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Pouteria sandwicensis ( англиски )

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Planchonella sandwicensis is a species of flowering tree in the sapodilla family, Sapotaceae, that is endemic to the main islands of Hawaii. Names for this species in the Hawaiian language include ʻĀlaʻa, Āulu and ʻĒlaʻa.[2]

Description

Starr 030210-0004 Pouteria sandwicensis.jpg

ʻĀlaʻa inhabits dry, coastal mesic, and mixed mesic forests at elevations of 240–980 m (790–3,220 ft).[3] ʻĀlaʻa reaches a height of 15 m (49 ft) and a trunk diameter of 0.4 m (1.3 ft). The thick bark is grey and fissured, with an orange inner layer. The leaves are alternate, thick, leathery, oblong or elliptical, and measure 6–14 cm (2.4–5.5 in) long and 3–6 cm (1.2–2.4 in) wide. The upper surfaces of the leaves are glabrous and shiny green, while the lower surfaces are dull and may feature bronze or reddish brown pressed hairs. The hairs are sometimes found only on the tips of new leaves (see photo gallery below). Inflorescences with one to four bell-shaped flowers are found at the bases of leaves. The fruit, a berry, is 3–4 cm (1.2–1.6 in) in diameter and yellow, orange, or purplish black. Each fruit contains one to five seeds, which are about 2 cm (0.79 in) long and yellow brown.[4]

Uses

The wood of ʻālaʻa is yellow with black streaks, extremely hard, and close grained.[4] Native Hawaiians used it in house construction and to make the pale (gunwales) of waʻa (outrigger canoes),[3] ʻōʻō (digging sticks), and ihe (spears). The sticky, milky sap was used as a kolū (glue) for weapon and tool handles[2] and as kēpau (birdlime), much like papala kepau (Pisonia spp.).[5]

Trunk

References

  1. ^ a b Planchonella sandwicensis (A.Gray) Pierre. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 7 June 2023.
  2. ^ a b Medeiros, A. C.; C.F. Davenport; C.G. Chimera (1998). "Auwahi: Ethnobotany of a Hawaiian Dryland Forest" (PDF). Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa: 17–18. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  3. ^ a b "'ala'a, aulu, elaa, kaulu". Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Archived from the original on 2007-07-02. Retrieved 2009-11-14.
  4. ^ a b Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989). "ʻĀlaʻa" (PDF). United States Forest Service. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ Barboza, Rick (2009-04-03). "Beautiful native tree varies in appearance". Honolulu Star-Bulletin.

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Pouteria sandwicensis: Brief Summary ( англиски )

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Planchonella sandwicensis is a species of flowering tree in the sapodilla family, Sapotaceae, that is endemic to the main islands of Hawaii. Names for this species in the Hawaiian language include ʻĀlaʻa, Āulu and ʻĒlaʻa.

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Pouteria sandwicensis ( шпански; кастиљски )

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Pouteria sandwicensis es una especie de árbol de la familia Sapotaceae, endémica de las principales islas de Hawái. Los nombres de esta especie en el idioma hawaiano incluyen ʻĀlaʻa, Āulu y ʻĒlaʻa.[4]​ Se encuentra en bosques secos y mesobosques entre los 240 y 980 m de altitud.[5]

Descripción

El tronco alcanza una altura de 15 m y un diámetro de 40 cm. La corteza gruesa es gris y agrietada, con una capa interna anaranjada. Las hojas son alternas, gruesas, coriáceas, oblongas o elípticas, y miden de 6 a 14 cm de largo por 3 a 6 cm de ancho. Las superficies superiores de las hojas son glabras y de color verde brillante, mientras que las superficies inferiores son opacas y pueden presentar pelos prensados de color bronce o marrón rojizo. Los pelos a veces se encuentran solo en las puntas de las hojas nuevas. Las inflorescencias con una a cuatro flores en forma de campana se encuentran en la base de las hojas. La fruta, una baya, mide de 3 a 4 cm de diámetro y es de color amarillo, naranja o negro violáceo. Cada fruta contiene de una a cinco semillas, que miden aproximadamente 2 cm de largo y son de color marrón amarillento.[3]

