炭角菌目

Jackrogersella cohaerens (Pers.) L. Wendt, Kuhnert & M. Stadler, syn.: Annulohypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh, Sphaeria cohaerens Pers., Hypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Fr., Hypoxylon rutilum var. ericae Gonz. Frag., Hypoxylon atrorufum Ellis & Everh.DE: Zusammengedrngte Kohlenbeere, Schwarze BuchenkohlenbeereSlo.: ?Dat.: Nov. 21. 2008Lat.: 46.34042 Long.: 13.54176Code: Bot_314/2008_DSC5241Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; relatively warm place; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 525 m (1.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on bark of still standing, dead and rotten, partly decorticated Fagus sylvatica.Place: Bovec basin, east of Bovec, below Visna settlement, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Habit of the fungus on this pictures and substratum fit well to Jackrogersella cohaerens (Annulohypoxylon cohaerens). But several other taxa can be very similar. For example: Jackrogersella minutella (former Hypoxylon cohaerens var. microsporum) and Jackrogersella multiformis (former Annulohypoxylon multiforme) and a few others can have similar stromatal features. Microscopy is needed for a reliable determination. Tentative field identification often relies on host. Jackrogersella minutella is restricted to Quercus and Castanea, Jackrogersella multiformis grows mostly on Betula, Alnus and Corylus and Jackrogersella cohaerens is restricted to Fagus sylvatica. However, host specificity is rarely absolute. Since no microscopy was done for this observation, the determination remains unreliable.Ref.: (1) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/ZusammenKohlebeere.htm (accessed Dec. 22. 2018)(2) pyrenomycetes.free.fr/hypoxylon/html/Hypoxylon_cohaerens.htm (accessed Dec. 22.2018)(3) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 281. (4) www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=A&l=l&nom=Annuloh... (accessed Dec. 22.2018)

Jackrogersella cohaerens (Pers.) L. Wendt, Kuhnert & M. Stadler, syn.: Annulohypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh, Sphaeria cohaerens Pers., Hypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Fr., Hypoxylon rutilum var. ericae Gonz. Frag., Hypoxylon atrorufum Ellis & Everh.DE: Zusammengedrngte Kohlenbeere, Schwarze BuchenkohlenbeereSlo.: ?Dat.: Nov. 21. 2008Lat.: 46.34042 Long.: 13.54176Code: Bot_314/2008_DSC5241Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; relatively warm place; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 525 m (1.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on bark of still standing, dead and rotten, partly decorticated Fagus sylvatica.Place: Bovec basin, east of Bovec, below Visna settlement, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Habit of the fungus on this pictures and substratum fit well to Jackrogersella cohaerens (Annulohypoxylon cohaerens). But several other taxa can be very similar. For example: Jackrogersella minutella (former Hypoxylon cohaerens var. microsporum) and Jackrogersella multiformis (former Annulohypoxylon multiforme) and a few others can have similar stromatal features. Microscopy is needed for a reliable determination. Tentative field identification often relies on host. Jackrogersella minutella is restricted to Quercus and Castanea, Jackrogersella multiformis grows mostly on Betula, Alnus and Corylus and Jackrogersella cohaerens is restricted to Fagus sylvatica. However, host specificity is rarely absolute. Since no microscopy was done for this observation, the determination remains unreliable.Ref.: (1) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/ZusammenKohlebeere.htm (accessed Dec. 22. 2018)(2) pyrenomycetes.free.fr/hypoxylon/html/Hypoxylon_cohaerens.htm (accessed Dec. 22.2018)(3) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 281. (4) www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=A&l=l&nom=Annuloh... (accessed Dec. 22.2018)

