dcsimg

Biology ( englanti )

tarjonnut Arkive
The Chilean laurel flowers between October and November (2). The small, greenish-white flowers are borne on inflorescences of between 5 and 20 flowers, and are usually unisexual (containing either male or female reproductive organs), although both male and female flowers occur on the same tree (2) (4) (5). Fruiting takes places between January and February (2), the fruit consisting of a small, green, woody capsule, around 1.5 to 2.5 centimetres in length, containing a single seed. The seed of the Chilean laurel is oval or spindle-shaped, and covered in short hairs (2) (5).
lisenssi
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wildscreen
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
Arkive

Conservation ( englanti )

tarjonnut Arkive
There are no known conservation measures currently in place for the Chilean laurel. It is not thought to be globally threatened (1), but, especially considering its somewhat restricted distribution, the species may benefit from further monitoring to ensure it does not suffer too heavily from overexploitation in the future.
lisenssi
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wildscreen
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
Arkive

Description ( englanti )

tarjonnut Arkive
The Chilean laurel is a large, evergreen tree with smooth, pale bark that cracks with age, coming off in roughly circular plates (4) (5). Both the wood and the leaves are strongly aromatic (2) (4) (5). The bright green leaves of the Chilean laurel are arranged in opposite pairs, and are oblong in shape, narrowed at the base. The leaves are leathery in texture, shiny, and around 5 to 10 centimetres long and 2.5 to 5 centimetres wide (2) (4) (5). The gently serrated edges help distinguish this tree from the closely related Laurelia phillipiana, which has more deeply toothed leaf margins (6).
lisenssi
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wildscreen
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
Arkive

Habitat ( englanti )

tarjonnut Arkive
The Chilean laurel inhabits moist seasonal forest, preferring deep, moist soils (1) (2).
lisenssi
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wildscreen
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
Arkive

Range ( englanti )

tarjonnut Arkive
The Chilean laurel is endemic to Chile, where it is restricted to the centre of the country, from the region of O'Higgins south to Los Lagos (1) (6), at elevations of up to 700 metres (2).
lisenssi
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wildscreen
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
Arkive

Status ( englanti )

tarjonnut Arkive
Classified as Lower Risk / Near Threatened (LR/nt) on the IUCN Red List (1).
lisenssi
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wildscreen
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
Arkive

Threats ( englanti )

tarjonnut Arkive
The wood of the Chilean laurel is used as timber in construction, and the flowers, leaves and bark are used in traditional medicine to treat a range of conditions from colds to headaches (1) (2) (7). The species is also used to dye wool a greenish colour (2), and the fruits and seeds are reported to be used as a spice, known as Chilean nutmeg (8). As a result of these uses, the Chilean laurel may be under threat from overexploitation in the north of its range (1).
lisenssi
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wildscreen
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
Arkive

Distribution ( kastilia )

tarjonnut IABIN
VI, VII, VIII, IX, X
lisenssi
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Universidad de Santiago de Chile
tekijä
Pablo Gutierrez
kumppanisivusto
IABIN

Laurelia sempervirens ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

Laurelia sempervirens is a species of evergreen tree in the family Atherospermataceae (formerly Monimiaceae). Common names include Peruvian nutmeg,[3] tihue or trihue (from the Mapuche language), and Chilean laurel[4] or Chilean sassafras.

It is endemic to Chile, occurring at 34–41° south latitude. It requires a warm subtropical to tropical climate that is cool but also frost-free or with only very slight winter frosts not below −4 °C (25 °F), with high summer heat, rainfall and humidity. It grows best on well-drained, slightly acidic soils rich in organic matter. This is typical laurel forest habitat. However, the southern hemisphere genus Laurelia is not closely related to the laurels (Lauraceae), despite the similarity.

The tree is known as triwe in Huilliche and laurel in Spanish.[5] It is the ritual tree of the Huilliche people of Futahuillimapu.[5]

Description

The tihue is a large (up to 30 m (98 ft) tall and 2 m (6.6 ft) in diameter) evergreen tree with smooth, pale yellow bark. The bark cracks when ageing, coming off in roughly circular plates. The wood and the leaves are strongly aromatic. The bright green leaves are arranged in opposite pairs, and are oblong in shape, narrowed at the base. The leaves are leathery, shiny, 5–10 cm (2.0–3.9 in) long and 2.5–5 cm (0.98–1.97 in) wide. The serrated edges of the leaves help to distinguish this tree from the closely related Laureliopsis philippiana, which has more deeply toothed leaf margins.

The tihue bears bundles of small yellow unisexual flowers, both male and female on every tree (monoecious).[6] The fruit is a greenish achene with seeds bearing feathery anemophilous filaments. The seed is dispersed by the wind (anemochory).

