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Common Names ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
Texas persimmon
Mexican persimmon
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Description ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: dioecious, fruit, sclerophyllous, tree

Texas persimmon is a small, native, dioecious tree with smooth, peeling
bark [30,41].  Texas persimmon leaves are generally deciduous at the
northern edge of its range but become persistent further south [33].
Texas persimmon generally grows to about 10 feet (3 m) in height, but
may grow to 40 feet (12 m) on good sites [33].  The three- to
eight-seeded fruit is about 0.8 inches (2 cm) in diameter [30,41].

Several characteristics enable Texas persimmon to survive in semiarid
environments.  The broad upwardly inclined leaves and smooth bark with
low water retention serve to funnel rainwater down the stems.  Stemflow
volume of Texas persimmon is 5.6 percent of the total precipitation over
the crown of the tree [29].  In addition, the leaves are sclerophyllous
and drought deciduous [45].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Distribution ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
Texas persimmon is endemic to southern and central Texas and northern
Mexico.  In Texas, it occurs in the Rio Grande Plains, Edwards Plateau,
and the southeastern corner of the Trans-Pecos region.  In Mexico, Texas
persimmon occurs in the northern portions of Neuvo Leon, Coahuila, and
Tamaulipas [25,30,33,34].  It may also occur in the extreme northeastern
corner of Chihuahua [25].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Ecology ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: fire frequency, fire regime, frequency, seed

It is likely that Texas persimmon cannot persist in communities with
high fire frequency.  However, the sprouting ability of Texas persimmon
enables it to survive occasional fire.

Texas persimmon historically occurred in areas such as lowlands,
floodplains, and arroyos, which did not experience fire as frequently as
the upland prairies.  As fire frequency in the prairies was reduced
during the past century, Texas persimmon expanded into the uplands with
other woody species.  Drought, overgrazing, and seed dispersal by
livestock which range further into uplands due to artificial watering
holes also enhanced the spread of woody species onto grasslands.
However, the reduced frequency of prairie fires played a major role in
upsetting the equilibrium between grass and brush [7,46].

FIRE REGIMES :
Find fire regime information for the plant communities in which this
species may occur by entering the species name in the FEIS home page under
"Find FIRE REGIMES".
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Management Considerations ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: fire management, forest, frequency, fuel, fuel moisture, graminoid, herbaceous, root crown, severity, shrub, shrubs, top-kill

Managers use fire in combination with mechanical methods to control and
remove brush from grasslands.  On a loam prairie site in Goliad County,
Texas persimmon decreased as much as 68 percent with mechanical
treatment combinations followed by 2 consecutive years of August fires.
Treatment combinations included roller chopping followed by 2
consecutive years of shredding, and roller chopping, shredding, and
herbicide spraying while shredding [15].

On the Welder Wildlife Refuge in southern Texas, mechanical brush
removal treatments followed by fall fire 2 years later was applied to a
chaparral-bristlegrass community.  Fires were more effective at brush
control if the area had been pretreated with mechanical brush removal.
Plots with mechanical removal (chopped, scalped with a bulldozer, or
shredded with a rotary mower) burned uniformly because of available
fuel.  In plots with no mechanical pretreatment, fire carried in the
grass and into small brush clumps, but large brush mottes remained
unburned.  On burned plots, 10 percent of Texas persimmon, mostly small
plants, were completely killed; the remainder were top-killed but
sprouted from the root crown.  At postfire year 1, Texas persimmon
average percent frequency for unburned (but mechanically treated) plots
was 19 percent and for pretreated burned plots was 10 percent [8].


FIRE CASE STUDY
SPECIES: Diospyros texana
FIRE CASE STUDY CITATION :
Carey, Jennifer H., compiler. 1994. Fire temperatures and the effect of burning on
Texas persimmon on the Welder Wildlife Refuge, south Texas. In: Diospyros
texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences
Laboratory (Producer). Available: https://www.fs.fed.us
/database/feis/ [
var months = new Array(12);
months[0] = "January";
months[1] = "February";
months[2] = "March";
months[3] = "April";
months[4] = "May";
months[5] = "June";
months[6] = "July";
months[7] = "August";
months[8] = "September";
months[9] = "October";
months[10] = "November";
months[11] = "December";
var date = new Date();
var year = date.getFullYear();
var month = date.getMonth();
var day = date.getDate();
document.write(year+", "+months[month]+" "+day);
].

REFERENCE :
White, Richard S. 1969. Fire temperatures and the effect of burning on
south Texas brush communities. Lubbock, TX: Texas Technological College.
74 p. Thesis. [46].

SEASON/SEVERITY CLASSIFICATION :
Spring/variable severity


STUDY LOCATION :
The study was conducted on the Welder Wildlife Refuge in San Patricio
County, Texas, about 20 miles (32 km) north of Corpus Christi.


PREFIRE VEGETATIVE COMMUNITY :
Two plant communities are present in the study area:
chaparral-bristlegrass (Setaria spp.) and honey mesquite (Prosopis
glandulosa var. glandulosa)-buffalograss (Buchloe dactyloides).
Collectively, these communities are dominated by leguminous shrubs
interspersed with grasses.  Honey mesquite and huisache (Acacia
farnesiana) dominate the shrub layer, and seacoast bluestem
(Schizachyrium scoparium var. littoralis) is the most abundant
graminoid.


TARGET SPECIES PHENOLOGICAL STATE :
At the time of the fire, Texas persimmon (Diospyros texana) was
semidormant.  A few old leaves were present on some plants.  Two weeks
after the fire, leaf buds began to open on unburned plots.


