Dasyornis a zo ur genad e rummatadur an evned, krouet e 1827 gant an daou skiantour iwerzhonat Nicholas Aylward Vigors (1785-1840) ha stadunanat Thomas Horsfield (1773-1859).
Tri spesad golvaneged a ya d'ober ar genad :
O c'havout a reer en Aostralia, pemp (5) isspesad (bev c'hoazh) dezho en holl.
Dasyornis a zo ur genad e rummatadur an evned, krouet e 1827 gant an daou skiantour iwerzhonat Nicholas Aylward Vigors (1785-1840) ha stadunanat Thomas Horsfield (1773-1859).
Dasyornis és un gènere d'ocells, únic de la família dels dasiornítids (Dasyornithidae), dins l'ordre dels passeriformes. La família és endèmica d'Austràlia. El gènere va ser situat a la família del acantízids (Acanthizidae) i també com la subfamília dels dasiornitins (Dasyornithinae), juntament amb els acantizins (Acanthizinae) i els pardalotins (Pardalotinae) dins d'una ampliada família dels pardalòtids (Pardalotidae), abans de ser elevada al nivell de família independent per Christidis & Boles (2008).[1]
Segons la classificació del Congrés Ornitològic Internacional (versió 2.4, 2009) aquesta família conté un únic gènere amb tres espècies.
Dasyornis és un gènere d'ocells, únic de la família dels dasiornítids (Dasyornithidae), dins l'ordre dels passeriformes. La família és endèmica d'Austràlia. El gènere va ser situat a la família del acantízids (Acanthizidae) i també com la subfamília dels dasiornitins (Dasyornithinae), juntament amb els acantizins (Acanthizinae) i els pardalotins (Pardalotinae) dins d'una ampliada família dels pardalòtids (Pardalotidae), abans de ser elevada al nivell de família independent per Christidis & Boles (2008).
Dasyornis (česky střízlíkovec, podobně jako druhy čeledi střízlíkovcovití (Acanthizidae), do níž byl původně řazen) je rod zpěvných ptáků, jediný rod čeledi Dasyornithidae. Tři druhy tohoto rodu žijí v Austrálii.[1]
Obrázky, zvuky či videa k tématu Dasyornis ve Wikimedia Commons
Dasyornis (česky střízlíkovec, podobně jako druhy čeledi střízlíkovcovití (Acanthizidae), do níž byl původně řazen) je rod zpěvných ptáků, jediný rod čeledi Dasyornithidae. Tři druhy tohoto rodu žijí v Austrálii.
Die Borstenvögel oder Lackvögel (Dasyornis) sind die einzige Gattung der gleichnamigen Familie Dasyornithidae. Sie umfasst drei Arten, die im östlichen, südöstlichen und südwestlichen Australien heimisch sind.
Die Borstenvögel erreichen Körperlängen von 17 bis 25 cm. Das Gefieder ist im Allgemeinen stumpfbraun und beim Rotkopf-Borstenvogel rötlich. Die kurzen Flügel sind gerundet. Der lange Schwanz ist gerundet und abgestuft. Der Körper ist zylindrisch eiförmig, typischerweise mit horizontaler Haltung. Der mittelkurze Schnabel ist gerade, schmal und scharfkantig. Der Kopf ist mittelgroß. Der Hals ist mittelkurz und dick. Die mittellangen Beine und Füße sind stämmig. Die Geschlechter ähneln sich. Der Trivialname Lackvogel bezieht sich auf das braune, wie lackiert glänzende, wasserabweisende Gefieder am Rücken, Kopf und Schwanz. Der wissenschaftliche Name Dasyornis leitet sich von den griechischen Wörtern dasu für „rau“ oder „haarig“ und ornis für „Vogel“ ab und bezieht sich auf die Borsten zwischen Oberschnabel und Stirn.
