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Melicytus ramiflorus ( азерски )

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Melicytus ramiflorus (lat. Melicytus ramiflorus) - bənövşəkimilər fəsiləsinin melicytus cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Melicytus ramiflorus: Brief Summary ( азерски )

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Melicytus ramiflorus (lat. Melicytus ramiflorus) - bənövşəkimilər fəsiləsinin melicytus cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Melicytus ramiflorus ( германски )

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Melicytus ramiflorus (Maori: Māhoe, englisch: Whitey-Wood) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Veilchengewächse (Violaceae).

In früheren Studien ermittelte man vier Unterarten von Melicytus ramiflorus: subsp. ramiflorus in Neuseeland, subsp. oblongifolius auf Norfolk Island, subsp. fastigiata auf Fidschi und subsp. samoensis auf Samoa und Tonga. Neuere Studien, vor allem durch Art Whistler legen nahe, dass alle Unterarten als eigene Arten angesehen werden sollten.

Beschreibung

 src=
Botanische Illustration von Gerald Sibelius

Melicytus ramiflorus wächst als ein Baum, der Wuchshöhen von bis zu 10 Metern und Stammdurchmesser von bis zu 60 Zentimetern erreicht. Er besitzt eine weißliche Rinde und brüchige Zweige.

Die dunkelgrünen, gegenständigen Zweige sind 5 bis 15 Zentimeter lang und 3 bis 5 Zentimeter breit. Ihre Ränder sind fein gesägt, dies ist bei jüngeren Pflanzen jedoch weniger ausgeprägt.

Die Blütezeit reicht vom späten Frühjahr und bis in den Sommer. Melicytus ramiflorus ist zweihäusig getrenntgeschlechtig (diözisch). Die erscheinen in bündeligen Blütenständen direkt aus den Zweigen. Die bei einem Durchmesser von 3 bis 4 Millimeter kleinen Blüten duften stark und sind gelblich.

Die bei Reif leuchtend violetten Beeren sind einem Durchmesser von 3 bis 4 Millimeter mehr oder weniger kugelig.

Die Beeren erscheinen im Spätsommer und Herbst. Die Beeren werden von verschiedenen heimischen Vogelarten gefressen, darunter Kererū und Tui. Geckos der Gattung Naultinus wurden dabei beobachtet, dass sie ihre Insektenkost mit dem Beeren ergänzt haben.

Vorkommen

Māhoe ist in Neuseeland in niedrig gelegenen Wäldern verbreitet und oft auf Flächen zu finden, auf denen sich der Wald regeneriert, so auch im Karori Wildlife Sanctuary in Wellington.

Literatur

  • L. Cockyane and E. Phillips Turner, 1943, The Trees of New Zealand. Government Printer.
  • John Dawson and Rob Lucas, 2000, Nature Guide to the New Zealand Forest. Godwit.
  • Donald R. Drake, Walter A. Whistler, Timothy J. Motley, and Clyde T. Imada, 1996, Rain Forest Vegetation of 'Eua Island, Kingdom of Tonga. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1996, Vol. 34: 65–77.
  • A.L. Poole and N.M. Adams, 1963, Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand. Government Printer.

Weblinks

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Melicytus ramiflorus: Brief Summary ( германски )

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Melicytus ramiflorus (Maori: Māhoe, englisch: Whitey-Wood) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Familie der Veilchengewächse (Violaceae).

In früheren Studien ermittelte man vier Unterarten von Melicytus ramiflorus: subsp. ramiflorus in Neuseeland, subsp. oblongifolius auf Norfolk Island, subsp. fastigiata auf Fidschi und subsp. samoensis auf Samoa und Tonga. Neuere Studien, vor allem durch Art Whistler legen nahe, dass alle Unterarten als eigene Arten angesehen werden sollten.

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Māhoe ( маорски )

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 src=
Whakaahua nā Gerald Sibelius

Ko te Māhoe he rākau whakauru waimeha o Aotearoa. Ko ngā rau he matahua, he rahirahi. Ko ngā pua o te Māhoe he maha, he kaho, he itiiti. He porouri te āhua o ngā hua. E rua ngā rākau hika i te ahi a te Māori: ko te Māhoe tētahi, ko te Kaikōmako tētahi.

Ko te ingoa pūtaiao he Melicytus ramiflorus. Ko ingoa reo Pākehā he Whiteywood, engari he ingoa āhua tawhito tērā, ko Māhoe te ingoa e rangona whānuitia kētia ana i ēnei rā.