SITE DESCRIPTION :
The study is located on the Gulf Coastal Plain so presumably the
topography is flat or rolling.  The soil is a clay in the Vertisols
order.  The climate is subtropical; rainfall averages 30 inches (760 mm)
a year.



FIRE DESCRIPTION :
The 10-acre (4 ha) study site was divided into four subplots; one was
burned on March 8 and the remaining three on March 12.  Fire weather and
site conditions for the March 8 fire were as follows:  air temperature
60 degrees Fahrenheit (16 deg C), relative humidity 90 percent, wind
velocity 10 miles per hour (16 k/h), soil moisture 40 percent, and
herbaceous fuel moisture 9 percent.  Conditions for the March 12 fire
were as follows:  air temperature 55 degrees Fahrenheit (13 deg C),
relative humidity 45 percent, wind velocity 20 to 30 miles per hour
(32-48 k/h), soil moisture 37 percent, and herbaceous fuel moisture 7
percent.  Both fires were wind driven.  The March 12 fire was hotter
than the March 8 fire primarily because of lower humidity and higher
wind velocity.
 
Forty to fifty percent of the study site did not burn.  Fire carried
well through the tall seacoast bluestem but burned poorly in areas
dominated by shorter grasses.  Surface temperatures during the fires
were extremely variable.  Maximum surface temperatures ranged from 480
to 1,350 degrees Fahrenheit (249-732 deg C).  Temperature showed a weak
(P less than 0.10) correlation with fuel quantity.  Flame height was about 7 feet
(2.1 m) on March 8 and 8 feet (2.4 m) on March 12.


FIRE EFFECTS ON TARGET SPECIES :
Although 50 Texas persimmon plants were originally tagged for postfire
study, only 17 plants were analyzed because of incomplete burning.
Percent partial and complete top-kill of Texas persimmon at different
fuel loads follows:

           Fuel         Partial Top-kill Complete Top-kill
        (lbs/acre)         (percent)                (percent)

          0-2,000              67                       33
        2,000-4,000            25                       75
          > 4,000               0                      100

Regardless of fuel load, no Texas persimmon was completely killed.

Fire damage to Texas persimmon was inversely related to its size when
fuel loads were less than 2,000 lbs per acre.  Of six individuals less
than 1 inch (2.5 cm) in basal diameter, three individuals were partially
top-killed and three were completely top-killed.  Of six individuals
greater than 1 inch (2.5 cm) in basal diameter, five were partially
top-killed and only one was completely top-killed.


FIRE MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS :
Spring fire was effective at top-killing Texas persimmon, but did not
result in mortality.  For useful brush control, fire must be applied a
number of times over a period of years.  To achieve maximum results,
fire should be prescribed when the plants are young and the fuel load is
high.
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Fire Management Implications ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: fuel

Spring fire was effective at top-killing Texas persimmon, but did not
result in mortality.  For useful brush control, fire must be applied a
number of times over a period of years.  To achieve maximum results,
fire should be prescribed when the plants are young and the fuel load is
high.

Growth Form (according to Raunkiær Life-form classification) ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the term: phanerophyte

  
   Phanerophyte
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat characteristics ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
Texas persimmon occurs on semiarid sites including rocky north slopes,
arroyos, ravines, and upper floodplain terraces [30,41].  In drier
regions, it is confined to canyon sites [10].  Texas persimmon grows on
a variety of soil types including calcareous soils [30,41], clays, and
fine sandy loams [2,7].  It occurs from 1,100 to 5,700 feet (300-1,700 m)
elevation [30].

The climate in southern Texas and northern Mexico is subtropical with
warm winters and hot humid summers.  Rainfall is bimodal, peaking in the
spring and fall [2].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Cover Types ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following cover types (as classified by the Society of American Foresters):

    68  Mesquite
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Ecosystem ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in the following ecosystem types (as named by the U.S. Forest Service in their Forest and Range Ecosystem [FRES] Type classification):

   FRES15  Oak - hickory
   FRES32  Texas savanna
   FRES33  Southwestern shrubsteppe
   FRES38  Plains grasslands
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Habitat: Plant Associations ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

This species is known to occur in association with the following plant community types (as classified by Küchler 1964):

   K060  Mesquite savanna
   K061  Mesquite - acacia savanna
   K062  Mesquite - live oak savanna
   K085  Mesquite - buffalograss
   K086  Juniper - oak savanna
   K087  Mesquite - oak savanna
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Immediate Effect of Fire ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: fuel, top-kill

Fire top-kills mature Texas persimmon.  A greater fuel load results in
more top-kill, especially in individuals less than 1 inch (2.5 cm) basal
diameter [46].  Fire may completely kill Texas persimmon, especially
smaller individuals [8].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Importance to Livestock and Wildlife ( englanti )

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More info for the terms: cover, fruit

Wildlife use Texas persimmon for food, shelter, and cover.  Coyote,
raccoon, ringtail, foxes, and other mammals and birds eat the fruit
[1,14].  Spanish goats consume large amounts of Texas persimmon foliage
[22].  White-tailed deer browse the foliage lightly [11,19].

In brushy habitats Texas persimmon and other woody species form a tall
overlapping canopy which produces thermal, hiding, and escape cover for
white-tailed deer [47].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Key Plant Community Associations ( englanti )

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More info for the terms: association, codominant, grassland, shrubland, woodland

Texas persimmon is a common component in many mature riparian and woody
upland communities [40].  On floodplain terraces Texas persimmon is a
characteristic component of riparian forests which are dominated or
codominated by live oak (Quercus virginiana), netleaf hackberry (Celtis
reticulata), sugarberry (C. laevigata), pecan (Carya illinoensis),
cedar-elm (Ulmus crassifolia), western soapberry (Sapindus saponaria
var. drummondii), great leucaena (Leucaena pulverulenta), and ash
(Fraxinus spp.) [13,36,43,48,49].  Associate understory species include
granjeno (Celtis pallida), huisache (Acacia farnesiana), and lime
pricklyash (Zanthoxylum fagara) [27,43].