Die Borstenvögel gehören zu den basalen australisch-ozeanischen Familien innerhalb der Überfamilie Meliphagoidea.[1][2] Proben aus dieser Familie wurden in den meisten breit angelegten Erhebungen über die Verwandtschaft der Singvögel nicht berücksichtigt, aber die vorliegenden Erkenntnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Borstenvögel die Schwestergruppe einer Klade sind, die von den Familien Meliphagidae (Honigfresser), Pardalotidae (Panthervögel) und Acanthizidae (Südseegrasmücken) gebildet wird.[2]
Es werden folgende Arten unterschieden:
2019 wurde die fossile Art Dasyornis walterbolesi aus dem Miozän beschrieben und nach dem australischen Ornithologen und Paläontologen Walter E. Boles benannt. Die gefundenen Fossilien vergrößern das geographische Verbreitungsgebiet der Dasyornithidae beträchtlich und deuten darauf hin, dass die Familie der Borstenvögel in Australien einst weiter verbreitet war.[3]
Borstenvögel bewohnen strauchartige Lebensräume mit dichter Vegetation, darunter Küstenheiden oder bewaldete Schluchten.
Borstenvögel gehen im Laubstreu auf Nahrungssuche, wo sie Insekten und andere kleine Wirbellose erbeuten. Auch Samen gehören zum Nahrungsangebot.
Über die Brutbiologie der Borstenvögel ist wenig bekannt, da sie scheu und verborgen sind und den größten Teil ihres Lebens im unzugänglichen Dickicht verbringen. Es scheint jedoch, dass Borstenvögel monogam mit biparentaler Betreuung sind. Nester von Borstenvögeln sind etwas unordentliche gewölbte Strukturen, die hauptsächlich aus Gräsern, Zweigen, Seggen und einer Vielzahl anderer Pflanzenmaterialien errichtet werden. Die Gelegegröße beträgt fast immer 2 Eier. Die wenigen Daten deuten darauf hin, dass nur das Weibchen die Eier bebrütet und dass sowohl Männchen als auch Weibchen die Jungen versorgen. Die Brutzeit dauert offenbar 16 bis 21 Tage, und die Nistperiode ist etwa gleich lang. Flügge Junge scheinen nach dem Ausfliegen noch einige Zeit in der Obhut der Eltern zu bleiben, das bedarf jedoch noch der Bestätigung.
Zwei der drei Borstenvögelarten stehen vor ernsthaften Arterhaltungsproblemen. Der stark gefährdete Olivscheitel-Borstenvogel hat in Ostaustralien ein stark fragmentiertes Verbreitungsgebiet, was auf die umfassende Veränderung seines Lebensraums zurückzuführen ist. Während seine Population derzeit stabil ist, gehen mehrere Teilpopulationen rasch zurück und die zerstörerischen Brände in den verbleibenden Populationen sind eine ständige Bedrohung. Der stark gefährdete Tüpfelborstenvogel, der im Mittelpunkt umfangreicher Erhaltungsmaßnahmen steht, hat eine kleine Population und eine sehr begrenzte Verbreitung im Südwesten Australiens, wo er vor allem durch Waldbrände bedroht ist. Die Unterart Dasyornis broadbentii litoralis des Rotkopf-Borstenvogels wurde seit 1940 nicht mehr gesichtet und gilt als ausgestorben.
Die Borstenvögel oder Lackvögel (Dasyornis) sind die einzige Gattung der gleichnamigen Familie Dasyornithidae. Sie umfasst drei Arten, die im östlichen, südöstlichen und südwestlichen Australien heimisch sind.
The bristlebirds are a family of passerine birds, Dasyornithidae. There are three species in one genus, Dasyornis. The family is endemic to the south-east coast and south-west corner of Australia.[1] The genus Dasyornis was sometimes placed in the Acanthizidae or, as a subfamily, Dasyornithinae, along with the Acanthizinae and Pardalotinae, within an expanded Pardalotidae, before being elevated to full family level by Christidis & Boles (2008).[2][3]
Taxa accepted or described by Schodde & Mason (1999)[4] include, with their estimated conservation status:
Once placed within various Northern Hemisphere lineages (such as Old World warblers or Old World flycatchers), the Dasyornithidae's closest relatives are now known to be Australian endemics such as the pardalotes and honeyeaters. Although their exact position within the Australasian basal lineages of passerines is not fully resolved, Marki et al.’s 2017[5] study, the first to sample and sequence molecular data for all three species of bristlebirds, placed them within the ecologically diverse infra-order Meliphagides (formerly known as Meliphagoidea). This lineage consists of five families: Maluridae (fairywrens and allies), Acanthizidae (thornbills and gerygones), Meliphagidae (honeyeaters), Pardalotidae (pardalotes) and Dasyornithidae (bristlebirds).[6] While other families within this grouping are highly speciose e.g. the Meliphagidae (honeyeaters) with 187 species, Dasyornis broadbenti, D. brachypterus and D. longirostris are only three known species of bristlebirds. Marki et al. found strong support for D. broadbenti as sister lineage to D. brachypterus and D. longirostris, having diverged from its relatives in the mid-Miocene ca.13 Mya and that D. brachypterus and D. longirostris diverged in the early Pliocene, ca. 5 Mya. They infer from this that genetic divergences within the family may be greater than their similar morphologies might suggest and urge denser sampling to explore the possibility of overlooked cryptic species.