Jackrogersella cohaerens (Pers.) L. Wendt, Kuhnert & M. Stadler, syn.: Annulohypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh, Sphaeria cohaerens Pers., Hypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Fr., Hypoxylon rutilum var. ericae Gonz. Frag., Hypoxylon atrorufum Ellis & Everh.DE: Zusammengedrngte Kohlenbeere, Schwarze BuchenkohlenbeereSlo.: ?Dat.: Nov. 21. 2008Lat.: 46.34042 Long.: 13.54176Code: Bot_314/2008_DSC5241Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; relatively warm place; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 525 m (1.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on bark of still standing, dead and rotten, partly decorticated Fagus sylvatica.Place: Bovec basin, east of Bovec, below Visna settlement, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Habit of the fungus on this pictures and substratum fit well to Jackrogersella cohaerens (Annulohypoxylon cohaerens). But several other taxa can be very similar. For example: Jackrogersella minutella (former Hypoxylon cohaerens var. microsporum) and Jackrogersella multiformis (former Annulohypoxylon multiforme) and a few others can have similar stromatal features. Microscopy is needed for a reliable determination. Tentative field identification often relies on host. Jackrogersella minutella is restricted to Quercus and Castanea, Jackrogersella multiformis grows mostly on Betula, Alnus and Corylus and Jackrogersella cohaerens is restricted to Fagus sylvatica. However, host specificity is rarely absolute. Since no microscopy was done for this observation, the determination remains unreliable.Ref.: (1) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/ZusammenKohlebeere.htm (accessed Dec. 22. 2018)(2) pyrenomycetes.free.fr/hypoxylon/html/Hypoxylon_cohaerens.htm (accessed Dec. 22.2018)(3) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 281. (4) www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=A&l=l&nom=Annuloh... (accessed Dec. 22.2018)

Jackrogersella cohaerens (Pers.) L. Wendt, Kuhnert & M. Stadler, syn.: Annulohypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Y.M. Ju, J.D. Rogers & H.M. Hsieh, Sphaeria cohaerens Pers., Hypoxylon cohaerens (Pers.) Fr., Hypoxylon rutilum var. ericae Gonz. Frag., Hypoxylon atrorufum Ellis & Everh.DE: Zusammengedrngte Kohlenbeere, Schwarze BuchenkohlenbeereSlo.: ?Dat.: Nov. 21. 2008Lat.: 46.34042 Long.: 13.54176Code: Bot_314/2008_DSC5241Habitat: Mixed wood, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus, Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; moderately inclined mountain slope, south aspect; relatively warm place; cretaceous clastic rock (flysh) bedrock, partly protected from direct rain by tree canopies; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 8-10 deg C, elevation 525 m (1.750 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: on bark of still standing, dead and rotten, partly decorticated Fagus sylvatica.Place: Bovec basin, east of Bovec, below Visna settlement, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC.Comments: Habit of the fungus on this pictures and substratum fit well to Jackrogersella cohaerens (Annulohypoxylon cohaerens). But several other taxa can be very similar. For example: Jackrogersella minutella (former Hypoxylon cohaerens var. microsporum) and Jackrogersella multiformis (former Annulohypoxylon multiforme) and a few others can have similar stromatal features. Microscopy is needed for a reliable determination. Tentative field identification often relies on host. Jackrogersella minutella is restricted to Quercus and Castanea, Jackrogersella multiformis grows mostly on Betula, Alnus and Corylus and Jackrogersella cohaerens is restricted to Fagus sylvatica. However, host specificity is rarely absolute. Since no microscopy was done for this observation, the determination remains unreliable.Ref.: (1) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/ZusammenKohlebeere.htm (accessed Dec. 22. 2018)(2) pyrenomycetes.free.fr/hypoxylon/html/Hypoxylon_cohaerens.htm (accessed Dec. 22.2018)(3) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, Uni.of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 281. (4) www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=A&l=l&nom=Annuloh... (accessed Dec. 22.2018)

