39–2.76 in) long and 4–15 millimetres (0.16–0.59 in) wide. Its inflorescence is 2–8 centimetres (0.79–3.15 in) long and is made out of 5-11 cuneate fascicles which are 0.5–1.5 centimetres (0.20–0.59 in) in length and carry 2-6 spikelets.[8] Spikelets are lanceolate just like leaf-blades, and are 2.5–4 millimetres (0.098–0.157 in) in length. They are also glabrous and pubescent and have glumes which have smooth viscid awns which are 7–14 millimetres (0.28–0.55 in) long.[2] The awns of lower glumes are purple, are 5–10 millimetres (0.20–0.39 in) in length and are 3-5 veined. The lower lemma is herbaceous and have 5-9 veins while the upper one is 5 veined with an awn that is 2–5 millimetres (0.079–0.197 in). The species apex have a stout that is 1–2 millimetres (0.039–0.079 in) long. Flowers and fruits grow from July to November.[5]

This species grows particularly well in moist, shaded environments, in a variety of soil types. In Australia it grows in shady coastal forests at Coffs Harbour.[6]

Ecology

In its native range, Oplismenus undulatifolius is a food source for many species of Lepidoptera, including Elachista kurokoi,[9] Helcystogramma fuscomarginatum,[10] Mycalesis francisca,[11] Mycalesis sangaica,[11] Mycalesis zonata,[12] Palaeonympha opalina,[13] Stigmella oplismeniella,[14] Ypthima akragas,[12][15] Ypthima baldus,[12][15] and Ypthima esakii.[12][15]

As an invasive species

Accidentally introduced into the United States in Maryland and Virginia, this species spreads quickly and is becoming extremely invasive in forested natural areas in the Mid-Atlantic region across numerous counties in Maryland and Virginia.

The species was first reported in Maryland in 1996, growing around the Liberty Reservoir area and the northern section of the Patapsco River in Howard County. The grass spread quickly into connected natural areas in Baltimore and Carroll counties. By 1999 it was identified in Montgomery County at Wheaton Regional Park.[16] In 2006 it was identified in Prince George's County at Little Paint Branch Park [2], the adjacent Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-East and the National Greenbelt Park. It had crossed into Virginia by 2004 where it was found growing at an 80-acre (320,000 m2) site in Shenandoah National Park, and in a 20–30-acre (81,000–121,000 m2) site at the Fraser Preserve along the Potomac River in Fairfax County.[17]

Once a population has become established, complete eradication from a site has proven to be extremely difficult due to a long-lived perennial life cycle, a long seed germination season (April–November), and considerable seed mobility of the species.[18]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ "Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P. Beauv.". Catalogue of New World Grasses. (CNWG). Missouri Botanical Garden – via Tropicos.org.
  2. ^ a b c d Cope, Thomas A. "Oplismenus undulatifolius". Flora of Pakistan. Retrieved 4 February 2016 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  3. ^ "Wavyleaf Basketgrass (Oplismenus hirtellus ssp. undulatifolius)". www.invasive.org. Retrieved 2020-07-22.
  4. ^ "Oplismenus hirtellus ssp. undulatifolius/NJ - Bugwoodwiki". wiki.bugwood.org. Retrieved 2020-07-22.
  5. ^ a b Chen, Shou-liang; Phillips, Sylvia M. "Oplismenus undulatifolius". Flora of China. Vol. 22. Retrieved Nov 20, 2015 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.
  6. ^ a b "Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P.Beauv". PlantNET. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
  7. ^ "Oplismenus undulatifolius". World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Retrieved Nov 20, 2015.
  8. ^ W.D. Clayton; M. Vorontsova; K.T. Harman; H. Williamson. "Oplismenus undulatifolius". The Board of Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew: GrassBase. Retrieved May 16, 2013.
  9. ^ Sugisima, K., 2005: A revision of the Elachista praelineata group (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) in Japan, with comments on morphology of the pupa in Elachista. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 148: 1-19. Full article: [1].
  10. ^ "Helcystogramma". www.nic.funet.fi. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  11. ^ a b "Mycalesis". www.nic.funet.fi. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  12. ^ a b c d "HOSTS - The Hostplants and Caterpillars Database at the Natural History Museum". www.nhm.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  13. ^ "Palaeonympha". www.nic.funet.fi. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  14. ^ Kemperman, Theo C.M.; Wilkinson, Christopher (October 1985). "Japanese Species Of The Genus Stigmella (nepticulidae: Lepidoptera)" (PDF). NEW SERIES 32. 1: 107. Retrieved 10 February 2016. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  15. ^ a b c "Ypthima". www.nic.funet.fi. Retrieved 2016-02-10.
  16. ^ Peterson, P.M., E.E. Terrell, E.C. Uebel, C.A. Davis, H. Scholz, and R.J. Soreng. 1999. (Scientific Note) Oplismenus hirtellus subspecies undulatifolius, A new record for North America. Castanea 64:201-202.
  17. ^ "Wavyleaf Basket Grass, an Invasive Exotic, Found in Virginia". 5 November 2008.
  18. ^ Beauchamp, Vanessa B.; Koontz, Stephanie M.; Suss, Christine; Hawkins, Chad; Kyde, Kerrie L.; Schnase, John L. (2013). "An introduction toOplismenus undulatifolius(Ard.) Roem. & Schult. (wavyleaf basketgrass), a recent invader in Mid-Atlantic forest understories1,2". The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society. 140 (4): 391–413. doi:10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1. ISSN 1095-5674. S2CID 85240930.