Bristlebirds are long-tailed, sedentary, ground-frequenting birds. They vary in length from about 17 cm to 27 cm, with the Eastern bristlebird the smallest, and the Rufous bristlebird the largest, species. Their colouring is mainly grey with various shades of brown, ranging from olive-brown through chestnut and rufous, on the plumage of the upperparts. The grey plumage of the underparts or the mantle is marked by pale dappling or scalloping.[7] The common name of the family is derived from the presence of prominent rictal bristles[2] – three stiff, hair-like feathers curving downwards on either side of the gape. This feature distinguishes them from the scrub-birds, to which they are similar in appearance although not closely related. The bristles, which are conspicuous in many birds that like the bristlebirds forage for insects in dark locations, may serve a tactile function in locating or manipulating prey.
Eastern bristlebirds were first seen by Europeans in Port Jackson (Sydney Harbour) when Latham first described the species for science in 1801. According to Gould, they were "to be found throughout New South Wales in all places suitable to its habits, although, from the recluse nature of its disposition, it is a species familiar to few, even of those who have long been resident in the colony."[8] After two centuries of European colonisation, two of the three species of bristlebirds are endangered (see Status and Conservation), and all have restricted and disjunct ranges.[4] Their distributions are non-overlapping, with the Western bristlebird, inhabiting a tiny area of dense heathland on the south-west coast of Western Australia, the most specialised. On the east coast, the Eastern bristlebird occupies a wider range of habitats in relict pockets of far south-east Queensland and northern New South Wales, and coastal fringes south of Sydney to the Victorian border. The Rufous bristlebird's range is dense coastal shrub and heathland in far south-west Victoria and extreme east South Australia. The least-shy member of the family, the newly discovered subspecies caryochrous, occurs in open eucalyptus forest with dense understorey in the Otway range, but is also found in car parks, tracks and gardens along the edges of its dense habitat.[2] Gould's description of the Eastern bristlebird's habitat as "reed-beds and thickets, particularly such as are overgrown with creepers and vegetation" captures the density of coastal heath scrub and grasslands favoured by the Dasyornithidae, although not the fire-dependence of these environments, which require burning to prevent the trees shading out the grass component.
Often described as shy, elusive or secretive, they scamper through the thickest vegetation on strong legs, sometimes with their tails held partly erect.[1] They preferentially run to avoid danger, but are capable of flying short distances on their short rounded wings. They are more often heard than seen, singing in sweet and resonant voices with a distinctive metallic character. It is usually the male that sings. The song is thought to be territorial in nature and is often made from on top of a log or shrub to better carry in the air. Diurnal, nothing is known of their roosting behaviour except that it is in dense thickets.
They generally occur in pairs, but their social structure has not been studied closely. Most of the food is found by foraging on the ground. Birds forage in pairs, making small contact calls to keep in touch, and constantly flicking their tails whilst moving. The major part of the diet is composed of insects and seeds. Spiders and worms are also taken, and birds have been observed drinking nectar as well.
The breeding behaviour of bristlebirds is poorly known. They are thought to mostly be monogamous and defend a territory against others of the same species. The Western bristlebird breeds July–October, the two eastern species between August and February. All are single-brooded, and eastern and Rufous bristlebirds will lay replacement clutches if the first one is lost, an important factor in the success of captive breeding programs being undertaken in Queensland for the critically endangered northern subspecies monoides of the Eastern bristlebird.[9]
The nest is constructed by the female in low vegetation and is a large ovoid dome with a side entrance with finer grasses for lining. Two eggs are laid, white or dullish whitish-brown or pink dotted with purplish-brown spots.[10] As far as is known only the female incubates the clutch, for a period of between sixteen and twenty-one days. Both sexes feed the young. The nestling stage is known to be long, eighteen to twenty-one days.
