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Yellowfin madtoms are capable of vision and hearing, but probably rely most heavily on touch and chemoreception. The barbels on the face are specialized for these senses, and are probably adaptations to a nocturnal and secretive lifestyle.
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; vibrations ; chemical
Noturus flavipinnis is listed as vulnerable on the IUCN Red list, and as threatened on the United States Endangered Species Act list.
US Federal List: threatened
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: vulnerable
The hatching size of Noturus flavipinnis larvae is approximately 8 mm standard length. The development times for the species are unknown, but they probably depend upon temperatures of the water. After one summer's growth, the young reach lengths of approximately 50 mm. Both sexes become reproductively mature in the third summer of their lives, when they have reached a length of approximately 100 mm. They will live to be 3 to 4 years old, and will probably only spawn twice in their lifetime.
As Noturus flavipinnis is a federally listed species, some local businesses or industries may be impacted by conservation laws.
Yellowfin madtoms are not economically important.
Yellowfin madtoms are benthic secondary consumers. They feed on primary consumers and provide prey for larger carnivores. They may have some effects on the bottom substrate within their home pools, although these are not well known.
Feeding by Noturus flavipinnis takes place mainly at night. It may, however, sometimes feed during the day. Its diet consists mostly of aquatic insect larvae, but crayfish may also be eaten. This species may exhibit some preferences in diet, but it is also an opportunistic feeder. It is also known to be a benthic feeder.
Animal Foods: insects; aquatic crustaceans
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore , Eats non-insect arthropods)
Noturus flavipinnis (yellowfin madtom) can be found only in the upper portion of the Tennessee River drainage, in the Powell River and Citico Creek in Tennessee, and in Copper Creek in Virginia. Before 1893, yellowfin madtom populations could also be found in North Fork Holston River in Virginia, Hines Creek in Tennessee, and Chickamauga Creek in Georgia.
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
Noturus flavipinnis inhabits pools and backwaters of streams, where it can find cover beneath tree roots, sunken leaves, brush piles, or bedrock ledges. Individuals can be found in shallow pools less than one meter deep, and are usually not found further down than two meters in deeper pools. The streams where Noturus flavipinnis can be found are clean, with little siltation. Spawning habitat may be in the cleaner substrate of quicker currents than their usual habitat.
Range depth: 2 (high) m.
Habitat Regions: temperate ; freshwater
Aquatic Biomes: benthic ; rivers and streams
Noturus flavipinnis has a typical lifespan of 3-4 years; the maximum reported age is 4 years.
Range lifespan
Status: wild: 4 (high) years.
Typical lifespan
Status: wild: 3 to 4 years.
Typical lifespan
Status: captivity: 3 to 4 years.
Noturus flavipinnis is a small member of the catfish family (Ictaluridae), with a maximum standard length of 115 mm. The dorsal area and fins have a yellowish tinge. There are dark blotches beneath the dorsal fin origin, behind the dorsal fin, and at the adipose fin base. The caudal fin base has a crescent-shaped dark bar crossing it, and the dorsal fin has a dark medial stripe. The pectoral spine has well-developed anterior and posterior serrae. Caudal fin rays number 54 to 63, pelvic fin rays 8, sometimes 7. Anal fin rays number 14 to 16, and there are usually two internasal pores.
Similar species include Noturus baileyi (smoky madtom), but this species can be distinguished from yellowfin madtom by its nearly complete lack of dark pigmentation on the dorsal and caudal fins.
Range length: 115 (high) mm.
Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Little is known about the interspecies relationships of yellowfin madtoms. Their specific predators are not known. They do, however exibit cryptic coloring and hiding behavior, which are common predator avoidance strategies.
Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic
Noturus flavipinnis reproduces from late May to mid July. Females may be able to spawn twice per season, and as the male guards the nest, mating is probably polyandrous, with no pair bonds formed.
Mating System: polyandrous
Noturus flavipinnis spawns from late May to mid July. Females produce 121 to 278 eggs per season, probably in multiple spawning acts, since males appear to guard clutches of just 30 to approximately 100 eggs. Nest sites are in cavities beneath slabs of rock. Eggs take about 8 days to hatch, and the young are guarded by the male for approximately 2 weeks.
Breeding interval: Noturus flavipinnis males spawn once per season, but females may spawn twice per season.
Breeding season: Noturus flavipinnis spawn from late May to mid July.
Range number of offspring: 30 to 278.
Average number of offspring: 89.
Average gestation period: 8 days.
Average time to independence: 2 weeks.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 2 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (External ); oviparous
Average number of offspring: 65.
Female yellowfin madtoms expend the majority of their reproductive effort in producing eggs. Males prepare nest sites by enlarging natural cavities beneath rock slabs, and then guard the eggs and young for approximately 2 weeks, driving away intruders and keeping the nest free of silt.