Usos

La madera es amarilla con vetas negras, extremadamente dura y de veta compacta.[3]​ Los hawaianos nativos la usaban en la construcción de casas, para fabricar las bordas estabilizadoras las canoas,[5]​ palos de excavación y lanzas. La savia lechosa y pegajosa se usaba como pegamento para mangos de armas y herramientas[4]​ y como pegante para atrapar aves, al igual que las semillas de Pisonia spp..[6]

Referencias

  1. Baehni, Charles & Otto Degener (1938). Flora Hawaiiensis: The New Illustrated flora of the Hawaiian Islands 1: 23.
  2. Pierre, Jean Baptiste Louis (1890). Notes Botaniques: Sapotacées 36
  3. a b c Little Jr., Elbert L.; Roger G. Skolmen (1989). ʻĀlaʻa. United States Forest Service]].
  4. a b Medeiros, A. C.; C.F. Davenport; C.G. Chimera (1998). Auwahi: Ethnobotany of a Hawaiian Dryland Forest. Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit, University of Hawaii at Manoa. pp. 17-18.
  5. a b «‘ala‘a, aulu, elaa, kaulu». Hawaiian Ethnobotany Online Database. Bernice P. Bishop Museum. Archivado desde el original el 2 de julio de 2007. Consultado el 31 de agosto de 2020.
  6. Barboza, Rick (3 de abril de 2009). «Beautiful native tree varies in appearance». Honolulu Star-Bulletin.
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Pouteria sandwicensis: Brief Summary ( шпански; кастиљски )

добавил wikipedia ES

Pouteria sandwicensis es una especie de árbol de la familia Sapotaceae, endémica de las principales islas de Hawái. Los nombres de esta especie en el idioma hawaiano incluyen ʻĀlaʻa, Āulu y ʻĒlaʻa.​ Se encuentra en bosques secos y mesobosques entre los 240 y 980 m de altitud.​

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Pouteria sandwicensis ( холандски; фламански )

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Pouteria sandwicensis (Hawaïaans: alaa) is een struik of een tot 12 m hoge boom uit de familie Sapotaceae. De plant is endemisch op Hawaï. De vruchten zijn roodbruin en niet eetbaar. Ze bevatten tot 9 mm grote zaden.

De soort komt voor in droge tot vochtige bossen op 240-980 m hoogte op alle grote eilanden, behalve op Ni'ihau en Kaho'olawe.

Het melksap van de plant werd door de oorspronkelijke bewoners van Hawaï gebruikt als vogellijm voor het vangen van vogels. Het harde, gele hout werd gebruikt voor het bouwen van huizen en het vervaardigen van kano's en speren.

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Pouteria sandwicensis: Brief Summary ( холандски; фламански )

добавил wikipedia NL

Pouteria sandwicensis (Hawaïaans: alaa) is een struik of een tot 12 m hoge boom uit de familie Sapotaceae. De plant is endemisch op Hawaï. De vruchten zijn roodbruin en niet eetbaar. Ze bevatten tot 9 mm grote zaden.

De soort komt voor in droge tot vochtige bossen op 240-980 m hoogte op alle grote eilanden, behalve op Ni'ihau en Kaho'olawe.

Het melksap van de plant werd door de oorspronkelijke bewoners van Hawaï gebruikt als vogellijm voor het vangen van vogels. Het harde, gele hout werd gebruikt voor het bouwen van huizen en het vervaardigen van kano's en speren.

 src= vruchten
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Planchonella sandwicensis ( виетнамски )

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Pouteria sandwicensis là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hồng xiêm. Loài này được (A.Gray) Pierre miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1890.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Little Jr., Elbert L.. "ʻĀlaʻa" (PDF). United States Forest Service.
  2. ^ The Plant List (2010). Planchonella sandwicensis. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 8 năm 2013.

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Planchonella sandwicensis: Brief Summary ( виетнамски )

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Pouteria sandwicensis là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hồng xiêm. Loài này được (A.Gray) Pierre miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1890.

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