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Oplismenus undulatifolius: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

Oplismenus undulatifolius, commonly known as wavyleaf basketgrass, is a species of perennial grass from the family Poaceae that is native to Eurasia, specifically Southern Europe through Southern Asia. Due to its invasive nature, it can be found in countries such as Pakistan (Punjab & Kashmir), China, Japan, Korea, India, Australia, South Africa, and has since been introduced to the Mid-Atlantic United States. There are no recognized subspecies in Catalogue of Life.

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Oplismenus undulatifolius ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Oplismenus undulatifolius es una especie de hierba perenne de la familia Poaceae que es nativa de Asia del Sur, Asia Oriental, Sudeste de Asia, Australia y África Meridional. Se puede encontrar en países como Pakistán (Punjab y Cachemira),[2]China,[3]Japón, Corea, India, Australia,[4]Sudáfrica,[1]​ y desde entonces se ha introducido en el Atlántico medio. Estados Unidos. No hay subespecies reconocidas en el Catálogo de la Vida.[5]

Descripción

 src=
Flores de Oplismenus undulatifolius son típicamente de color muy claro en comparación con las flores de color rojo oscuro de Oplismenus hirtellus.

Oplismenus undulatifolius es una planta perenne de raíces poco profundas con estolones que pueden crecer hasta varios pies de largo. Las hojas de las plantas invernantes se vuelven marrones y muertas, pero en la primavera, comienza un nuevo crecimiento en los nudos superiores de los estolones. A principios del otoño, los toldos pegajosos se adhieren fácilmente a cualquier cosa que los roce, lo que lo convierte en un modo efectivo de dispersión.

La planta mide 15–50 centímetros de largo, las láminas foliares son ligeramente lanceoladas, ovadas y miden entre 1–7 centímetros y 4–15 milímetros de ancho. Su inflorescencia es de 2–8 centímetros de largo y está formada por 5-11 fascículos cuneados que tienen una longitud de 0,5–1,5 centímetros y llevan de 2 a 6 espiguillas.[6]​ Las espiguillas son lanceoladas como las láminas foliares, y miden 2.5–4 milímetros de longitud. También son glabras y pubescentes y tienen glumas que tienen aristas viscosas lisas que miden de 7 a 14 milímetros de largo. Las aristas de las glumas inferiores son de color púrpura, tienen una longitud de 5 a 10 milímetros y son 3-5 veteados. El lema inferior es herbáceo y tiene 5-9 venas, mientras que el superior tiene 5 venas con un arista que mide 2–5 milímetros. El ápice de la especie tiene una resistencia de 1 a 2 milímetros de largo. Las flores y los frutos crecen de julio a noviembre.

