Associations
provided by BioImages, the virtual fieldguide, UK
Foodplant / parasite
aecium of Coleosporium asterum parasitises live Pinus thunbergii
Description
provided by eFloras
Trees to 30 m tall; trunk to 2 m d.b.h. in native range; bark dull gray when young, aging gray-black, rough and thick, scaly and decidous; crown broadly conical or umbrellalike; 1st-year branchlets pale brown-yellow, glabrous; winter buds silvery white, cylindric-ellipsoid or cylindric, scales fringed at margin. Needles 2 per bundle, dull green, shiny, 6-12 cm × 0.5-2 mm, rigid, stomatal lines present on all surfaces, resin canals 6-11, median, base with persistent sheath, margin serrulate. Seed cones solitary or 2 or 3 together, shortly pedunculate, brown, conical-ovoid or ovoid, 4-6 × 3-4 cm, deciduous. Seed scales ovate-elliptic; apophyses slightly swollen, obviously cross keeled; umbo slightly concave, apex blunt. Seeds obovoid-ellipsoid, 5-7 × 2-3.5 mm; wing gray-brown, 1-1.1 cm. Pollination Apr-May, seed maturity Oct of 2nd year.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Distribution
provided by eFloras
Beijing Shi, Hubei (Wuhan Shi, Yingshan Xian), Jiangsu (Nanjing Shi), Jiangxi, Liaoning, Shandong, Yunnan (Kunming Shi), Zhejiang [native to Japan, Korea]
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Habitat
provided by eFloras
Cultivated in cities, used for afforestation on mountain slopes; to 1400 m.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Synonym
provided by eFloras
Pinus thunbergiana Franco.
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- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
Comprehensive Description
provided by Smithsonian Contributions to Botany
Pinus thunbergii Parlatore
Pinus thunbergii Parlatore in de Candolle, Prodr. 16 (2):388, 1868.—Fosberg and Sachet, Atoll Res. Bull. 92:4, 1962.
Tree, with brown twigs, with ridges or carinae decurrent from bases of leaf fascicles; needles in fascicles of 2, stiff, mostly about 1 mm wide, 6–11 cm long; cones ovoid, umbo with a short mucro.
Native of Japan, once reported as planted in Jaluit, Marshall Islands, but not seen there recently.
MARSHALL ISLANDS.—Jaluit: Fosberg and Sachet, 1962:4 (citing Okabe, 1941).
- bibliographic citation
- Fosberg, F. Raymond and Sachet, Marie-Hélène. 1975. "Flora of Micronesia, 1: Gymnospermae." Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.20
Physical Description
provided by USDA PLANTS text
Tree, Evergreen, Monoecious, Habit erect, Trees without or rarely having knees, Tree with bark rough or scaly, Young shoots 3-dimensional, Buds resinous, Leaves needle-like, Leaves alternate, Needle-like leaf margins finely serrulate (use magnification or slide your finger along the leaf), Leaf apex acute, Leaves > 5 cm long, Leaves < 10 cm long, Leaves not blue-green, Needle-like leaves triangular, Needle-like leaves twisted, Needle-like leaf habit erect, Needle-like leaves per fascicle mostly 2, Needle-like leaf sheath persistent, Twigs glabrous, Twigs viscid, Twigs not viscid, Twigs without peg-like projections or large fascicles after needles fall, Berry-like cones orange, Woody seed cones < 5 cm long, Woody seed cones > 5 cm long, Seed cones bearing a scarlike umbo, Umbo with missing or very weak prickle, Umbo with obvious prickle, Bracts of seed cone included, Seeds brown, Seeds black, Seeds winged, Seeds unequally winged, Seed wings prominent, Seed wings equal to or broader than body.
- compiler
- Stephen C. Meyers
- compiler
- Aaron Liston
- compiler
- Steffi Ickert-Bond
- compiler
- Damon Little
Pinus thunbergii
provided by wikipedia EN
Pinus thunbergii (syn: Pinus thunbergiana), also called black pine,[2] Japanese black pine,[3] and Japanese pine,[4] is a pine tree native to coastal areas of Japan (Kyūshū, Shikoku and Honshū) and South Korea.[5]
It is called gomsol (곰솔) in Korean, hēisōng (黑松) in Chinese, and kuromatsu (黒松) in Japanese.
Description
Black pines can reach the height of 40 metres (130 feet), but rarely achieves this size outside its natural range. The needles are in fascicles of two with a white sheath at the base, 7–12 centimetres (2+3⁄4–4+3⁄4 inches) long; female cones are 4–7 cm (1+1⁄2–2+3⁄4 in) in length, scaled, with small points on the tips of the scales, taking two years to mature. Male cones are 1–2 cm (1⁄2–3⁄4 in) long borne in clumps of 12–20 on the tips of the spring growth. The bark is gray on young trees and small branches, changing to black and plated on larger branches and the trunk; becoming quite thick on older trunks.[2][3] It is a widely adapted plant with attractive dark green foliage.[6]
Ecology
In North America this tree is subject to widespread mortality by the native American pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, spread by means of beetle vectors. Subsequently, blue stain fungus invades the plant, leading to a rapid decline and death. This nematode has also been introduced to Japan accidentally, leading to the species becoming endangered in its native area.
Uses
Because of its resistance to pollution and salt, it is a popular horticultural tree. In Japan it is widely used as a garden tree both trained as Niwaki and untrained growing as an overstory tree. The trunks and branches are trained from a young age to be elegant and interesting to view. It is one of the classic bonsai subjects, requiring great patience over many years to train properly.
Second flush of growth
One characteristic of the Japanese Black Pine that makes it desirable for bonsai, is the possibility of inducing a second flush of new growth and improved ramification in a single growing season. Unlike most pines, which are single flush plants, the Japanese Black Pine can be induced to produce new buds at the base of each spring candle by simply cutting the candles at the base as they elongate, a technique called decandling. This technique will result, in a few weeks, in the flush of multiple new buds at the base of the cut candle; each of these new buds will result in turn in new candles and branches.[7]
Spring candles elongating in early summer in a Japanese Black Pine.
Japanese black pine var. 'Kotobuki' as
bonsai. This tree is over 65 years old and priced by its flaky bark and very short needles.
Gallery
Pinus thunbergii var. corticata Bonsai
Pinus thunbergiana var. corticata Bonsai
Pinus thunbergii var. Thunderhead
Close up, the bark seems to be made up of countless shiny metal pieces. Taiwan
References
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
Pinus thunbergii: Brief Summary
provided by wikipedia EN
Pinus thunbergii (syn: Pinus thunbergiana), also called black pine, Japanese black pine, and Japanese pine, is a pine tree native to coastal areas of Japan (Kyūshū, Shikoku and Honshū) and South Korea.
It is called gomsol (곰솔) in Korean, hēisōng (黑松) in Chinese, and kuromatsu (黒松) in Japanese.
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- cc-by-sa-3.0
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- Wikipedia authors and editors