In the Cedar Breaks region of the Edwards Plateau, Texas persimmon
occurs in scrub evergreen forests with Ashe juniper (Juniperus ashei),
mescalbean sophora (Sophora secundiflora), and Texas live oak (Quercus
virginiana var. fusiformis) [39].

In invading thorn woodlands on former grassland sites, Texas persimmon
occurs with Texas prickly pear (Opuntia lindheimeri), lime pricklyash,
granjeno, lotebush (Condalia obovata), agarito (Mahonia trifoliolata),
and blackbrush acacia (Acacia rigidula) [3,7,15].  On the Rio Grande
Plains, Texas persimmon occurs in a honey mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa
var. glandulosa)-mixed brush shrubland community and in a honey
mesquite/bristlegrass (Setaria spp.)/forb woodland [17].

Texas persimmon may become codominant in the netleaf hackberry-huisache
association and the honey mesquite-granjeno association [27].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Life Form ( englanti )

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More info for the term: tree

Tree
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Management considerations ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the terms: fire frequency, frequency, prescribed fire, seed

Texas persimmon is one of many woody species that has contributed to
brush problems on Texas rangeland.  With overgrazing, drought, increased
seed dispersal, and decreased fire frequency, woody species have
expanded from lowlands onto uplands.  Managers are concerned with the
corresponding decrease in grass forage and are experimenting with
methods for controlling brush [9].

Double chaining is an effective means of opening up dense stands of
scrub oak (Quercus spp.)-juniper (Juniperus spp.) communities which
contain Texas persimmon.  In a study on the Edwards Plateau, brush
canopy was 80 percent lower on treated than untreated brush stands 1
year after double chaining [32].  Mechanical brush removal followed by
prescribed fire is the most effective brush control method (See FIRE
MANAGEMENT) [8,9].

Texas persimmon is generally resistant to herbicides.  Texas persimmon
was only slightly susceptible to soil application of picloram pellets
[23].  Canopy reductions of Texas persimmon after aerial application of
picloram and 2,4,5,-T are described [6].

Spanish goats can be used to control brush.  Optimum goat stocking
densities and management are described [22].

Bryant and Kothmann [12] estimated Texas persimmon browse biomass using
regression equations with crown volume and weight relationships.
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Nutritional Value ( englanti )

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Dry-weight Texas persimmon browse averages 14 percent protein, 0.25
percent phosphorus, 1.55 percent potassium, 2.46 percent calcium, 0.64
percent magnesium, and 0.08 percent sodium [19].  The browse has medium
food value for white-tailed deer [11].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Occurrence in North America ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
     TX  MEXICO
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Other uses and values ( englanti )

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More info for the term: fruit

Texas persimmon fruit is edible and used in puddings and custards.  The
fruit pulp produces an indelible black stain.  Mexicans use it to dye
animal hides [30,34,41].

Texas persimmon is used for landscaping [33].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Palatability ( englanti )

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Texas persimmon browse is of low preference to white-tailed deer [4].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Phenology ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

Texas persimmon flowers from February to June [30].  Fruits mature in
August and September [38].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Plant Response to Fire ( englanti )

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More info for the term: root crown

Texas persimmon sprouts from the root crown when top-killed by fire
[8,16].  One year after fire in a chaparral-mixed grass community in the
Welder Wildlife Refuge, surviving Texas persimmon had sprouted and was
growing vigorously [16].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Post-fire Regeneration ( englanti )

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More info for the term: tree

   Tree with adventitious-bud root crown/soboliferous species root sucker
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regeneration Processes ( englanti )

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More info for the terms: cover, fruit, scarification, seed

Texas persimmon regenerates by vegetative reproduction and seed.

Five- to six-year-old individuals may begin producing fruit [33].  The
seeds are dispersed by animals.  In a study on the Edwards Plateau, more
than 90 percent of carnivore feces collected between September and
November contained Texas persimmon seeds.  The study did not include
data on herbivores.  Seeds are not destroyed by mastication or
digestion [14].

Texas persimmon seeds washed free of fruit pulp germinate readily, but
seeds covered with intact fruit do not.  The fruit apparently contains
an inhibitor.  Texas persimmon fruit pulp inhibited the root growth of
germinating honey mesquite [28].

Texas persimmon seeds are nondormant.  Laboratory acid treatments are
detrimental to germination [18,38,42].  Seeds germinate anytime that
soils are moist.  In wet years fall germination is followed by slow
winter growth and increased growth in the spring.  In dry years seeds
do not germinate until the next wet season, usually the following spring
[38].  Viability is not reduced after 2 years in storage [18].

Germination rates are generally high (50-90%) [18,38,42].  Germination
rates in excess of 90 percent occur when temperatures are between 68 and
86 degrees Fahrenheit (20 and 30 deg C), but rates drop considerably at
lower temperatures.  Germination occurs equally well in light and dark
conditions [18].  The germination rate after scarification with coarse
sandpaper for 2 minutes was 77 percent, higher than the unscarified
control seeds at 55 percent [42].

Seedlings are not dependent on soil cover for establishment, but highest
emergence (73%) and 60-day height growth [8.2 inches (20.8 cm)]
occurred when seeds were covered with 0.4 inch (1 cm) of soil.  Soil
depths of 0.8 to 2.8 inches (2-7 cm) did not severely restrict emergence
and height growth [18].