Momo o raro

E whā ngā momo o raro o M. ramiflorus i whakatūria e ngā tohunga huaota o mua: ko M. ramiflorus ramiflorus o Aotearoa, ko M. ramiflorus oblongifolius nō Te Moutere o Nōpoke, ko M. ramiflorus fastigiataWhītī, ko M. ramiflorus samoensisHāmoa, nō Tonga hoki. Ka whakatūria e ngā tohunga huaota o nāianei ēnei momo hei tino momo motuhake kē.

Tohutoro

  • Drake, Donald R., Walter A. Whistler, Timothy J. Motley, and Clyde T. Imada, 1996, Rain Forest Vegetation of 'Eua Island, Kingdom of Tonga. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1996, Vol. 34: 65-77.
  • Metcalf, Laurie, 2002. A Photographic Guide to Trees of New Zealand. Tāmaki-makau-rau: New Holland.
  • Salmon, J.T., 1986. The Native Trees of New Zealand. Te Whanga-nui-a-Tara: Heinneman Reed.

Hoto ki waho

  • New Zealand Plant Conservation Network, URL: Melicytus ramiflorus, he mea kite i te 2 o ngā rā o Haratua 2007.
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Māhoe: Brief Summary ( маорски )

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 src= Whakaahua nā Gerald Sibelius

Ko te Māhoe he rākau whakauru waimeha o Aotearoa. Ko ngā rau he matahua, he rahirahi. Ko ngā pua o te Māhoe he maha, he kaho, he itiiti. He porouri te āhua o ngā hua. E rua ngā rākau hika i te ahi a te Māori: ko te Māhoe tētahi, ko te Kaikōmako tētahi.

Ko te ingoa pūtaiao he Melicytus ramiflorus. Ko ingoa reo Pākehā he Whiteywood, engari he ingoa āhua tawhito tērā, ko Māhoe te ingoa e rangona whānuitia kētia ana i ēnei rā.

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Pualiki ( тонгански )

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Ko e pualiki ko e fuʻu ʻakau lahi ia. ʻOku tupu pē ʻi ʻEua, ʻoku lahi ʻi Nuʻusila. ʻOku kehe ʻaupito mo e pua.

ʻOku ʻikai te ne tatau mo e Melicytus ramiflorus, naʻe tui ki ai ʻi he kuonga kuo hili. He taimí ni ʻoku pehē ʻe he kau saienisi ko M. oblongifolius mei Norfolk Island pea mo e M. fastigiatus mei Fisi pea mo e M. samoensis mei Haʻamoa mo Tonga, ʻoku ʻikai te nau kei kau ki he M. ramiflorus mei Nuʻusila, kā ko e ngaahi faʻahinga kehe moʻoni.

Hingoa ʻi he ngaahi lea kehe

Tataku

  • Hokohoko ngaahi ʻakau; Vaʻa fekumi ngoue Vainī
  • Tongan dictionary; C.M. Churchward
  • Plants of Tonga; T.G. Yuncker; BPB bulletin 220, Honolulu 1959
  • D.R. Drake, Rain forest vegetation of ʻEua Island, New Zealand Journal of Botany 34, 1996
Ko e kupu ʻeni ko e potuʻi ia (stub). ʻIo, ko koe, kātaki tokoni mai ʻi hono .
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Pualiki: Brief Summary ( тонгански )

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Ko e pualiki ko e fuʻu ʻakau lahi ia. ʻOku tupu pē ʻi ʻEua, ʻoku lahi ʻi Nuʻusila. ʻOku kehe ʻaupito mo e pua.

ʻOku ʻikai te ne tatau mo e Melicytus ramiflorus, naʻe tui ki ai ʻi he kuonga kuo hili. He taimí ni ʻoku pehē ʻe he kau saienisi ko M. oblongifolius mei Norfolk Island pea mo e M. fastigiatus mei Fisi pea mo e M. samoensis mei Haʻamoa mo Tonga, ʻoku ʻikai te nau kei kau ki he M. ramiflorus mei Nuʻusila, kā ko e ngaahi faʻahinga kehe moʻoni.

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Melicytus ramiflorus ( англиски )

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Melicytus ramiflorus (māhoe or whiteywood) is a small tree of the family Violaceae endemic to New Zealand.

It grows up to 10 metres high with a trunk up to 60 cm in diameter, it has smooth, whitish bark and brittle twigs. The dark-green "alternate" leaves are 5–15 cm long and 3–5 cm wide and their edges are finely serrated (although this feature is less pronounced in younger plants).The plants are dioecious and the small flowers are yellowish in colouration, between 3 and 4 mm in diameter and occur in fascicles, growing straight out from naked twigs- these flowers have a strong, pleasant fragrance. The berries are a striking violet colour when ripe and are more or less spherical with a diameter of between 3 and 4 mm. Flowering occurs in late spring ( southern hemisphere )- and on into summer while the berries appear later on in summer and also in autumn.

