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Description

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Adult Dermophis oaxacae are medium-sized (total lengths to 454 mm), somewhat robust caecilians with relatively large heads, subterminal mouths, and eyes that lie beneath a layer of skin. Unlikeother members of the genus, they lack splenial teeth. Primary and secondary annular counts are high and nearly equal, suggesting that the species may be basal in the genus (more derived caecilians are characterized by reduction to loss of secondary annuli; several species of Dermophis have reduced numbers of secondaries). Coloration in life is blue-black; ethanol-preserved specimens are brown-violet, with the dorsum darker than the venter (see the type description). Taylor (1968) described the color of a preserved specimen, noting that it was "generally brownish, growing somewhat violet-brown posteriorly...Ventrally the color is very light, somewhat olivebrown...the primaries and secondaries are darker on the anterior part of the annulus, lighter posteriorly...the vent area is whitish and there are vague lighter areas at tentacles and nostrils." The species resembles D. mexicanus, with which it is sympatric, but is distinguished from it by having higher numbers of primary annuli (119-135 vs. 99-112) and secondary annuli (107-133 vs. 51-79); the number of secondary annuli is 80-98% that of primary annuli in D. oaxacae, in contrast to 44-71% in D. mexicanus. The tentacle is somewhat closer to the eye than to the nostril compared with D. mexicanus (but these measurements apparently vary with age). The species is somewhat smaller than D. mexicanus, reaching a maximum reported total length of 454 mm, in contrast to the 600 mm of D. mexicanus.The species is named for the Mexican state, Oaxaca, in which the type specimen was collected.

References

  • Alvarez, T. and Martin, E. (1967). ''Zitacuaro, Michoacan, una localidad mas nortena para Dermophis multiplicatus oaxacae (Amphibia: Caeciliidae).'' Acta Zoologica Mexicana, 9(2), 1-4.
  • Casas-Andreu, G., Mendez-de la Cruz, F.R., and Camarillo, J.L. (1996). ''Anfibios y reptiles de Oaxaca. Lista, distribucion y conservacion.'' Acta Zoologica Mexicana, 69, 1-35.
  • Erwin, D.B. (1973). ''Dermophis oaxacae (Oaxacan Caecilian).'' HISS NewsJournal, 1, 98.
  • Lafrentz, K. (1928). ''Reisebrefe aus Mexiko.'' Blätter für Aquarien und Terrarienkunde, 39, 115-116.
  • Mertens, H. (1930). ''Bemerkungen über die von Herrn Dr. K. Lafrentz in Mexiko gesammelten Amphibien und Reptilien.'' Abhandlungen und Berichte des Museums für Naturkunde, Heimatk. Vorg. Magdeburg, 6, 153-155.
  • Smith, H.M. and Taylor, E.H. (1948). ''An annotated checklist and key to the Amphibia of Mexico.'' United States National Museum Bulletin, 194, iv + 118.
  • Taylor, E.H. (1938). "Concerning Mexican salamanders." University of Kansas Scientific Bulletin, 25, 259-312.
  • Wake, M. H. (1998). ''Dermophis oaxacae (Mertens).'' Catalogue of American Amphibians and Reptiles. Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles, 661.1-661.2.
  • Wake, M.H. (1983). ''Gymnopis multiplicata, Dermophis mexicanus, and Dermophis parviceps(soldas, suelda con suelda, dos cabezas, caecilians).'' Costa Rican Natural History, D. H. Janzen, eds., University of Chicago Press, Chicago, Illinois, 400-401.

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Distribution and Habitat

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D. oaxacae is endemic to México, occurring in Jalisco, Michoacán, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas (Alvarez and Martin, (1967); Casas-Andreu et al., (1996); Dunn, (1942); Erwin, (1973); Lafrentz, (1928); Mertens, (1930); Savage and Wake, (1972); Smith and Taylor, (1948); Taylor, (1938); Taylor and Smith, (1945)). Habitats range from sea level to 2100 m, the latter in Michoacán. Animals have been found primarily associated with cultivated (agricultural) areas once dominated by tropical deciduous forest, tropical scrub, and tropical evergreen forest, but also in those habitats and in pine-oak forest. In Oaxaca, the species occurs in the lowlands of the Sierra Madre del Sur and the Planicie Costera del Pacifico (Casas-Andreu et al. 1996), so vegetation is of low stature and is xerophyllic. Lafrentz (1928) reported that the type specimen was collected from the "dungheap of the mule stable", and that the common name is "metlapil."
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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The species is known form only approximately 30 specimens, and apparentlyhas not been collected anywhere in Mexico since 1972(Wake 1998). An effort must bemade to locate any remaining populations and to establish a monitoringand conservation program (Wake 1998).
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Life History, Abundance, Activity, and Special Behaviors