Texas persimmon grows slowly; it reaches 2.0 to 3.6 feet (0.6-1.1 m) in
height after 5 years [44].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Regional Distribution in the Western United States ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

This species can be found in the following regions of the western United States (according to the Bureau of Land Management classification of Physiographic Regions of the western United States):

   13  Rocky Mountain Piedmont
   14  Great Plains
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Season/Severity Classification ( englanti )

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Spring/variable severity

Site Description ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
The study is located on the Gulf Coastal Plain so presumably the
topography is flat or rolling.  The soil is a clay in the Vertisols
order.  The climate is subtropical; rainfall averages 30 inches (760 mm)
a year.

Successional Status ( englanti )

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More info on this topic.

More info for the terms: cover, frequency

Facultative Seral Species

Texas persimmon is shade tolerant [38].  It is an important species in
mature woodlands [39].  Seedlings grow as well in 50 percent shade as in
full sunlight [38].  There are 150 to 700 Texas persimmon per hectare in
deciduous and evergreen woodlands in the southeastern portion of the
Edwards Plateau.  About 80 percent are between 0.4 and 2.0 inches (1-5
cm) in diameter at ground level, indicating recent recruitment into the
population or suppressed growth [38,39,40].

During the past century brush has invaded the savannas and grasslands of
Texas; woody cover increased an estimated 16 to 36 percent between 1941
and 1983.  Honey mesquite generally invades first, then serves as a
focus for wildlife which disseminate the seeds of other woody species.
Clusters of brush develop and stabilize.  Texas persimmon attains 50
percent frequency in brush clusters that are 86 to 118 square feet (8-11
sq m) about 30 to 40 years after the initial honey mesquite invasion.
Texas persimmon occurs frequently in brush clusters that contain at
least four to six woody species [2,3].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Taxonomy ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
The currently accepted scientific name for Texas persimmon is Diospyros
texana Scheele (Ebenaceae) [25,30,33,34]. There are no currently
accepted infrataxa.
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Value for rehabilitation of disturbed sites ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
More info for the term: reclamation

Container-grown Texas persimmon was planted with other native species on
a borrow pit reclamation site in central Texas.  The exposed subsoil and
sandstone was covered with 4 to 6 inches (10-15 cm) of topsoil before
planting.  Eighty percent of the woody transplants survived the first
summer and winter [26].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Wood Products Value ( englanti )

tarjonnut Fire Effects Information System Plants
Texas persimmon wood is black, hard, and heavy.  It takes a high polish
and is used for tools, engraving blocks, and art work [30,34,41].
lisenssi
cc-publicdomain
bibliografinen lainaus
Carey, Jennifer H. 1994. Diospyros texana. In: Fire Effects Information System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). Available: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/

Diospyros texana ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

Diospyros texana is a species of persimmon that is native to central, south and west Texas and southwest Oklahoma in the United States, and eastern Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas in northeastern Mexico. Common names include Texas persimmon, Mexican persimmon and the more ambiguous "black persimmon".[1] It is known in Spanish as chapote, chapote manzano, or chapote prieto,[2] all of which are derived from the Nahuatl word tzapotl. That word also refers to several other fruit-bearing trees.[3]

Description

The seeds, leaves, bark, ripe, and unripe fruit of the persimmon.

Diospyros texana is a multi-trunked small tree or large shrub[2] with a lifespan of 30 to 50 years.[4] It usually grows to 3 m (9.8 ft) in height, but can reach 12 m (39 ft) on good sites.[5] The bark is smooth and light reddish gray[6] and peels away from mature trees to reveal shades of pink, white, and gray on the trunk.[7]

Leaves

The sclerophyllus leaves[5] are obovate, dark green, 2–5 cm (0.79–1.97 in) long and 1–3 cm (0.39–1.18 in) wide. Apexes are obtuse to emarginate. Upper surfaces are glossy while lower surfaces are covered in fine hairs and lack basilaminar glands. Leaves are attached to 0.1–0.5 cm (0.039–0.197 in) petioles.[6] Trees are deciduous in the north of their range and become evergreen further south.[5]

Flowers

Diospyros texana is dioecious (separate male and female trees) and produces flowers starting in March or April. The flowers are white, urn shaped,[8] and 0.8–1.6 cm (0.31–0.63 in) wide. They have five sepals, five petals, 16 stamens, and four styles. Flowers are solitary or form on cymes of two to three.[6]

Fruit

The fruits of D. texana are black, subglobose berries with a diameter of 1.5–2.5 cm (0.59–0.98 in) that ripen in August.[6] Berries contain three to eight[9] light red, triangular seeds around 0.8 cm (0.31 in) in length.[6]

Habitat

Texas persimmon can be found at elevations from sea level to 1,800 m (5,900 ft).[6] It inhabits the Edwards Plateau[5] the Chihuahuan Desert,[2] the southern third of the Western Gulf coastal grasslands,[10] the Tamaulipan mezquital,[11] and the Tamaulipan matorral.[12][13] Throughout its range, D. texana favors riparian zones,[5] prairie margins, and rocky slopes.[6] It prefers well-drained, alkaline soils.[14]

Uses

The sapwood of Texas persimmon is clear yellow, while the heartwood, found only in very large trees, is black (ebony), like that of the related D. ebenum.[8] The heartwood is hard and dense and takes a high polish. It is used to make engraving blocks, artwork, and tools.[5] The fleshy berries are edible and sweet when ripe[8] and are used in puddings and custards; they are also relished by many species of birds and mammals. However, they are astringent when unripe.[15]

They were traditionally used by Native Americans to make a black dye for animal hides and are still used for this purpose in Mexico.[5] The small size, peeling bark, intricate branching, and drought tolerance of D. texana make it useful as an ornamental.[7]

