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Alexgeorgea ( German )

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Alexgeorgea ist eine Pflanzengattung aus der Familie der Restionaceae, die mit drei Arten im Westen Australiens vorkommt. Sie wurde 1976 von Sherwin Carlquist beschrieben und nach dem australischen Botaniker Alexander Segger George benannt.[1]

Merkmale

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Oberirdischer Teil einer männlichen (links) und weiblichen (Mitte) Pflanze, sowie die über die Erdoberfläche ragenden Griffel einer weiblichen Blüte

Die Pflanzen wachsen mit langgestreckten, weißlichen Rhizomen, die etwa 10 Zentimeter unter der Erdoberfläche liegen und glänzende Blattschuppen tragen. Das Rhizom verzweigt sich gelegentlich, vor allem an den Stellen, wo die über die Erdoberfläche ragenden photosynthetisch aktiven grünen Sprosse entspringen. Diese haben eng anliegende Blattscheiden, sind längsgestreift und können flaumig behaart sein. Sie haben entweder kurze, abgeflachte Seitensprosse oder sind zylindrisch und mehrfach verzweigt. Alexgeorgea sind zweihäusig getrenntgeschlechtig (diözisch). Die männlichen Pflanzen tragen mehrblütige Ährchen endständig am Spross. Eine Besonderheit der Gattung sind die Ährchen der weiblichen Pflanzen, die mit einer einzigen Blüte direkt am Rhizom sitzen, so dass nur die Spitzen der glänzenden Tragblätter und die drei langen, purpurroten Griffel über die Erdoberfläche ragen. Der einkammrige Fruchtknoten bildet nach der Befruchtung eine 10 bis 15 Millimeter große, kugelförmige oder verkehrt-kegelförmige Nussfrucht.[1][2]

Ökologie

Alexgeorgea-Arten wachsen in sandigem Boden in mittelfeuchten oder saisonal trockenen Gebieten, häufig auf Ruderalflächen. Die Vermehrung erfolgt wahrscheinlich vorwiegend vegetativ über das Wachstum der Rhizome. Die Bestäubung der Blüten geschieht über den Wind. Bei der Keimung drückt der Keimling die Frucht nach oben, ohne dass diese über die Erdoberfläche gelangt und bildet einen nach oben ragenden Spross und kurz danach das erste Rhizom aus. Die Lage der weiblichen Blüten unter der Erdoberfläche sowie die unterirdische Keimung könnten Anpassungen an die häufigen Brände in Westaustralien sein.[1]

Systematik

Innerhalb der Restionaceae wird die Gattung Alexgeorgea der Unterfamilie Leptocarpoideae und hierin der Loxocarya-Gruppe zugeordnet.[3] Innerhalb der Gattung sind drei Arten beschrieben, die alle nur in Western Australia vorkommen:[4]

Literatur

  1. a b c Sherwin Carlquist: Alexgeorgea a Bizarre New Genus. In: Australian Journal of Botany. Band 24, Nr. 2, 1976, S. 281–295 (englisch, Volltext [PDF]).
  2. Klaus Kubitzki, Herbert Huber: Flowering plants, Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1998, ISBN 3-540-64061-4, S. 440.
  3. Barbara G. Briggs, H. Peter Lindner: A new subfamilial and tribal classification of Restionaceae (Poales). In: Telopea. Band 12, Nr. 3, 2009, S. 333–345 (englisch, Volltext [PDF; 240 kB]).
  4. Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Alexgeorgea. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 13. August 2018.

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Alexgeorgea: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Alexgeorgea ist eine Pflanzengattung aus der Familie der Restionaceae, die mit drei Arten im Westen Australiens vorkommt. Sie wurde 1976 von Sherwin Carlquist beschrieben und nach dem australischen Botaniker Alexander Segger George benannt.

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Alexgeorgea

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Alexgeorgea is a genus of three plant species found in Western Australia belonging to the family Restionaceae named in honour of the botanist Alex George in 1976.[1] The flowers of the female and large nut-like fruit are completely underground except for the stigmas, which extend out of the ground as 3 purple or red threads.[2]

Botanical history

The genus Alexgeorgea was first discovered by Sherwin Carlquist on 2 September 1974 when he found a population of A. subterranea on the Cockleshell Gully road north of Jurien Bay in Western Australia. At first, Carlquist, an American botanist and professor at Claremont Graduate University doing field work in Western Australia, could only locate male plants of what he immediately identified as a restionaceous species. In order to identify species in the Restionaceae, it is important to gather material of both male and female flowers, so Carlquist continued to search and only then noticed "purple thread-like structures emerging from the sand," which were the ephemeral styles of the mostly subterranean female flowers. In his original description of the new genus in a 1976 volume of the Australian Journal of Botany, Carlquist notes his discovery may have not occurred if he had not seen the female flowers at anthesis due to the short-lived nature of the thread-like styles.[1]