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Little is known about the natural history of Dermophis oaxacae. Its dietary habits and other aspects of its ecology and life history are inferred tobe similar to those of the closely related D. mexicanus (see Wake (1980)and Wake (1983)). D. mexicanus is a terrestrial burrower, is live bearing and has a long gestation period of about a year (Wake 1980).
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Dermophis oaxacae ( Catalan; Valencian )

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La cecília d'Oaxaca (Dermophis oaxacae) és una espècie d'amfibis gimnofions de la família Caeciliidae. És endèmica de Mèxic. Els seus hàbitats naturals inclouen boscos secs tropicals o subtropicals, montanos secs, plantacions, jardins rurals i zones prèviament boscoses ara molt degradades.

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Dermophis oaxacae: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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La cecília d'Oaxaca (Dermophis oaxacae) és una espècie d'amfibis gimnofions de la família Caeciliidae. És endèmica de Mèxic. Els seus hàbitats naturals inclouen boscos secs tropicals o subtropicals, montanos secs, plantacions, jardins rurals i zones prèviament boscoses ara molt degradades.

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Dermophis oaxacae

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Dermophis oaxacae, also known Oaxacan caecilian, is a species of caecilian in the family Dermophiidae. It is endemic to southwestern Mexico and occurs on the Pacific slopes and the Balsas depression in the states of Jalisco, Michoacán, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas.[2][3]

Description

Dermophis oaxacae is a relatively large caecilian with a reported maximum total length of 454 mm (17.9 in). It has 119–139 primary and 101–133 secondary annuli; these high counts distinguish it from all other Dermophis.[3][4] The body is somewhat robust and the head is relatively large. The mouth is subterminal. The eyes are visible through a layer of skin. Living animals have blue-black coloration.[3] The annular grooves are ventrally marked with dark pigment, in sharp contrast to the otherwise pale venter.[3][4]

Habitat and conservation

Dermophis oaxacae occurs in semi-deciduous tropical forests[1] at elevations up to 2,100 m (6,900 ft) above sea level.[3] It is a subterranean species. It is probably viviparous.[1][3]

Dermophis oaxacae is a poorly known species with few recent observations.[1][5] It is unknown to which degree deforestation is a threat to it.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). "Dermophis oaxacae". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T59546A53988584. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T59546A53988584.en. Retrieved 15 November 2021.
  2. ^ Frost, Darrel R. (2018). "Dermophis oaxacae (Mertens, 1930)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Dermophis oaxacae". AmphibiaWeb. University of California, Berkeley. 2000. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
  4. ^ a b Savage, J. M. & Wake, M. H. (2001). "Reevaluation of the status of taxa of Central American caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona), with comments on their origin and evolution". Copeia. 2001: 52–64. doi:10.1643/0045-8511(2001)001[0052:ROTSOT]2.0.CO;2.
  5. ^ Reyes-Velasco, J.; Burkhardt, T. & Jones, J. M. (2008). "Geographic distribution: Dermophis oaxacae" (PDF). Herpetological Review. 39 (4): 480.
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Dermophis oaxacae: Brief Summary

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Dermophis oaxacae, also known Oaxacan caecilian, is a species of caecilian in the family Dermophiidae. It is endemic to southwestern Mexico and occurs on the Pacific slopes and the Balsas depression in the states of Jalisco, Michoacán, Guerrero, Oaxaca, and Chiapas.

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Dermophis oaxacae ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La cecilia oaxaqueña (Dermophis oaxacae) es una especie de anfibio gimnofión de la familia Caeciliidae. Mide hasta 45 cm de longitud, de color azul oscuro segmentada por anillos. Es una especie subterránea y poco conocida. Es endémica de la zona costera pacífica meridional de México: desde Jalisco y Michoacán hasta Chiapas.[1]​ Sus hábitats naturales incluyen bosques secos tropicales o subtropicales, montanos secos, plantaciones, jardines rurales y zonas previamente boscosas ahora muy degradadas. Se considera Sujeta a Protección Especial por la Norma Oficial Mexicana 059 de SEMARNAT.

Referencias

  1. Frost, Darrel R. 2013. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.6 (9 January 2013). Electronic Database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/?action=references&id=33116. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA.