Esta especie crece particularmente bien en ambientes húmedos y sombreados, en una variedad de tipos de suelo. En Australia crece en los bosques costeros de sombra en el puerto de Coffs.[4]

Ecología

En su forma nativa, Oplismenus undulatifolius es una fuente de alimento para muchas especies de Lepidópteros, incluyendo Elachista kurokoi,[7]Helcystogramma fuscomarginatum,[8]Mycalesis francisca,[9]Mycalesis sangaica,[9]Mycalesis zonata,[10]Palaeonympha opalina,[11]Stigmella oplismeniella,[12]Ypthima akragas,'[10][13]Ypthima baldus,[10][13]​ y Ypthima esakii.[10][13]

Como especie invasora

Introducida accidentalmente en los Estados Unidos en Maryland y Virginia, esta especie se propaga rápidamente y se está volviendo extremadamente invasiva en áreas naturales boscosas en la región del Atlántico Medio en numerosos condados de Maryland y Virginia.

La especie se reportó por primera vez en Maryland en 1996, creciendo alrededor del área de Liberty Reservoir y la sección norte del río Patapsco en el condado de Howard. La hierba se extendió rápidamente en áreas naturales conectadas en los condados de Baltimore y Carroll. En 1999 se identificó en el Condado de Montgomery en el Parque Regional de Wheaton. En 2006, se identificó en el condado de Prince George en Little Paint Branch Park, el adyacente Beltsville Agricultural Research Center-East y el National Greenbelt Park. Había cruzado a Virginia en 2004, donde se encontró que crecía en un sitio de 80 acres (320,000 m²) en el parque nacional Shenandoah, y en un sitio de 20–30 acres (81,000–121,000 m²) en la Reserva Fraser a lo largo del río Potomac en el condado de Fairfax.

Una vez que una población se ha establecido, la erradicación completa de un sitio ha demostrado ser extremadamente difícil debido a un ciclo de vida perenne de larga duración, una larga temporada de germinación de semillas (abril-noviembre) y una considerable movilidad de semillas de la especie.[14]

Galería

Referencias

  1. a b Cope, Thomas A. «Oplismenus undulatifolius (Arduino) Beauv.». eFloras (en iglés). Consultado el Febrero de 2016.
  2. «Oplismenus undulatifolius». Tropicos (en inglés).
  3. Chen, Shou-liang; Phillips, Sylvia M. «Oplismenus undulatifolius (Arduino) Beauv.». eFloras (en iglés). Consultado el Noviembre de 2015.
  4. a b «Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P.Beauv.». PlantNET. Consultado el 16 de mayo de 2013.
  5. «Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 2: 482 (1817)». WCSP (en inglés). Consultado el 20 de noviembre de 2015.
  6. W.D. Clayton; M. Vorontsova; K.T. Harman; H. Williamson. «Oplismenus undulatifolius». The Board of Trustees, Royal Botanic Gardens. Kew: GrassBase. Consultado el 16 de mayo de 2013.
  7. Sugisima, K., 2005: A revision of the Elachista praelineata group (Lepidoptera: Elachistidae) in Japan, with comments on morphology of the pupa in Elachista. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 148: 1-19. Full article: [1].
  8. «Helcystogramma». www.nic.funet.fi. Consultado el 10 de febrero de 2016.
  9. a b «Mycalesis». www.nic.funet.fi. Consultado el 10 de febrero de 2016.
  10. a b c d «HOSTS - The Hostplants and Caterpillars Database at the Natural History Museum». www.nhm.ac.uk. Consultado el 10 de febrero de 2016.
  11. «Palaeonympha». www.nic.funet.fi. Consultado el 10 de febrero de 2016.
  12. Kemperman, Theo C.M.; Wilkinson, Christopher (octubre de 1985). Japanese Species Of The Genus Stigmella (nepticulidae: Lepidoptera). NEW SERIES 32 1. p. 107. Consultado el 10 de febrero de 2016.
  13. a b c «Ypthima». www.nic.funet.fi. Consultado el 10 de febrero de 2016.
  14. Beauchamp, Vanessa B.; Koontz, Stephanie M.; Suss, Christine; Hawkins, Chad; Kyde, Kerrie L.; Schnase, John L. (2013). «An introduction toOplismenus undulatifolius(Ard.) Roem. & Schult. (wavyleaf basketgrass), a recent invader in Mid-Atlantic forest understories1,2». The Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 140 (4): 391-413. ISSN 1095-5674. doi:10.3159/TORREY-D-13-00033.1.