Parental Investment: male parental care ; pre-hatching/birth (Protecting: Male); pre-independence (Protecting: Male)
The yellowfin madtom (Noturus flavipinnis) is a species of fish in the family Ictaluridae endemic to the southeastern United States. Historically, the yellowfin madtom was widespread throughout the upper Tennessee River drainage, but was thought to be extinct by the time it was formally described.[2]
The yellowfin madtom is largely found in Citico Creek of Monroe County, Tennessee, and reintroduced into Abrams Creek in Frederick County, Virginia. Prior to 1893, N. flavipinnis is thought to have been present throughout the upper Tennessee River drainage system. The species was thought to be extinct when it was described in 1969, 30 years after the Norris Dam on the Clinch River became operational.[3] Since then, populations of the yellowfin madtom have been found in Copper Creek and the Clinch River in Virginia, the Powell River and Citico Creek in Tennessee, and a few populations have also been found in the streams of northern Georgia, though the yellowfin madtom is now listed as extirpated in Georgia.[4][5] Yellowfin madtom are found in backwaters and pools around rocks less than 30 cm in diameter and tree roots in clear creeks and small rivers.[6]
The yellowfin madtom is nocturnal, and very much an opportunistic feeder. It preys on aquatic invertebrates, small fish, and detritus.[7] During the daytime, the yellowfin madtom often hides in brushpiles or bedrock crevices, and can even bury itself under several inches of gravel.[3] N. flavipinnis is able to survive in a wide range of environments, from small, pristine, silt-free waters in Citico Creek to the larger, warm, and very silty Powell River.[4] While no specific predator is known, the yellowfin madtom exhibits cryptic coloration and also hides itself in the daytime, both of which are predator-avoidance strategies. The yellowfin madtom is an extremely nocturnal animal and has been known not to try to escape captivity.[6] Generally, it inhabits pools and backwaters of streams no more than 2.0 m deep. The water usually has a moderate current and is siltless, which allows the fish to bury itself into the gravel and bedrock.[4] The closely related N. baileyi is thought to be one of N. flavipinnis’s biggest competitors, though due to the building of a small dam in 1973, interactions between the two have lessened considerably. Both catfish are small and are present in the same river systems, with declining populations. The separation of the yellowfin madtom from its biggest competitor seems to have had negative effects on its populations, as they start to compete among themselves.
The yellowfin madtom has a relatively short lifespan. Generally, it lives up to four years, and are most often found in the pools and streams in which they were born. Their breeding season begins in late May and continues through late July. The males are able to mate once during the breeding season and build and guard the nests containing between 30 and 100 eggs. Females, though, are able to reproduce twice in one breeding season and produce 121-278 eggs per season, with an average of 89 hatching. Hatching usually takes eight days, and the male guards the eggs and hatchlings for two weeks. N.flavipinnis reaches sexual maturity at two years of and usually lives through two breeding seasons. Often, they use backwater pools and streams that are as clean and siltless as possible to breed and bury their eggs beneath rocks.[8]
The yellowfin madtom is federally listed as a threatened species and as endangered in both Tennessee and Virginia. Agricultural practices around the shallow creeks and streams where N. flavipinnis resides have decreased the population and made it difficult for them to recover. Efforts to increase their population began in 1986 at the University of Tennessee and later moved to Conservation Fisheries, Inc. (CFI) in Knoxville. Since the population was too low to take individuals away from Citico Creek, eggs were taken from nests and reared in aquatic laboratories at CFI. CFI was also allowed to maintain a captive adult population to breed inside their aquatic laboratories. From 1986 until 2003, two to three yellowfin madtom clutches were taken from Citico Creek for captive propagation to be stocked into Abrams Creek. Finally, the captured fish were released into both Abrams Creek and Citico Creek irregularly to try to restore a population and save a population, respectively. The yellowfin madtom has had a 53% survival rate among its captured egg clutches, and new fish have been found in Abrams Creek almost every year since 1994. In 2003, though only 9 yellowfin madtom were found in Abrams Creek, they were believed to be wild-spawned, since tagged fish had not been released since 2001, marking what looks to have been a successful project in restoring them in Abrams Creek. To help the restoration project in Abrams Creek, the National Park Service, US Forest Service, University of Tennessee, and Tennessee Valley Authority have taken up the duty to improve the water and habitat of Abrams Creek. The groups helped to remove cattle and restore riparian vegetation around Abrams Creek and its tributaries. The hope is that the restoration of the Abrams Creek habitat decreases its silt content which has been proven to be the yellowfin madtom's worst enemy.[9] Since 1986, populations of the yellowfin madtom from Citico Creek have been captured and bred in laboratory to be reintroduced into Abrams Creek in Blount County, Tennessee, which in 1957 had half of its 64 species extirpated by ichthyocides with the intention to increase trout fishery. From 1986 until 2003, the population of the yellowfin madtom in Abrams Creek has increased to 1574. Currently, they are no longer stocked and released into Abrams Creek.[9]
The yellowfin madtom (Noturus flavipinnis) is a species of fish in the family Ictaluridae endemic to the southeastern United States. Historically, the yellowfin madtom was widespread throughout the upper Tennessee River drainage, but was thought to be extinct by the time it was formally described.
Noturus flavipinnis es una especie de peces de la familia Ictaluridae en el orden de los Siluriformes.
Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 15 cm de longitud total.[2][3]
Se encuentran en Norteamérica: Virginia, Tennessee y Georgia (Estados Unidos ).
Noturus flavipinnis es una especie de peces de la familia Ictaluridae en el orden de los Siluriformes.
Noturus flavipinnis Noturus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Ictaluridae familian sailkatzen da.
Noturus flavipinnis Noturus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Ictaluridae familian sailkatzen da.
Noturus flavipinnis é uma espécie de peixe da família Ictaluridae.
É endémica dos Estados Unidos da América.
Noturus flavipinnis é uma espécie de peixe da família Ictaluridae.
É endémica dos Estados Unidos da América.