Ecology

Diospyros texana is a host plant for the caterpillars of the grey hairstreak (Strymon melinus) and Henry's elfin (Callophrys henrici)[8]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Diospyros texana.
Wikispecies has information related to Diospyros texana.
  1. ^ a b "Diospyros texana". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  2. ^ a b c "Texas Persimmon (Diospyros texana)". Chihuahuan Desert Plants. University of Texas at El Paso. 2006-04-17. Retrieved 2009-11-24.
  3. ^ Watson, George (April 1938). "Nahuatl Words in American English". American Speech. 13 (2): 113–114. doi:10.2307/451954. JSTOR 451954.
  4. ^ Valley Proud Environmental Council (2003-11-19). "Tree Guide for the Rio Grande Valley of Texas" (PDF). Brownsville Public Utilities Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-08. Retrieved 2009-10-20.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Carey, Jennifer H. (1994). "Diospyros texana". Fire Effects Information System. United States Forest Service. Retrieved 2009-11-24.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "Diospyros texana Scheele". Flora of North America. eFloras.org. Retrieved 2009-11-27.
  7. ^ a b "Texas Persimmon, Mexican Persimmon, Black Persimmon, Chapote". Benny Simpson's Texas Native Trees. Texas A&M University. Retrieved 2009-11-21.
  8. ^ a b c d "Diospyros texana Scheele". Native Plant Information Network. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Retrieved 2009-11-29.
  9. ^ "Texas Persimmon Diospyros texana". Field Guides. eNature. Archived from the original on 2011-06-14. Retrieved 2009-11-27.
  10. ^ "Western Gulf Coastal grasslands". Terrestrial Ecoregions. World Wildlife Fund. Retrieved 2009-11-24.
  11. ^ NatureServe (2003). "Tamaulipan Thornscrub Ecoregion" (PDF). International Classification of Ecological Communities: Terrestrial Vegetation. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2009-11-25. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  12. ^ Hathcock, Chris (October 2008). "Uses of Native Plants Found at Parras de la Fuente" (PDF). The Sabal. Native Plant Project. 25 (7).
  13. ^ Pezo, Danilo; Muhammad Ibrahim (1998). Sistemas Silvopastoriles. Biblioteca Orton IICA/CATIE. ISBN 978-9977-57-301-4.
  14. ^ University of Texas: Diospyros texana
  15. ^ Little, Elbert L. (1980). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Eastern Region. New York: Knopf. p. 635. ISBN 0-394-50760-6.

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Diospyros texana: Brief Summary ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

Diospyros texana is a species of persimmon that is native to central, south and west Texas and southwest Oklahoma in the United States, and eastern Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, and Tamaulipas in northeastern Mexico. Common names include Texas persimmon, Mexican persimmon and the more ambiguous "black persimmon". It is known in Spanish as chapote, chapote manzano, or chapote prieto, all of which are derived from the Nahuatl word tzapotl. That word also refers to several other fruit-bearing trees.

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Diospyros texana ( kastilia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ES

Diospyros texana es una especie de planta fanerógama de la familia de las ebenáceas. Se conoce en español como chapote, chapote manzano, o chapote prieto.

Distribución

Es nativa del centro y el oeste de Texas y el suroeste de Oklahoma en el Estados Unidos y el este de Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León y Tamaulipas en el noreste de México.[2]​ Todas derivan de la palabra Nahuatl tzapotl. Esa palabra también se refiere a varios otros árboles frutales.[3]

Descripción

 src=
Las semillas, hojas, corteza, maduro, y la fruta no madura del caqui.
 src=
Vista de la planta

D. texana es un árbol pequeño o arbusto grande,[2]​ con una vida útil de 30 a 50 años.[4]​ Por lo general alcanza un tamaño de hasta 3 m de altura, pero puede alcanzar los 12 m en buenos sitios.[5]​ La corteza es de color gris claro rojizo suave,[6]​ y las cáscaras de distancia de los árboles maduros para revelar tonos de rosa, blanco, y gris en el tronco.[7]

Hojas

Las hojas esclerófilas[5]​ son obovadas, de color verde oscuro, de 2-5 cm de largo y 1-3 cm de ancho. Los ápices son obtusos a emarginados. Las superficies superiores son brillantes, mientras que las superficies inferiores están cubiertas de finos pelos y carecen de glándulas basilaminares. Las hojas están unidas a peciolos de 0,1-0,5 cm.[6]​ Los árboles son de hoja caduca en el norte de su área de distribución y se convierten en árboles de hoja perenne, más al sur.[5]

Flores

D. texana es dioica (árboles masculinos y femeninos separados) y produce flores a partir de marzo o abril. Las flores son de color blanco, en forma de urna,[8]​ y de 0,8 a 1,6 cm de ancho. Tienen cinco sépalos, cinco pétalos, 16 estambres y cuatro estilos. Las flores son solitarias o se forman en cimas de dos a tres.[6]

Fruto

El fruto de D. texana es una baya comestible, negra y subglobosa, con un diámetro de 1.5 a 2.5 cm que madura en agosto.[6]​ Las bayas contienen entre tres y ocho[9]​ semillas triangulares de color rojo claro, de alrededor de 0,8 cm de longitud.[6]

Hábitat

Se puede encontrar en elevaciones desde el nivel del mar hasta los 1.800 m de altura. Habita en la meseta de Edwards[5]​ el desierto de Chihuahua,[2]​ el tercio sur de las praderas costeras del Golfo occidental,[10]​ el mezquital tamaulipeco,[11]​ y el matorral tamaulipeco.[12][13]​ A lo largo de su área de distribución, D. texana favorece las zonas ribereñas, márgenes de praderas y laderas rocosas. Prefiere suelos bien drenados y alcalinos.[6][14]