Carlquist originally described two species in the genus, A. subterranea and A. arenicola (the species epithet arenicola means "a dweller on sand"[3]).[1] Ten year later in April 1986, Australian botanists Lawrence Alexander Sidney Johnson and Barbara G. Briggs, both of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, published a short article in the journal Telopea that recognized a species previously known as Restio nitens as a species better fitting the description of Alexgeorgea.[4] Restio nitens was originally described by Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck in 1848 as having above ground dehiscent fruits, unlike the below ground flowers and fruit of Alexgeorgea, though Carlquist had noted that R. nitens and his newly described A. arenicola were otherwise identical. Johnson examined the herbarium specimens labeled as R. nitens and discovered that the alleged above ground fruits were actually malformations possibly resulting from smut fungus. Both Johnson & Briggs and Carlquist independently published the new combination, moving the species R. nitens to the genus Alexgeorgea as A. nitens. In Carlquist's proposal, he identified A. arenicola a synonym of the older name A. nitens, which had priority.[4][5] Johnson and Briggs published their description of A. nitens in the journal Telopea on April 24, preceding Carlquist's publication in the journal Aliso by only 5 days, thus making Carlquist's combination (A. nitens (Nees) Carlquist) an isonym of Johnson and Briggs's combination (A. nitens (Nees) L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs).[6] The third species, A. ganopoda, was described by Johnson and Briggs in 1990.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c Carlquist, Sherwin. 1976. Alexgeorgea, a bizarre new genus of Restionaceae from Western Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 24(2): 281-295. doi:10.1071/BT9760281
  2. ^ a b Briggs, Barbara G., L.A.S. Johnson, and Siegfried L. Krauss. 1990. The species of Alexgeorgea, a Western Australian genus of the Restionaceae. Australian Systematic Botany 3(4): 751-758. doi:10.1071/SB9900751
  3. ^ Stearn, William T. 2004. Botanical Latin. 4th edition. Portland, Oregon: Timber Press, Inc. p. 209. ISBN 978-0-7153-1643-6
  4. ^ a b Johnson, L.A.S., and Barbara G. Briggs. 1986. Alexgeorgea nitens, a new combination in Restionaceae. Telopea, 2(6): 781-782.doi:10.7751/telopea19864615
  5. ^ Carlquist, Sherwin. 1986. Nomenclatural note. Aliso, 11(2): 158.
  6. ^ "Alexgeorgea nitens". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens. Retrieved 15 March 2011.

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Alexgeorgea: Brief Summary

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Alexgeorgea is a genus of three plant species found in Western Australia belonging to the family Restionaceae named in honour of the botanist Alex George in 1976. The flowers of the female and large nut-like fruit are completely underground except for the stigmas, which extend out of the ground as 3 purple or red threads.

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Alexgeorgea ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Alexgeorgea es un género con tres especies de plantas herbáceas perteneciente a la familia Restionaceae. Es originario de Australia.[1]

Especies de Alexgeorgea

Referencias

  1. «Alexgeorgea». Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 10 de junio de 2010.

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Alexgeorgea: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Alexgeorgea es un género con tres especies de plantas herbáceas perteneciente a la familia Restionaceae. Es originario de Australia.​

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Alexgeorgea ( Croatian )

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Alexgeorgea, biljni rod jednosupnica iz porodice Restionaceae. Postoje tri priznate vrsta iz Zapadne Australije. [1]

Vrste

  1. Alexgeorgea ganopoda L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
  2. Alexgeorgea nitens (Nees) L.A.S.Johnson & B.G.Briggs
  3. Alexgeorgea subterranea Carlquist

Izvori

  1. Plants of the World online pristupljeno 19. srpnja 2019
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Alexgeorgea: Brief Summary ( Croatian )

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Alexgeorgea, biljni rod jednosupnica iz porodice Restionaceae. Postoje tri priznate vrsta iz Zapadne Australije.

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Alexgeorgea ( Italian )

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Alexgeorgea Carlquist è un genere di piante della famiglia delle Restionacee, endemico dell'Australia.[1]

Il nome del genere è un omaggio al botanico australiano Alex George.

Tassonomia

Comprende le seguenti specie:[1]

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Alexgeorgea, in Plants of the World Online, Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL consultato il 9/2/2020.

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Alexgeorgea: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Alexgeorgea Carlquist è un genere di piante della famiglia delle Restionacee, endemico dell'Australia.

Il nome del genere è un omaggio al botanico australiano Alex George.

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Alexgeorgea ( Portuguese )

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Alexgeorgea é um género botânico pertencente à família Restionaceae[1].

Espécies

Apresenta quatro espécies:

  • Alexgeorgea arenicola
  • Alexgeorgea ganopoda
  • Alexgeorgea nitens
  • Alexgeorgea subterranea

Referências

  1. «Alexgeorgea — World Flora Online». www.worldfloraonline.org. Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2020

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Alexgeorgea: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Alexgeorgea é um género botânico pertencente à família Restionaceae.

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Alexgeorgea ( Vietnamese )

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Alexgeorgea là một chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Restionaceae.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Alexgeorgea. Truy cập ngày 20 tháng 8 năm 2013.

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Alexgeorgea: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Alexgeorgea là một chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Restionaceae.

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