With two of the three recognised species already on the IUCN Red List, the Dasyornithidae are increasingly vulnerable to habitat destruction by ever more fierce and frequent bush fires. The Rufous bristlebird D. broadbenti is still comparatively common in its core areas of western Victoria and far south-east South Australia, but the ranges of the other two species have contracted since European settlement to relict populations found almost entirely within national parks and reserves with appropriate weed eradication and fire management regimes. The latter are essential for bristlebirds: with their small rounded wings they are poor flyers and prefer to run than to fly. Large and unchecked bushfires can cause local extinctions, compounding population fragmentation. Recent research suggests total avoidance of fire in the management of Western and Rufous bristlebird populations. Eastern bristlebirds require a more delicate balance with some degree of burning needed to promote regeneration of the grasslands they favour but too much destroying both habitat and potential refugia where populations can shelter until vegetation recovers.[11] Habitat loss since European settlement from land-clearing for agriculture and extensive housing development along coastal strips in more recent times also threatens bristlebird survival. The western subspecies litoralis of the Rufous Bristlebird, once found in dense impenetrable shrub-land on the coastal dunes of extreme south-west Western Australia is probably extinct.[2][7][12]
The bristlebirds are a family of passerine birds, Dasyornithidae. There are three species in one genus, Dasyornis. The family is endemic to the south-east coast and south-west corner of Australia. The genus Dasyornis was sometimes placed in the Acanthizidae or, as a subfamily, Dasyornithinae, along with the Acanthizinae and Pardalotinae, within an expanded Pardalotidae, before being elevated to full family level by Christidis & Boles (2008).
Dasyornis Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 è un genere di uccelli passeriformi, l'unico ascritto alla famiglia Dasyornithidae Sibley & Ahlquist, 1985[1].
Il nome scientifico del genere, Dasyornis, deriva dall'unione delle parole greche δασυς (dasys/dasus, "peloso") e ορνις (ornis, "uccello"), col significato di "uccello peloso", in riferimento alla conformazione del piumaggio.
Si tratta di uccelli di piccole dimensioni (17–25 cm), dall'aspetto massiccio e paffuto, muniti di testa squadrata che sembra incassata direttamente nel torso, becco corto, conico e appuntito, ali corte e arrotondate, zampe forti e allungate e coda piuttosto lunga e dall'estremità arrotondata: caratteristica di questi uccelli è la presenza di vibrisse alla base del becco.
Il piumaggio, dal caratteristico aspetto sfilacciato, è piuttosto sobrio e si presenta dominato dai toni del bruno dorsalmente e dal grigio-brunastro ventralmente, con gola generalmente bianca.
Il genere comprende specie diurne e solitarie, che passano la maggior parte del proprio tempo al suolo (pur essendo in grado di volare per brevi distanze alla bisogna) alla ricerca di cibo, costituito sia da insetti ed altri piccoli animali che da semi, bacche ed altro materiale vegetale.
Si tratta di uccelli monogami, nei quali la femmina si occupa di costruire il nido (di forma globosa, costruito fra i rami bassi dei cespugli) e della cova delle 2-3 uova, mentre il maschio s'incarica di difendere il territorio e di nutrire la compagna ed i nidiacei (in collaborazione con essa) fino alla loro indipendenza.
La famiglia è endemica dell'Australia, della quale le tre specie abitano con areali limitati e molto frammentati la costa orientale, la costa sud-orientale e la punta sud-occidentale, popolando le aree di macchia ed in generale le zone a densa copertura cespugliosa.
Al genere vengono ascritte tre specie[1]:
In passato ascritte fra gli Acanthizidae col rango di sottofamiglia (Dasyornithinae), le tre specie sono in seguito risultate piuttosto isolate e distanti dalle altre (con l'uccello di macchia castano a rappresentare un clade basale[2]), venendo pertanto elevate nella tassonomia degli uccelli di Sibley-Ahlquist al rango di famiglia a sé stante[1], intermedia fra Maluridae e Pardalotidae[2].
Dasyornis Vigors & Horsfield, 1827 è un genere di uccelli passeriformi, l'unico ascritto alla famiglia Dasyornithidae Sibley & Ahlquist, 1985.