The berries of M. ramiflorus are eaten by a number of native birds, including kererū and tui, while geckos of the genus Naultinus have also been observed to supplement their primarily insectivorous diet with consumption of these berries. It is also a host species for the caterpillars of the New Zealand endemic moth Austramathes purpurea.[1] It is ubiquitous throughout lower altitude New Zealand forests and is frequently seen in areas of regenerating forest.

Subspecies

In former analyses, four subspecies of M. ramiflorus were recognised: subsp. ramiflorus of New Zealand, subsp. oblongifolius of Norfolk Island, subsp. fastigiata of Fiji and subsp. samoensis of Samoa and Tonga. More recent studies, especially that by Art Whistler, have indicated that all these subspecies should be regarded as species in their own right.

References

  1. ^ Hoare, R.J.B. (2017). "Noctuinae (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) part 1: Austramathes, Cosmodes, Proteuxoa, Physetica" (PDF). Fauna of New Zealand. 73: 1–130. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.73 – via Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd.
  • L. Cockyane and E. Phillips Turner, 1943, The Trees of New Zealand. Government Printer.
  • John Dawson and Rob Lucas, 2000, Nature Guide to the New Zealand Forest. Godwit.
  • Donald R. Drake, Walter A. Whistler, Timothy J. Motley, and Clyde T. Imada, 1996, Rain Forest Vegetation of 'Eua Island, Kingdom of Tonga. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1996, Vol. 34: 65–77.
  • A.L. Poole and N.M. Adams, 1963, Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand. Government Printer.

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Melicytus ramiflorus: Brief Summary ( англиски )

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Melicytus ramiflorus (māhoe or whiteywood) is a small tree of the family Violaceae endemic to New Zealand.

It grows up to 10 metres high with a trunk up to 60 cm in diameter, it has smooth, whitish bark and brittle twigs. The dark-green "alternate" leaves are 5–15 cm long and 3–5 cm wide and their edges are finely serrated (although this feature is less pronounced in younger plants).The plants are dioecious and the small flowers are yellowish in colouration, between 3 and 4 mm in diameter and occur in fascicles, growing straight out from naked twigs- these flowers have a strong, pleasant fragrance. The berries are a striking violet colour when ripe and are more or less spherical with a diameter of between 3 and 4 mm. Flowering occurs in late spring ( southern hemisphere )- and on into summer while the berries appear later on in summer and also in autumn.

The berries of M. ramiflorus are eaten by a number of native birds, including kererū and tui, while geckos of the genus Naultinus have also been observed to supplement their primarily insectivorous diet with consumption of these berries. It is also a host species for the caterpillars of the New Zealand endemic moth Austramathes purpurea. It is ubiquitous throughout lower altitude New Zealand forests and is frequently seen in areas of regenerating forest.

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Melicytus ramiflorus ( шпански; кастиљски )

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 src=
Ilustración botánica de Gerald Sibelius

Melicytus ramiflorus, Mahoe o Palo blanco (Whitey-wood) es un árbol pequeño de la familia Violaceae endémico de Nueva Zelanda.

Descripción

Alcanza hasta 10 metros de alto con un tronco de hasta 60 cm de diámetro, tiene una corteza lisa y blancuzca y ramitas quebradiza. Las hojas son verde oscuras y "alternadas", miden 5-15 cm de largo y 3-5 cm de ancho y sus bordes están finamente serrados ( sin embargo esta característica es menos pronunciada en plantas más jóvenes). Las plantas son dioicas y las pequeñas flores son de color amarillento, entre 3 y 4 mm de diámetro y salen en fascículos, creciendo rectos desde las ramitas desnudas- esas flores tienen una fragancia fuerte y agradable. Las hojas tienen un llamativo color violeta en madurez y son más o menos esféricas con un diámetro entre 3 y 4 mm. La floración ocurre a finales de primavera ( hemisferio sur )- y sigue en verano mientras las bayas aparecen más tarde en verano y también en otoño.

Las bayas de este árbol son comidas por varias especies nativas, incluyendo el kereru y el tui, mientras los geckos del género Naultinus han sido también observados suplementar su dieta primordialmente insectívora con el consumo de esas bayas. El mahoe se encuentra en todos los bosques de baja altitud de Nueva Zelanda y se le ve frecuentemente en áreas de regeneración de bosque.

Subespecies

En anteriores análisis, cuatro subspecies de M. ramiflorus eran reconocidas: subsp. ramiflorus de Nueva Zelanda, subsp. oblongifolius de la Isla Norfolk, subsp. fastigiata de Fiyi y subsp. samoensis de Samoa y Tonga. Estudios más recientes, especialmente aquellos de Art Whistler, han indicado que aquellas subespecies deben ser consideradas como especies en su propio derecho.