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Oplismenus undulatifolius: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Oplismenus undulatifolius es una especie de hierba perenne de la familia Poaceae que es nativa de Asia del Sur, Asia Oriental, Sudeste de Asia, Australia y África Meridional. Se puede encontrar en países como Pakistán (Punjab y Cachemira),​ China,​ Japón, Corea, India, Australia,​ Sudáfrica,​ y desde entonces se ha introducido en el Atlántico medio. Estados Unidos. No hay subespecies reconocidas en el Catálogo de la Vida.​

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Oplismenus undulatifolius ( Vietnamese )

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Oplismenus undulatifolius là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được (Ard.) P. Beauv. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1812.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Oplismenus undulatifolius. Tropicos. Truy cập ngày 26 tháng 1 năm 2016.
  2. ^ The Plant List (2010). Oplismenus undulatifolius. Truy cập ngày 6 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


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Oplismenus undulatifolius: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Oplismenus undulatifolius là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hòa thảo. Loài này được (Ard.) P. Beauv. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1812.

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求米草 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Oplismentls undulatifolius

求米草(学名:Oplismentls undulatifolius)是一种禾本科植物。这种植物分布于中国南北各地。在旧大陆的热带及温带广泛分布。[1]

参考资料

  1. ^ 北京农业数字信息资源中心. 饲用植物数据库. [2012-08-21].[永久失效連結]
小作品圖示这是一篇與植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
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求米草: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

求米草(学名:Oplismentls undulatifolius)是一种禾本科植物。这种植物分布于中国南北各地。在旧大陆的热带及温带广泛分布。

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チヂミザサ ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
チヂミザサ Oplismenus undulatifolius
Oplismenus undulatifolius(2008年10月11日)
分類APG III : 植物界 Plantae : 被子植物門 Magnoliophyta : 単子葉植物綱 Liliopsida : イネ目 Poales : イネ科 Poaceae 亜科 : キビ亜科 Panicoideae : キビ連 Paniceae : チヂミザサ属 Oplismenus : チヂミザサ O. undulatifolius 学名 Oplismenus undulatifolius
(Ard.) Roem. et Schult. シノニム

Oplismenus hirtellus
Oplismenus hirtellus subsp. undulatifolius

和名 チヂミザサ(縮み笹)、ケチヂミザサ 変種
  • ホソバチヂミザサ O. u. var. imbecillis
  • コチヂミザサ O. u. var. japonicus
  • チャボチヂミザサ O. u. var. microphyllus

チヂミザサ(縮み笹、学名: Oplismenus undulatifolius[1])は、イネ科チヂミザサ属一年草である。

和名は、の形がササに似ていて、やや縮んだようなしわがあることから。

特徴[編集]

は枝分かれしながら地表を這い、多数の葉をつける。

葉は長さ3-7cmの卵状楕円形で、先端へ向かってやや細まり、先はとがる。葉の基部は葉鞘となって茎を抱く。

は茎の節ごとに出て、茎を地面に固定する。

に咲く。このころになると、茎の一部は立ち上がり、先端からが出る。穂は高さが30cm程に達する。花茎の上半分位に、まばらに短い枝が出て、それぞれの枝に少数ずつの小穂がつく。小穂は枝の下向き側だけに着く。小穂からは3本の長いが生えており、その表面が粘つく。また、開花時の雌しべ柱頭の羽毛状の毛が目立ち、紫色のも比較的目を引きやすく、イネ科の花としては見栄えがする方である。

果実が熟すると、小穂の基部で外れやすくなり、その毛で他物に張り付く。動物などにくっついて分散を行うものと考えられる。よくズボンなどにも粘り着いてくる、いわゆるひっつき虫のひとつである。小穂は緑色であるが、毛は紫色を帯び、それに粘液がついてキラキラしている様子はきれいと言えなくもないが、その後のズボンの様子を想像すると気が滅入る風景でもある。