Dasyornis (borstelvogels) is een geslacht van vogels uit de familie Dasyornithidae. Het geslacht telt 3 soorten.[1] De naam is ontleend aan de vier of meer veertjes die als donkere "snorharen" aan de snavelbasis te zien zijn van dichtbij. Het zijn alle drie soorten met relatief lange, afgeronde staart en ronde vleugels die verborgen leven in dicht struikgewas en zelden over lange afstanden vliegen.
Dasyornis (borstelvogels) is een geslacht van vogels uit de familie Dasyornithidae. Het geslacht telt 3 soorten. De naam is ontleend aan de vier of meer veertjes die als donkere "snorharen" aan de snavelbasis te zien zijn van dichtbij. Het zijn alle drie soorten met relatief lange, afgeronde staart en ronde vleugels die verborgen leven in dicht struikgewas en zelden over lange afstanden vliegen.
Børstefuglar er tre artar av sporvefuglar i éi biologisk slekt, Dasyornis. Slekta er endemisk til Australia.[1] Dasyornis er no plassert i sin eigen familie Dasyornithidae.
Børstefuglar er langhala, stillesittande, bakkelevande fuglar. Dei varierer i lengd frå ca. 17 cm til 27 cm, med austbørstefugl som den minste, og sørbørstefugl som den største arten. Fargene i oversida av fjørdrakta er hovudsakleg gråleg med ulike nyansar av brunt, alt frå olivenfarge gjennom kastanje og raudbrun. Lysare strupe og undersida er markert med bleike markeringar.[2] Populærversjonen av familienamnet kjem av dei framtredande fjørbustene rundt nebbet.[3]
Generelt er leveområdet for børstefuglar avgrensa, og ofte usamanhengande område langs kysten av sørvestlege og søraustlege Australia der det er eit middelhavsklima og eigna habitat i kystnære krattskog, lyngheier og tett undervegetasjon i skog.[3]
Børstefuglar er generelt atterhaldne, dagaktive fuglar som skjuler seg i tett vegetasjon.[1] Fortrinnsvis vil dei springe for å unngå fare, men er òg i stand til å flyge korte avstandar. Dei opptrer vanlegvis i par, men den sosiale strukturen har ikkje undersøkt nøye. Dei er oftare høyrt enn sett, sjølv om det vanlegvis berre er hannen som syng. Songen er høglydt, melodiøs , ein trur songen har natur av å markere territorium. Hannen sit ofte på ein stokk eller busk slik at songen ber over større avstandar.
Mesteparten av maten er plukkar dei på bakken. Fuglar beitar i par, gjere med korte kallerop til å halde kontakten, og stadig flikring med halen medan dei flyttar seg. Den største delen av dietten består av insekt og frø. Edderkoppar og ormar blir òg tatt, og fuglar har vorte observert i å drikke nektar.
Hekkeåtferda åt børstefuglar er dårleg kjent. Ein trur dei stort sett er monogame og forsvarar eit territorium mot andre av same art. Hoa byggjer reiret i låg vegetasjon. Reiret er oval- og kuppelforma med ein sideinngang. Ho legg to egg. Såg langt det er kjent er det berre hoa som rugar, rugetida er mellom 16-21 dagar. Ungar treng 18-21 dagar til å bli sjølvstendige.
Børstefuglar er sårbare for tap av habitat. Bortsett frå den austlege underarten av sørbørstefugl, som enno er moderat vanleg innanfor dei avgrensa områda sine, har populasjonane gått ned og vorte fragmenterte, og fuglane har vorte sjeldne. Den vestlege underarten av sørbørstefugl er truleg utdøydd.[3][2][5]
Børstefuglar er tre artar av sporvefuglar i éi biologisk slekt, Dasyornis. Slekta er endemisk til Australia. Dasyornis er no plassert i sin eigen familie Dasyornithidae.
Dasyornis Vigors & Horsfield, 1827
Щетинкоклювки[1] (лат. Dasyornis) — род певчих птиц из монотипического семейства Dasyornithidae[2]. Включает 3 вида, все эндемики юго-западной и юго-восточной Австралии[3].