Usos

Referente a la corteza y madera, la albura de Diospyros texana es de color amarillo claro, mientras que el duramen, que sólo se encuentra en los árboles muy grandes, es de color negro (ébano) como el de la relacionada Diospyros ebenum.[8]​ El duramen es duro, denso, y tiene un alto pulimento. Se utiliza para hacer bloques de grabado, obras de arte y herramientas.[5]

Las bayas carnosas son comestibles y dulces cuando maduran[8]​ y se utilizan en flanes y natillas; también las disfrutan muchas especies de aves y mamíferos. Fueron utilizados tradicionalmente por los nativos americanos para hacer un tinte negro para las pieles de animales y todavía se utilizan para este propósito en México.

El pequeño tamaño, la corteza pelada, ramificación intrincada, y la tolerancia a la sequía hace que D. texana sea igualmente útil como planta ornamental.[7]

Ecología

D. texana es una planta hospedera de las orugas de Strymon melinus y Callophrys henrici.[7]

Taxonomía

Diospyros texana fue descrito por Carl Wilhelm Scheele y publicado en Linnaea 22(2): 145–146. 1849.[15]

Etimología

texana: epíteto geográfico que alude a su localización en Texas.

Sinonimia
  • Brayodendron texanum (Scheele) Small
  • Diospyros cuneifolia Hiern
  • Diospyros mexicana Scheele ex Hiern[16][17]

Referencias

  1. «Diospyros texana Scheele». Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 26 de febrero de 1997. Archivado desde el original el 6 de junio de 2011. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2009.
  2. a b c «Texas Persimmon (Diospyros texana. Chihuahuan Desert Plants. University of Texas at El Paso. 17 de abril de 2006. Consultado el 24 de noviembre de 2009.
  3. Watson, George (abril de 1938). «Nahuatl Words in American English». American Speech 13 (2): 113-114. JSTOR 451954.
  4. Valley Proud Environmental Council (19 de noviembre de 2003). «Tree Guide for the Rio Grande Valley of Texas». Brownsville Public Utilities Board. Archivado desde el original el 8 de julio de 2011. Consultado el 20 de octubre de 2009.
  5. a b c d e Carey, Jennifer H. (1994). «Diospyros texana». Fire Effects Information System. United States Forest Service. Consultado el 24 de noviembre de 2009.
  6. a b c d e f «Diospyros texana Scheele». Flora of North America. eFloras.org. Consultado el 27 de noviembre de 2009.
  7. a b c «Texas Persimmon, Mexican Persimmon, Black Persimmon, Chapote». Benny Simpson's Texas Native Trees. Texas A&M University. Consultado el 21 de noviembre de 2009.
  8. a b c «Diospyros texana Scheele». Native Plant Information Network. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Consultado el 29 de noviembre de 2009.
  9. «Texas Persimmon Diospyros texana». Field Guides. eNature. Archivado desde el original el 14 de junio de 2011. Consultado el 27 de noviembre de 2009.
  10. Plantilla:WWF ecoregion
  11. NatureServe (2003). Tamaulipan Thornscrub Ecoregion (PDF). International Classification of Ecological Communities: Terrestrial Vegetation. Archivado desde el original el 24 de julio de 2011.
  12. Hathcock, Chris (octubre de 2008). «Uses of Native Plants Found at Parras de la Fuente» (PDF). The Sabal (Native Plant Project) 25 (7).
  13. Pezo, Danilo; Muhammad Ibrahim (1998). Sistemas Silvopastoriles. Biblioteca Orton IICA/CATIE. ISBN 978-9977-57-301-4.
  14. University of Texas: Diospyros texana
  15. «Diospyros texana». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 12 de julio de 2014.
  16. «Diospyros texana». The Plant List. Consultado el 12 de julio de 2014.
  17. «Diospyros texana». Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Consultado el 12 de julio de 2014.

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Diospyros texana: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ES

Diospyros texana es una especie de planta fanerógama de la familia de las ebenáceas. Se conoce en español como chapote, chapote manzano, o chapote prieto.

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Diospyros texana ( ranska )

tarjonnut wikipedia FR

Kaki du Texas, Kaki du Mexique, Kaki noir, Chapote

Diospyros texana est une espèce de kaki originaire du centre, du sud et de l'ouest du Texas, et du sud-ouest de l'Oklahoma pour les États-Unis, ainsi que de l'est du Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León et Tamaulipas dans le nord-est du Mexique. Les noms vernaculaires sont notamment le kaki du Texas, le kaki du Mexique et le kaki noir (en), plus ambigu[1]. Il est connu en espagnol sous les noms de chapote, chapote manzano, ou chapote prieto[3], qui dérivent tous du mot nahuatl « tzapotl ». Ce mot fait également référence à plusieurs autres arbres fruitiers[4].

Description

 src=
Les graines, feuilles, écorces, fruits mûrs et non mûrs du kaki du Texas.

Diospyros texana est un petit arbre ou un grand arbrisseau à tronc multiple[3] d'une durée de vie de 30 à 50 ans[5]. Il fait en général 3 m de haut, mais peut atteindre 12 m sur de bons sites[6]. L'écorce est lisse, d'un gris rougeâtre[7] pâle et se détache des arbres matures pour révéler des nuances de rose, de blanc et de gris sur le tronc[8].