Bibliografía

  • Mertens, 1930], 1929: "Beiträge zur Herpetologie Mexikos ("Contribuciones a la herpetología de México"). IV. "Bemerkungen über die von Herrn. Dr. K. Lafrentz in Mexiko gesammelten Amphibien und Reptilien" (IV. "Observaciones acerca de los anfibios y los reptiles recogidos en México por el Dr. K. Lafrentz"). Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Museum für Natur- und Heimatkunde zu Magdeburg (Tratados e informes del Museo de Historia natural y local de Magdeburgo). Vol. 6, pp. 153-155.
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Dermophis oaxacae: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La cecilia oaxaqueña (Dermophis oaxacae) es una especie de anfibio gimnofión de la familia Caeciliidae. Mide hasta 45 cm de longitud, de color azul oscuro segmentada por anillos. Es una especie subterránea y poco conocida. Es endémica de la zona costera pacífica meridional de México: desde Jalisco y Michoacán hasta Chiapas.​ Sus hábitats naturales incluyen bosques secos tropicales o subtropicales, montanos secos, plantaciones, jardines rurales y zonas previamente boscosas ahora muy degradadas. Se considera Sujeta a Protección Especial por la Norma Oficial Mexicana 059 de SEMARNAT.

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Dermophis oaxacae ( Basque )

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Dermophis oaxacae Dermophis generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Dermophiidae familian sailkatuta dago, Gymnophiona ordenan.

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Dermophis oaxacae: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Dermophis oaxacae Dermophis generoko animalia da. Anfibioen barruko Dermophiidae familian sailkatuta dago, Gymnophiona ordenan.

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Dermophis oaxacae ( French )

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Dermophis oaxacae est une espèce de gymnophiones de la famille des Dermophiidae[1].

Répartition

Cette espèce est endémique du Mexique. Elle se rencontre au Jalisco, au Michoacán, au Guerrero, en Oaxaca et au Chiapas[1].

Étymologie

Son nom d'espèce lui a été donné en référence au lieu de sa découverte.

Publication originale

  • Mertens, 1930 "1929" : Beiträge zur Herpetologie Mexikos. IV. Bemerkungen über die von Herrn. Dr. L. Lafrentz in Mexiko gesammelten Amphibien und Reptilien. Abhandlungen und Berichte aus dem Museum für Natur- und Heimatkunde zu Magdeburg, vol. 6, p. 153-155.

Notes et références

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Dermophis oaxacae: Brief Summary ( French )

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Dermophis oaxacae est une espèce de gymnophiones de la famille des Dermophiidae.

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Dermophis oaxacae ( Latin )

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Dermophis oaxacae est species amphibiorum familiae Dermophiidarum, quae in Mexico endemica est. Eius habitationes naturales sunt siccae silvae subtropicae et tropicae, humidae silvae montanae subtropicae et tropicae, plantationes, horti rustici, et priores silvae magnopere corruptae.

Bibliographia

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Dermophis oaxacae: Brief Summary ( Latin )

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Dermophis oaxacae est species amphibiorum familiae Dermophiidarum, quae in Mexico endemica est. Eius habitationes naturales sunt siccae silvae subtropicae et tropicae, humidae silvae montanae subtropicae et tropicae, plantationes, horti rustici, et priores silvae magnopere corruptae.

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Dermophis oaxacae ( Portuguese )

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Dermophis oaxacae (Cecilia Oaxaqueña, em espanhol) é uma espécie de anfíbio gimnofiono da família Caeciliidae. É endémica do México. Esta espécie subterrânea é provavelmente vivípara tal como outras espécies do género Dermophis.[1] O seu habitat inclui floresta tropical semi-decídua.

Referências

  1. a b IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2020). «Dermophis oaxacae». Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas. 2020: e.T59546A53988584. doi:. Consultado em 15 de novembro de 2021
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Dermophis oaxacae: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Dermophis oaxacae (Cecilia Oaxaqueña, em espanhol) é uma espécie de anfíbio gimnofiono da família Caeciliidae. É endémica do México. Esta espécie subterrânea é provavelmente vivípara tal como outras espécies do género Dermophis. O seu habitat inclui floresta tropical semi-decídua.

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Dermophis oaxacae ( Vietnamese )

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Dermophis oaxacae là một loài lưỡng cư thuộc họ Caeciliidae. Đây là loài đặc hữu của México. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng khô nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, các đồn điền, vườn nông thôn, và rừng trước đây suy thoái nghiêm trọng.

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Dermophis oaxacae: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Dermophis oaxacae là một loài lưỡng cư thuộc họ Caeciliidae. Đây là loài đặc hữu của México. Môi trường sống tự nhiên của chúng là rừng khô nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, vùng núi ẩm nhiệt đới hoặc cận nhiệt đới, các đồn điền, vườn nông thôn, và rừng trước đây suy thoái nghiêm trọng.

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