Длина тела от 17 до 27 см. Оперение серое, с оттенками коричневого цвета[4]. Обитают в прибрежных кустарниках. Это скрытные и пугливые птицы, образ жизни которых изучен мало[5]. Питаются в основном мелкими беспозвоночными. Большую часть времени птицы проводят, передвигаясь или прыгая по земле между низкорослыми растениями и пучками травы. Присутствие птиц можно установить по мелодичному пению. В кладке два яйца.
На август 2018 года в род включают 3 вида[2][1]:
Это заготовка статьи по орнитологии. Вы можете помочь проекту, дополнив её. Щетинкоклювки (лат. Dasyornis) — род певчих птиц из монотипического семейства Dasyornithidae. Включает 3 вида, все эндемики юго-западной и юго-восточной Австралии.
Длина тела от 17 до 27 см. Оперение серое, с оттенками коричневого цвета. Обитают в прибрежных кустарниках. Это скрытные и пугливые птицы, образ жизни которых изучен мало. Питаются в основном мелкими беспозвоночными. Большую часть времени птицы проводят, передвигаясь или прыгая по земле между низкорослыми растениями и пучками травы. Присутствие птиц можно установить по мелодичному пению. В кладке два яйца.
3種
ヒゲムシクイ属（ヒゲムシクイぞく、学名 Dasyornis）は、鳥類スズメ目ヒゲムシクイ科 Dasyornithidae の唯一の属である。
狭義のムシクイ、つまりウグイス上科メボソムシクイ科メボソムシクイ属（ムシクイ属）Phylloscopus とは特に近縁ではない。
ミツスイ上科の中でオーストラリアムシクイ科の次に分岐し、ミツスイ科+ホウセキドリ科+トゲハシムシクイ科と姉妹群である[1]。
ミツスイ上科ヒゲムシクイ科
Sibley分類ではトゲハムシクイ科と共にホウセキドリ科に含められ、ヒゲムシクイ科はヒゲムシクイ亜科 Dasyornithinae となったが、トゲハムシクイ科・ホウセキドリ科とは系統的にやや離れている。
3種が属す[2]。
この項目は、鳥類に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（ポータル鳥類 - PJ鳥類）。 ヒゲムシクイ属（ヒゲムシクイぞく、学名 Dasyornis）は、鳥類スズメ目ヒゲムシクイ科 Dasyornithidae の唯一の属である。
狭義のムシクイ、つまりウグイス上科メボソムシクイ科メボソムシクイ属（ムシクイ属）Phylloscopus とは特に近縁ではない。
수염솔새류(bristlebirds)는 참새목 수염솔새과(Dasyornithidae)에 속하는 조류의 총칭이다. 유일속 수염솔새속(Dasyornis)에 3종을 포함하고 있다. 오스트레일리아의 토착종이다.[1] 한때는 수염솔새속(Dasyornis)을 오스트레일리아솔새과(Acanthizidae)로 분류하거나 오스트레일리아솔새아과(Acanthizinae)와 보석새아과(Pardalotinae)와 함께, 확장된 보석새과(Pardalotidae)의 하위 아과인 수염솔새아과(Dasyornithinae)로 분류하기도 했다. 이후 2008년에 크리스티디스(Christidis)와 볼스(Boles)가 별도의 과로 승격하여 분류했다.[2][3]
아래는 1999년 쇼데(Schodde)와 메이슨(Mason)이 채택한 분류이다.[4] 로 종 보전 상태를 포함하고 있다.
다음은 2019년 올리버로스(Oliveros) 등의 연구에 의한 명금류의 계통 분류이다.[5]
참새아목수염솔새류(bristlebirds)는 참새목 수염솔새과(Dasyornithidae)에 속하는 조류의 총칭이다. 유일속 수염솔새속(Dasyornis)에 3종을 포함하고 있다. 오스트레일리아의 토착종이다. 한때는 수염솔새속(Dasyornis)을 오스트레일리아솔새과(Acanthizidae)로 분류하거나 오스트레일리아솔새아과(Acanthizinae)와 보석새아과(Pardalotinae)와 함께, 확장된 보석새과(Pardalotidae)의 하위 아과인 수염솔새아과(Dasyornithinae)로 분류하기도 했다. 이후 2008년에 크리스티디스(Christidis)와 볼스(Boles)가 별도의 과로 승격하여 분류했다.