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    果実

小穂の構造[編集]

小穂は外見上は卵状長楕円形。断面はに近く、はそれを巻くように着いている。小花は2つであるが、第一小花は退化して、第二小花のみ完全。第一穎第二穎は小穂の半分くらいの長さで先端に長いが出る。第三穎は小穂と同じくらい長さがあり、やはり先端に芒がある。第四穎は第三穎とほぼ同質。

分布[編集]

旧世界温帯から熱帯にかけて広く分布がある。日本では全土に生育する。

森林内に生えることが多い。特に林縁部には繁茂することがある。

類似種[編集]

よく似たものに、チゴザサササガヤコブナグサなどがある。いずれもササの葉に似た葉をつけ、茎は地表をはい回る。それぞれに別のであり、穂が出れば区別に困ることはない。しかし、葉だけでは、それなりの特徴はあるものの、具体的に区別点を指摘するのは難しい。また、それぞれに近縁種もあるから、穂が出ないうちは判断は難しい。特に、若いのがいじけていると、何やら分からない場合も大いにある。

チヂミザサ属[編集]

 src= ウィキスピーシーズにチヂミザサ属に関する情報があります。  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、チヂミザサ属に関連するカテゴリがあります。

チヂミザサ属(チヂミザサぞく、学名: Oplismenus)は、世界の暖帯域に十数がある。

チヂミザサ Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) Roem. et Schult.
日本では広く分布する。ただし変異も多い。花軸や葉に多くの毛があるものをケチヂミザサ var. undulatifolius という。しかし、この2つを変種レベルでさえ分けないことが多い。和名としてはむしろケチヂミザサの方を取る場合もある。
変種としては、コチヂミザサ var. japonica (Steud.) Koidz. や、チャボチヂミザサ var. microphyllus (Honda) Ohwi などが記載されているが、典型的なものでははっきり区別できるものの、中間型があるため、現在では認められないことが多い。
エダウチチヂミザサ Oplismenus compositus (L.) Beauv.
チヂミザサによく似た植物であるが、全体にやや大型の傾向がある。また、穂の枝がより長く、小穂がよりまばらに数多く着いている。日本の本州南部~九州南部では数少ないが、琉球列島ではごく普通種になる。国外では台湾から南アジア全体にわたる。
ダイトンチヂミザサ Oplismenus aemulus (R.Br.) Roem. et Schult.

脚注[編集]

[ヘルプ]
  1. ^ 米倉浩司; 梶田忠 (2003-). “「BG Plants 和名−学名インデックス」(YList)”. オリジナルよりアーカイブ。参考文献[編集]
    • 佐竹義輔ほか編 『日本の野生植物 草本 1 単子葉類』 平凡社ISBN 4-582-53501-1。
    • 北村四郎ほか 『原色日本植物図鑑 草本編 3 単子葉類』 保育社〈保育社の原色図鑑〉、ISBN 4-586-30017-5。
    • 平野隆久写真 『野に咲く花』 林弥栄監修、山と溪谷社〈山溪ハンディ図鑑〉、ISBN 4-635-07001-8。
    • 長田武正 『日本イネ科植物図譜』 平凡社ISBN 4-582-50613-5。
    • 伊藤ふくお写真、丸山健一郎文 『ひっつきむしの図鑑』 北川尚史監修、トンボ出版ISBN 4-88716-147-6。
    • 木場英久・茨木靖・勝山輝男 『イネ科ハンドブック』 文一総合出版ISBN 978-4-8299-1078-8。

    関連項目[編集]

     src= ウィキスピーシーズにチヂミザサに関する情報があります。  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、チヂミザサに関連するカテゴリがあります。

    外部リンク[編集]

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チヂミザサ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

チヂミザサ(縮み笹、学名: Oplismenus undulatifolius)は、イネ科チヂミザサ属一年草である。

和名は、の形がササに似ていて、やや縮んだようなしわがあることから。

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語