Taxonomía

Melicytus ramiflorus fue descrita por J.R.Forst. & G.Forst. y publicado en Char. Gen. Pl. 62, en el año 1775.

sinonimia

Referencias

Bibliografía

  • L. Cockyane and E. Phillips Turner, 1943, The Trees of New Zealand. Government Printer.
  • John Dawson and Rob Lucas, 2000, Nature Guide to the New Zealand Forest. Godwit.
  • Donald R. Drake, Walter A. Whistler, Timothy J. Motley, and Clyde T. Imada, 1996, Rain Forest Vegetation of 'Eua Island, Kingdom of Tonga. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1996, Vol. 34: 65-77.
  • A.L. Poole and N.M. Adams, 1963, Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand. Government Printer.

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Melicytus ramiflorus: Brief Summary ( шпански; кастиљски )

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 src= Ilustración botánica de Gerald Sibelius

Melicytus ramiflorus, Mahoe o Palo blanco (Whitey-wood) es un árbol pequeño de la familia Violaceae endémico de Nueva Zelanda.

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Melicytus ramiflorus ( норвешки )

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Melicytus ramiflorus ( māhoe eller whitey-wood) er eit tre i fiolfamilien som er endemisk (stadeige) på New Zealand.

Skildring

 src=
Botanisk illustrasjon av Gerald Sibelius

Tret kan veksa seg opp til ti m høgt med ein stamme på opptil 60 cm i diameter. Treet har glatt bork og skjøre kvistar. Dei mørkegrøne blada er 5-15 cm lange og 3-5 cm breie, kantane har fine taggar (dette er ikkje så synleg hjå unge plantar). Plantane er tvikjønna, og dei små blomane er gullege på farge, mellom tre og fire mm i diameter, og står i buntar rett ut frå nakne greiner. Blomane har ein sterk og behageleg lukt. Bæra har iaugefallande fiolett farge når dei er mogne, fasongen er meir eller mindre sfærisk, og diameteren mellom tre og fire mm. Bløminga finn stad seint på våren (på den sørlege halvkula)- og held fram innpå sommaren inntil bæra kjem seint på sommaren eller også om hausten.

Bæra på dette treet vert etne av ei rekkje fuglar, mellom desse maoridue, (kererū) (Hemiphaga novaeseelandiae), spurvefuglane tuihonningetar (Prosthemadera novaeseelandiae) og kvithovudmohua (Mohoua albicilla), medan gekkoar av arten Naultinus også har vorte observerte å supplera insektdietten sin med desse bæra. Māhoe finst over alt i skogar i låglandet på New Zealand, og er ofte å sjå i regenererande skogområde.

Undergrupper

I tidlegare granskingar er det vorte påvist fire undergrupper av M. ramiflorus: subsp. ramiflorus på New Zealand, subsp. oblongifoliusNorfolk Island, subsp. fastigiataFiji og subsp. samoensisSamoa og Tonga. Seinare studiar, særleg ved Art Whistler, har indikert at alle desse undergruppene skulle danna eigne artar.

Bakgrunnsstoff

Commons-logo.svg Wikimedia Commons har multimedia som gjeld: Melicytus ramiflorus

Litteratur

  • L. Cockyane and E. Phillips Turner, 1943, The Trees of New Zealand. Government Printer.
  • John Dawson and Rob Lucas, 2000, Nature Guide to the New Zealand Forest. Godwit.
  • Donald R. Drake, Walter A. Whistler, Timothy J. Motley, og Clyde T. Imada, 1996, Rain Forest Vegetation of 'Eua Island', Kingdom of Tonga. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1996, Vol. 34: 65-77.
  • A.L. Poole and N.M. Adams, 1963, Trees and Shrubs of New Zealand. Government Printer.

Kjelder

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Melicytus ramiflorus: Brief Summary ( норвешки )

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Melicytus ramiflorus ( māhoe eller whitey-wood) er eit tre i fiolfamilien som er endemisk (stadeige) på New Zealand.

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Melicytus ramiflorus ( португалски )

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Melicytus ramiflorus é uma espécie de angiosperma da família Violaceae, endêmica da Nova Zelândia. Na língua maori é conhecida como māhoe.[1]

Referências

  1. Donald R. Drake, Walter A. Whistler, Timothy J. Motley, and Clyde T. Imada, 1996, Rain Forest Vegetation of 'Eua Island, Kingdom of Tonga. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1996, Vol. 34: 65-77.
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Melicytus ramiflorus: Brief Summary ( португалски )

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Melicytus ramiflorus é uma espécie de angiosperma da família Violaceae, endêmica da Nova Zelândia. Na língua maori é conhecida como māhoe.

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