Feuille

Les feuilles sclérophylles[6] sont obovales, vert foncé, de 2 à 5 cm de long et 1 à 3 cm de large. Les sommets sont obtus à échancrés. Les surfaces supérieures sont brillantes, tandis que les inférieures sont recouvertes de poils fins et dépourvues de glandes basilaminaires. Les feuilles sont attachées à des pétioles de 0,1 à 0,5 cm[7]. Les arbres sont caducs au nord de leur aire de répartition et deviennent persistants plus au sud[6].

Fleur

 src=
Anatomie simplifiée d'une fleur épanouie.

Diospyros texana est un arbre dioïque (arbres mâles et femelles séparés) qui produit des fleurs à partir de mars ou d'avril. Les fleurs sont blanches, en forme d'urne[9], et mesurent de 0,8 à 1,6 cm de large. Ils ont cinq sépales, cinq pétales, 16 étamines et quatre styles (en). Les fleurs sont solitaires ou se forment sur des cymes de deux à trois[7].

Fruit

Les fruits de D. texana sont des baies noires, sous-globulaires d'un diamètre de 1,5 à 2,5 cm qui mûrissent en août[7]. Elles contiennent de trois à huit[10] graines triangulaires rouge pâle d'environ 0,8 cm de long[7].

Liste des variétés

Selon Tropicos (2 janvier 2018)[11] :

  • variété Diospyros texana var. californica Brandegee
  • variété Diospyros texana var. texana

Habitat

Le kaki du Texas se retrouve à des altitudes allant du niveau de la mer à 1 800 m. Il habite le plateau d'Edwards[6], le désert de Chihuahua[3], le tiers sud des prairies côtières du golfe du Mexique[12], le mezquital de Tamaulipas[13] et le matorral de Tamaulipas (en)[14],[15]. Dans toute son aire de répartition, D. texana privilégie les zones ripariennes[6], les marges des prairies et les versants rocheux[7]. Il préfère les sols alcalins bien drainés[16].

Utilisations

L'aubier du kaki du Texas est jaune clair, tandis que le duramen, que l'on trouve uniquement dans les très grands arbres, est noir (ébène), comme celui de l'apparenté D. ebenum[9]. Le duramen est dur, dense, et nécessite un polissage important. Il est utilisé pour faire des blocs de gravure, des œuvres d'art et des outils[6]. Les baies charnues sont comestibles et sucrées lorsqu'elles sont mûres[9], et sont utilisées dans des puddings et des costardes ; elles sont également appréciées par de nombreuses espèces d'oiseaux et de mammifères. Ils étaient traditionnellement utilisés par les Amérindiens pour fabriquer une teinture (en) noire pour les peaux d'animaux et sont encore utilisés à cette fin au Mexique[6]. La petite taille, l'écorce écaillée, les ramifications complexes et la tolérance à la sécheresse de D. texana le rendent utile en tant que plante ornementale[8].

Écologie

Diospyros texana est un hôte pour les chenilles du porte-queue gris (Strymon melinus) et du lutin des bleuets (Callophrys henrici)[9].

Notes et références

  • (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé .
  1. a et b USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Plant Germplasm System. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN-Taxonomy). National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland., consulté le 2 janvier 2018
  2. a b c et d The Plant List (2013). Version 1.1. Published on the Internet; http://www.theplantlist.org/, consulté le 2 janvier 2018
  3. a b et c (en) « Texas Persimmon (Diospyros texana) », Chihuahuan Desert Plants, University of Texas at El Paso, 17 avril 2006 (consulté le 24 novembre 2009)
  4. (en) George Watson, « Nahuatl Words in American English », American Speech, vol. 13, no 2,‎ avril 1938, p. 113–114 (DOI , JSTOR )
  5. (en) Valley Proud Environmental Council, « Tree Guide for the Rio Grande Valley of Texas », Brownsville Public Utilities Board, 19 novembre 2003 (consulté le 20 octobre 2009)
  6. a b c d e f et g (en) Jennifer H. Carey, « Diospyros texana », Fire Effects Information System, United States Forest Service, 1994 (consulté le 24 novembre 2009)
  7. a b c d e et f (en) « Diospyros texana Scheele », Flora of North America, eFloras.org (consulté le 27 novembre 2009)
  8. a et b (en) « Texas Persimmon, Mexican Persimmon, Black Persimmon, Chapote », Benny Simpson's Texas Native Trees, Texas A&M University (consulté le 21 novembre 2009)
  9. a b c et d (en) « Diospyros texana Scheele », Native Plant Information Network, Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center (consulté le 29 novembre 2009)
  10. (en) « Texas Persimmon Diospyros texana », Field Guides, eNature (consulté le 27 novembre 2009)
  11. Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden., consulté le 2 janvier 2018
  12. (en) « Southern North America: Southern United States into northern Mexico | Ecoregions | WWF », sur World Wildlife Fund (consulté le 2 janvier 2018)
  13. (en) NatureServe, « Tamaulipan Thornscrub Ecoregion » [PDF], International Classification of Ecological Communities: Terrestrial Vegetation, 2003
  14. (en) Chris Hathcock, « Uses of Native Plants Found at Parras de la Fuente », Native Plant Project, vol. 25, no 7,‎ octobre 2008 (lire en ligne [PDF])
  15. Danilo Pezo et Muhammad Ibrahim, Sistemas Silvopastoriles, Biblioteca Orton IICA/CATIE, 1998, 258 p. (ISBN 978-9977-57-301-4, lire en ligne)
  16. (en) « Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - The University of Texas at Austin », sur www.wildflower.org (consulté le 2 janvier 2018)

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Diospyros texana: Brief Summary ( ranska )

tarjonnut wikipedia FR

Kaki du Texas, Kaki du Mexique, Kaki noir, Chapote

Diospyros texana est une espèce de kaki originaire du centre, du sud et de l'ouest du Texas, et du sud-ouest de l'Oklahoma pour les États-Unis, ainsi que de l'est du Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León et Tamaulipas dans le nord-est du Mexique. Les noms vernaculaires sont notamment le kaki du Texas, le kaki du Mexique et le kaki noir (en), plus ambigu. Il est connu en espagnol sous les noms de chapote, chapote manzano, ou chapote prieto, qui dérivent tous du mot nahuatl « tzapotl ». Ce mot fait également référence à plusieurs autres arbres fruitiers.