Cultivation and uses

Its wood is pale yellow in colour, with a fine and homogeneous texture: the growth rings are not conspicuous. The tree is threatened by habitat loss. It has been introduced into Spain[7] and into Cornwall[8] and planted in Sussex[9] in the UK. The leaves of Laurelia sempervirens were used by Mapuche Amerindians for treating headache and as a diuretic.[10]

References

  1. ^ González, M. (1998). "Laurelia sempervirens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1998: e.T34847A9893929. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1998.RLTS.T34847A9893929.en. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  2. ^ "The Plant List".
  3. ^ "Laurelia sempervirens". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).
  4. ^ Mabberley, D.J. (1997). The plant book: A portable dictionary of the vascular plants. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521414210.
  5. ^ a b Rumian Cisterna, Salvador (2020-09-17). Gallito Catrilef: Colonialismo y defensa de la tierra en San Juan de la Costa a mediados del siglo XX (M.Sc. thesis) (in Spanish). University of Los Lagos.
  6. ^ Martínez-Laborde, Juan B. (1983). Revision de las Monimiaceae Austroamericanas. Parodiana 2(1): 1–24.
  7. ^ "Chilean plants cultivated in Spain" (PDF). José Manuel Sánchez de Lorenzo-Cáceres. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2009-03-20. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  8. ^ Trebah plant and tree inventory 2007, ISBN 0-9521952-1-6: The Trebah specimens of L. sempervirens are catalogued as TB141 and TB198. The latter had a girth of 1.63 metres and a height of 19.05 metres in 2007. There is also a mature specimen at Enys garden, labelled as a "Peruvian laurel". There are probably several other mature specimens in gardens in Cornwall.
  9. ^ "Half-hardy trees in Britain and Ireland - part two". Royal Horticultural Society. Archived from the original on March 11, 2013. Retrieved 2009-06-27.
  10. ^ Schmeda-Hirschmann, G.; Loyola, J. I.; Rodriguez, J.; Dutra-Behrens, M. (1994). "Hypotensive effect of Laurelia sempervirens (Monimiaceae) on normotensive rats". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wikipedia authors and editors
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia EN

Laurelia sempervirens: Brief Summary ( englanti )

tarjonnut wikipedia EN

Laurelia sempervirens is a species of evergreen tree in the family Atherospermataceae (formerly Monimiaceae). Common names include Peruvian nutmeg, tihue or trihue (from the Mapuche language), and Chilean laurel or Chilean sassafras.

It is endemic to Chile, occurring at 34–41° south latitude. It requires a warm subtropical to tropical climate that is cool but also frost-free or with only very slight winter frosts not below −4 °C (25 °F), with high summer heat, rainfall and humidity. It grows best on well-drained, slightly acidic soils rich in organic matter. This is typical laurel forest habitat. However, the southern hemisphere genus Laurelia is not closely related to the laurels (Lauraceae), despite the similarity.

The tree is known as triwe in Huilliche and laurel in Spanish. It is the ritual tree of the Huilliche people of Futahuillimapu.

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wikipedia authors and editors
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia EN

Laurelia sempervirens ( kastilia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ES

Laurelia sempervirens, el laurel chileno,[2]​ es un árbol endémico de Chile, y Argentina conocido en ese país simplemente como laurel, tihue o trihue. En Chile, solo se le encuentra desde la región de O'Higgins a la de Los Lagos, es decir, de los 34º a 41º latitud sur. En Argentina, se le encuentra en la misma latitud alrededor de los bosques cordilleranos del tipo valdiviano.

Latifoliada de hoja perenne, abundante en el bosque tipo valdiviano perennifolio.

Descripción

Es un árbol grande, que alcanza hasta 30 m de altura y 2 m de diámetro, de hoja perenne con corteza lisa, de color amarillo pálido. La corteza se agrieta cuando viene el envejecimiento, en placas más o menos circulares. La madera y las hojas son muy aromáticas. Las hojas de color verde brillante están dispuestas en pares opuestos, y son de forma oblonga, estrechadas en la base. Las hojas son coriáceas, brillantes, y de alrededor de 5 a 10 centímetros de largo y 2.5 a 5 centímetros. Los bordes dentados de las hojas ayudan a distinguir el árbol de la estrecha relación con Laureliopsis philippiana , que tiene más profundamente dentados los márgenes de las hojas. Lleva inflorescencias de pequeñas flores amarillas hermafroditas o unisexuales. El fruto es un aquenio verdoso con semillas que llevan plumas, lo cual hace que la semilla se disperse por el viento ( anemocoria ).

Usos y cultivo

 src=
Hojas de laurel chileno.

Es una especie amenazada debido a la destrucción de hábitat.

Su madera es de color amarillento pálido, con anillos de crecimiento poco notorios y textura fina y homogénea.