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Thị Texas ( vietnam )

tarjonnut wikipedia VI

Thị Texax (danh pháp hai phần: Diospyros texana) là một loài thực vật thuộc Chi Thị bản địa trung và tây Texas và tây nam OklahomaHoa Kỳ, và đông Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, và Tamaulipas ở đông bắc México. Tên gọi thông dụng trong tiếng Anh gồm Texas Persimmon, Mexican Persimmon"black persimmon".[1] Trong tiếng Tây Ban Nha nó có tên gọi Chapote, Chapote Manzano, hay Chapote Prieto,[2] tất cả đều có nguồn gốc từ một từ của Nahuatl tzapotl. Từ này đề cập đến nhiều loài cây có quả.[3] Chúng sinh sống trên các sườn núi đá khô cằn. Quả nhỏ hơn của cây thị châu Phi, được nhiều loài chim và thú ăn. Nó đã từng được người Mỹ bản địa dùng làm thuốc nhuộm để thuộc da.

Mô tả

Thị Texas là cây nhiều cành với tuổi thọ 30-50 năm.[4] Nó thường cao 3 m (9,8 ft) nhưng có thể cao đến 12 m (39 ft) on good sites.[5] Vỏ cây mịn, xám hơn đỏ nhẹ,[6] và vỏ cây trưởng thành tróc ra để lộ ra sắc thái của màu hồng, trắng, và màu xám trên thân cây.[7] D. texana là cây chủ của loài sâu bướm Strymon melinusCallophrys henrici[8]

Tham khảo

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Thị Texas  src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Thị Texas
  1. ^ a ă Diospyros texana Scheele”. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 26 tháng 2 năm 1997. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 11 năm 2009.
  2. ^ “Texas Persimmon (Diospyros texana)”. Chihuahuan Desert Plants. University of Texas at El Paso. 17 tháng 4 năm 2006. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 11 năm 2009.
  3. ^ Watson, George (tháng 4 năm 1938). “Nahuatl Words in American English”. American Speech 13 (2): 113–114. JSTOR 451954. Chú thích sử dụng tham số |month= bị phản đối (trợ giúp)
  4. ^ Valley Proud Environmental Council (19 tháng 11 năm 2003). “Tree Guide for the Rio Grande Valley of Texas” (PDF). Brownsville Public Utilities Board. Truy cập ngày 20 tháng 10 năm 2009.
  5. ^ Carey, Jennifer H. (1994). “Diospyros texana”. Fire Effects Information System. United States Forest Service. Truy cập ngày 24 tháng 11 năm 2009.
  6. ^ Diospyros texana Scheele”. Flora of North America. eFloras.org. Truy cập ngày 27 tháng 11 năm 2009.
  7. ^ “Texas Persimmon, Mexican Persimmon, Black Persimmon, Chapote”. Benny Simpson's Texas Native Trees. Texas A&M University. Truy cập ngày 21 tháng 11 năm 2009.
  8. ^ Diospyros texana Scheele”. Native Plant Information Network. Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center. Truy cập ngày 29 tháng 11 năm 2009.

Liên kết ngoài

  • “Diospyros texana” (PDF). Digital Representations of Tree Species Range Maps from "Atlas of United States Trees" by Elbert L. Little, Jr. (and other publications). United States Geological Survey.
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Thị Texas: Brief Summary ( vietnam )

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Thị Texax (danh pháp hai phần: Diospyros texana) là một loài thực vật thuộc Chi Thị bản địa trung và tây Texas và tây nam OklahomaHoa Kỳ, và đông Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo León, và Tamaulipas ở đông bắc México. Tên gọi thông dụng trong tiếng Anh gồm Texas Persimmon, Mexican Persimmon và "black persimmon". Trong tiếng Tây Ban Nha nó có tên gọi Chapote, Chapote Manzano, hay Chapote Prieto, tất cả đều có nguồn gốc từ một từ của Nahuatl tzapotl. Từ này đề cập đến nhiều loài cây có quả. Chúng sinh sống trên các sườn núi đá khô cằn. Quả nhỏ hơn của cây thị châu Phi, được nhiều loài chim và thú ăn. Nó đã từng được người Mỹ bản địa dùng làm thuốc nhuộm để thuộc da.

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텍사스감나무 ( Korea )

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텍사스감나무(Texas---, 학명: Diospyros texana 디오스피로스 텍사나[*])는 감나무과과일 나무(소교목 또는 큰 관목)이다.[2] 열매텍사스감의 하나이며, 또한 사포테라 불리는 과일의 하나로, 차포테(스페인어: chapote)라는 이름으로도 알려져 있다. 원산지는 미국텍사스주멕시코의 인접 지역이다.[3]

사진

각주

  1. Diospyros texana Scheele”. 《The Plant List》 (영어). 2012년 3월 23일. 2019년 5월 22일에 확인함.
  2. Scheele, George Heinrich Adolf. Linnaea 22(2): 145–146. 1849.
  3. Diospyros texana Scheele”. 《GRIN-Global Web v 1.10.4.0》 (영어). 1997년 2월 26일. 2019년 5월 22일에 확인함.
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