Sus partes utilizadas son la corteza, las hojas y las flores; las cuales se usan para tratar desde resfríos a enfermedades venéreas, dolores de cabeza, y como diurético.[3]

Para los huilliches, la rama meridional del pueblo mapuche, el laurel (triwe en su idioma) es una "planta sagrada" y la emplean para hacer los arcos del lepún, durante las visitas al Abuelito Huenteao y en otras ceremonias religiosas.

Ha sido introducido en España[4]​ y el Reino Unido.

Taxonomía

Laurelia sempervirens fue descrita por (Ruiz & Pav.) Tul y publicado en Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 8: 416 1856.[5]

Sinonimia
  • Laurelia aromatica Juss. ex Poir.
  • Laurelia serrata Bertero
  • Pavonia sempervirens Ruiz & Pav. (basónimo)
  • Thiga chilensis Mol.;
  • Atherosperma sempervirens (Ruiz et Pav.) Baill.[6]
  • Theyga chilensis[7]

Véase también

Referencias

  1. González, M. (1998). «Laurelia sempervirens». The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (en inglés). Consultado el 21 de septiembre de 2020.
  2. Nombre vulgar preferido en castellano, en Árboles: guía de campo; Johnson, Owen y More, David; traductor: Pijoan Rotger, Manuel, ed. Omega, 2006. ISBN 978-84-282-1400-1. Versión en español de la Collins Tree Guide.
  3. «Hierbas mapuches mas utilizadas herbolario mapuche Yerbas mapuches medicinales akenko failawen foldo foye triwe». 8 de junio de 2017. Archivado desde el original el 8 de junio de 2017. Consultado el 8 de junio de 2017.
  4. «Plantas de la flora de Chile cultivadas en España». José Manuel Sánchez de Lorenzo-Cáceres. Archivado desde el original el 20 de marzo de 2009. Consultado el 27 de junio de 2009.
  5. Laurelia sempervirens en Trópicos
  6. [1]
  7. Laurelia sempervirens en PlantList

Bibliografía

  1. Marticorena, C. & M. Quezada. 1985. Catálogo de la Flora Vascular de Chile. Gayana, Bot. 42: 1–157.
  2. Zuloaga, F. O. 1997. Catálogo de las plantas vasculares de la Argentina. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 74(1–2): 1–1331.
  3. Zuloaga, F. O., O. Morrone, M. J. Belgrano, C. Marticorena & E. Marchesi. (eds.) 2008. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares del Cono Sur (Argentina, Sur de Brasil, Chile, Paraguay y Uruguay). Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 107(1): i–xcvi, 1–983; 107(2): i–xx, 985–2286; 107(3): i–xxi, 2287–3348.

 title=
lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia ES

Laurelia sempervirens: Brief Summary ( kastilia )

tarjonnut wikipedia ES

Laurelia sempervirens, el laurel chileno,​ es un árbol endémico de Chile, y Argentina conocido en ese país simplemente como laurel, tihue o trihue. En Chile, solo se le encuentra desde la región de O'Higgins a la de Los Lagos, es decir, de los 34º a 41º latitud sur. En Argentina, se le encuentra en la misma latitud alrededor de los bosques cordilleranos del tipo valdiviano.

Latifoliada de hoja perenne, abundante en el bosque tipo valdiviano perennifolio.

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia ES

Laurelia sempervirens ( ranska )

tarjonnut wikipedia FR

Laurelia sempervirens, parfois appelé laurel, est un arbre natif du Chili. C’est un arbre à feuilles pérennes, abondant dans les bois de type valdivien toujours verts du sud du Chili.

Son bois est de couleur jaune pâle, avec des anneaux de croissance peu visibles. Sa texture est fine et homogène.

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia FR

Laurelia sempervirens ( vietnam )

tarjonnut wikipedia VI

Laurelia sempervirens là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Atherospermataceae. Loài này được Tul. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1856.[1]

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Laurelia sempervirens. Truy cập ngày 10 tháng 8 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Nguyệt quế này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia VI

Laurelia sempervirens: Brief Summary ( vietnam )

tarjonnut wikipedia VI

Laurelia sempervirens là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Atherospermataceae. Loài này được Tul. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1856.

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia VI

智利桂 ( kiina )

tarjonnut wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Laurelia sempervirens
(R. & P.) Tul.

智利桂香皮茶科中的一個物種,原生於智利南緯34至41度之間的地區。

參考資料


小作品圖示这是一篇與植物相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
 title=
lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
维基百科作者和编辑
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia 中文维基百科

智利桂: Brief Summary ( kiina )

tarjonnut wikipedia 中文维基百科

智利桂是香皮茶科中的一個物種,原生於智利南緯34至41度之間的地區。

lisenssi
cc-by-sa-3.0
tekijänoikeus
维基百科作者和编辑
alkuperäinen
käy lähteessä
kumppanisivusto
wikipedia 中文维基百科