Forest of Dean. Glos.SO559131

Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Daldinia intermedia (Lloyd) Child, Hypoxylon concentricum (Bolton) Grev., Valsa tuberosa Scop., Sphaeria tuberosa (Scop.) TimmCarbon Balls, Coal Fungus, Cramp Balls, King Alfred's Cakes, DE: Slo.: slojevita oglarka Dat.: July 6. 2010Lat.: 46.17522 Long.: 13.72071Code: Bot_433/2010_IMG1243Habitat: wood edge, hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) dominant tree; not far from river bank; almost flat terrain; calcareous, alluvial ground; half shade, relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 185 m (600 feet), borderline between alpine and sub-mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, dead and partly disintegrated thick branch of broadleaved tree, most probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Acer spp.Place: Tolmin region; southwest of the town and southeast of rubbish dump Vole, right bank of river Soa, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Daldinia concentrica is a quite common ascomycete, also in Slovenia. Its 'balls' are reddish or rusty-brown at first becoming black and shiny resembling charcoal. Flesh is conspicuously concentrically zoned when cut vertically. One can find it mostly on Fagus sylvatica but also on other broadleaved trees. There appears little possibility to misidentify it in Slovenia since all other species of the genus Daldinia are very rare. English vernacular name King Alfred's Cakes is based on the following legend. King Alfred was hiding in a country home during war time. Unaware of his identity, the mistress of the house put him in charge of watching the baking of the cakes in the oven. King fell asleep and the cakes burned. Daldinia concentrica apparently resembles these cakes.Growing gregariously in several groups all along the fallen branch. Tens of fruit bodies present.Ref.: (1) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 321.(2) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, University of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 293.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 375.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 274.

Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Daldinia intermedia (Lloyd) Child, Hypoxylon concentricum (Bolton) Grev., Valsa tuberosa Scop., Sphaeria tuberosa (Scop.) TimmCarbon Balls, Coal Fungus, Cramp Balls, King Alfred's Cakes, DE: Slo.: slojevita oglarka Dat.: July 6. 2010Lat.: 46.17522 Long.: 13.72071Code: Bot_433/2010_IMG1243Habitat: wood edge, hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) dominant tree; not far from river bank; almost flat terrain; calcareous, alluvial ground; half shade, relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 185 m (600 feet), borderline between alpine and sub-mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, dead and partly disintegrated thick branch of broadleaved tree, most probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Acer spp.Place: Tolmin region; southwest of the town and southeast of rubbish dump Vole, right bank of river Soa, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Daldinia concentrica is a quite common ascomycete, also in Slovenia. Its 'balls' are reddish or rusty-brown at first becoming black and shiny resembling charcoal. Flesh is conspicuously concentrically zoned when cut vertically. One can find it mostly on Fagus sylvatica but also on other broadleaved trees. There appears little possibility to misidentify it in Slovenia since all other species of the genus Daldinia are very rare. English vernacular name King Alfred's Cakes is based on the following legend. King Alfred was hiding in a country home during war time. Unaware of his identity, the mistress of the house put him in charge of watching the baking of the cakes in the oven. King fell asleep and the cakes burned. Daldinia concentrica apparently resembles these cakes.Growing gregariously in several groups all along the fallen branch. Tens of fruit bodies present.Ref.: (1) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 321.(2) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, University of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 293.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 375.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 274.

Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Daldinia intermedia (Lloyd) Child, Hypoxylon concentricum (Bolton) Grev., Valsa tuberosa Scop., Sphaeria tuberosa (Scop.) TimmCarbon Balls, Coal Fungus, Cramp Balls, King Alfred's Cakes, DE: Slo.: slojevita oglarka Dat.: July 6. 2010Lat.: 46.17522 Long.: 13.72071Code: Bot_433/2010_IMG1243Habitat: wood edge, hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) dominant tree; not far from river bank; almost flat terrain; calcareous, alluvial ground; half shade, relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 185 m (600 feet), borderline between alpine and sub-mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, dead and partly disintegrated thick branch of broadleaved tree, most probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Acer spp.Place: Tolmin region; southwest of the town and southeast of rubbish dump Vole, right bank of river Soa, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Daldinia concentrica is a quite common ascomycete, also in Slovenia. Its 'balls' are reddish or rusty-brown at first becoming black and shiny resembling charcoal. Flesh is conspicuously concentrically zoned when cut vertically. One can find it mostly on Fagus sylvatica but also on other broadleaved trees. There appears little possibility to misidentify it in Slovenia since all other species of the genus Daldinia are very rare. English vernacular name King Alfred's Cakes is based on the following legend. King Alfred was hiding in a country home during war time. Unaware of his identity, the mistress of the house put him in charge of watching the baking of the cakes in the oven. King fell asleep and the cakes burned. Daldinia concentrica apparently resembles these cakes.Growing gregariously in several groups all along the fallen branch. Tens of fruit bodies present.Ref.: (1) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 321.(2) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, University of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 293.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 375.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 274.

Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Daldinia intermedia (Lloyd) Child, Hypoxylon concentricum (Bolton) Grev., Valsa tuberosa Scop., Sphaeria tuberosa (Scop.) TimmCarbon Balls, Coal Fungus, Cramp Balls, King Alfred's Cakes, DE: Slo.: slojevita oglarka Dat.: July 6. 2010Lat.: 46.17522 Long.: 13.72071Code: Bot_433/2010_IMG1243Habitat: wood edge, hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) dominant tree; not far from river bank; almost flat terrain; calcareous, alluvial ground; half shade, relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 185 m (600 feet), borderline between alpine and sub-mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, dead and partly disintegrated thick branch of broadleaved tree, most probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Acer spp.Place: Tolmin region; southwest of the town and southeast of rubbish dump Vole, right bank of river Soa, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Daldinia concentrica is a quite common ascomycete, also in Slovenia. Its 'balls' are reddish or rusty-brown at first becoming black and shiny resembling charcoal. Flesh is conspicuously concentrically zoned when cut vertically. One can find it mostly on Fagus sylvatica but also on other broadleaved trees. There appears little possibility to misidentify it in Slovenia since all other species of the genus Daldinia are very rare. English vernacular name King Alfred's Cakes is based on the following legend. King Alfred was hiding in a country home during war time. Unaware of his identity, the mistress of the house put him in charge of watching the baking of the cakes in the oven. King fell asleep and the cakes burned. Daldinia concentrica apparently resembles these cakes.Growing gregariously in several groups all along the fallen branch. Tens of fruit bodies present.Ref.: (1) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 321.(2) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, University of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 293.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 375.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 274.

Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Daldinia intermedia (Lloyd) Child, Hypoxylon concentricum (Bolton) Grev., Valsa tuberosa Scop., Sphaeria tuberosa (Scop.) TimmCarbon Balls, Coal Fungus, Cramp Balls, King Alfred's Cakes, DE: Slo.: slojevita oglarka Dat.: July 6. 2010Lat.: 46.17522 Long.: 13.72071Code: Bot_433/2010_IMG1243Habitat: wood edge, hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) dominant tree; not far from river bank; almost flat terrain; calcareous, alluvial ground; half shade, relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 185 m (600 feet), borderline between alpine and sub-mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, dead and partly disintegrated thick branch of broadleaved tree, most probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Acer spp.Place: Tolmin region; southwest of the town and southeast of rubbish dump Vole, right bank of river Soa, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Daldinia concentrica is a quite common ascomycete, also in Slovenia. Its 'balls' are reddish or rusty-brown at first becoming black and shiny resembling charcoal. Flesh is conspicuously concentrically zoned when cut vertically. One can find it mostly on Fagus sylvatica but also on other broadleaved trees. There appears little possibility to misidentify it in Slovenia since all other species of the genus Daldinia are very rare. English vernacular name King Alfred's Cakes is based on the following legend. King Alfred was hiding in a country home during war time. Unaware of his identity, the mistress of the house put him in charge of watching the baking of the cakes in the oven. King fell asleep and the cakes burned. Daldinia concentrica apparently resembles these cakes.Growing gregariously in several groups all along the fallen branch. Tens of fruit bodies present.Ref.: (1) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 321.(2) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, University of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 293.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 375.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 274.

Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Daldinia intermedia (Lloyd) Child, Hypoxylon concentricum (Bolton) Grev., Valsa tuberosa Scop., Sphaeria tuberosa (Scop.) TimmCarbon Balls, Coal Fungus, Cramp Balls, King Alfred's Cakes, DE: Slo.: slojevita oglarka Dat.: July 6. 2010Lat.: 46.17522 Long.: 13.72071Code: Bot_433/2010_IMG1243Habitat: wood edge, hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) dominant tree; not far from river bank; almost flat terrain; calcareous, alluvial ground; half shade, relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 185 m (600 feet), borderline between alpine and sub-mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, dead and partly disintegrated thick branch of broadleaved tree, most probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Acer spp.Place: Tolmin region; southwest of the town and southeast of rubbish dump Vole, right bank of river Soa, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Daldinia concentrica is a quite common ascomycete, also in Slovenia. Its 'balls' are reddish or rusty-brown at first becoming black and shiny resembling charcoal. Flesh is conspicuously concentrically zoned when cut vertically. One can find it mostly on Fagus sylvatica but also on other broadleaved trees. There appears little possibility to misidentify it in Slovenia since all other species of the genus Daldinia are very rare. English vernacular name King Alfred's Cakes is based on the following legend. King Alfred was hiding in a country home during war time. Unaware of his identity, the mistress of the house put him in charge of watching the baking of the cakes in the oven. King fell asleep and the cakes burned. Daldinia concentrica apparently resembles these cakes.Growing gregariously in several groups all along the fallen branch. Tens of fruit bodies present.Ref.: (1) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 321.(2) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, University of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 293.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 375.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 274.

Great Harwood, England, United Kingdom

The Gullet, Malvern Hills Worcs

Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Daldinia intermedia (Lloyd) Child, Hypoxylon concentricum (Bolton) Grev., Valsa tuberosa Scop., Sphaeria tuberosa (Scop.) TimmCarbon Balls, Coal Fungus, Cramp Balls, King Alfred's Cakes, DE: Slo.: slojevita oglarka Dat.: July 6. 2010Lat.: 46.17522 Long.: 13.72071Code: Bot_433/2010_IMG1243Habitat: wood edge, hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) dominant tree; not far from river bank; almost flat terrain; calcareous, alluvial ground; half shade, relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 185 m (600 feet), borderline between alpine and sub-mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, dead and partly disintegrated thick branch of broadleaved tree, most probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Acer spp.Place: Tolmin region; southwest of the town and southeast of rubbish dump Vole, right bank of river Soa, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Daldinia concentrica is a quite common ascomycete, also in Slovenia. Its 'balls' are reddish or rusty-brown at first becoming black and shiny resembling charcoal. Flesh is conspicuously concentrically zoned when cut vertically. One can find it mostly on Fagus sylvatica but also on other broadleaved trees. There appears little possibility to misidentify it in Slovenia since all other species of the genus Daldinia are very rare. English vernacular name King Alfred's Cakes is based on the following legend. King Alfred was hiding in a country home during war time. Unaware of his identity, the mistress of the house put him in charge of watching the baking of the cakes in the oven. King fell asleep and the cakes burned. Daldinia concentrica apparently resembles these cakes.Growing gregariously in several groups all along the fallen branch. Tens of fruit bodies present.Ref.: (1) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 321.(2) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, University of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 293.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 375.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 274.

Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Daldinia intermedia (Lloyd) Child, Hypoxylon concentricum (Bolton) Grev., Valsa tuberosa Scop., Sphaeria tuberosa (Scop.) TimmCarbon Balls, Coal Fungus, Cramp Balls, King Alfred's Cakes, DE: Slo.: slojevita oglarka Dat.: July 6. 2010Lat.: 46.17522 Long.: 13.72071Code: Bot_433/2010_IMG1243Habitat: wood edge, hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) dominant tree; not far from river bank; almost flat terrain; calcareous, alluvial ground; half shade, relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 185 m (600 feet), borderline between alpine and sub-mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, dead and partly disintegrated thick branch of broadleaved tree, most probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Acer spp.Place: Tolmin region; southwest of the town and southeast of rubbish dump Vole, right bank of river Soa, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Daldinia concentrica is a quite common ascomycete, also in Slovenia. Its 'balls' are reddish or rusty-brown at first becoming black and shiny resembling charcoal. Flesh is conspicuously concentrically zoned when cut vertically. One can find it mostly on Fagus sylvatica but also on other broadleaved trees. There appears little possibility to misidentify it in Slovenia since all other species of the genus Daldinia are very rare. English vernacular name King Alfred's Cakes is based on the following legend. King Alfred was hiding in a country home during war time. Unaware of his identity, the mistress of the house put him in charge of watching the baking of the cakes in the oven. King fell asleep and the cakes burned. Daldinia concentrica apparently resembles these cakes.Growing gregariously in several groups all along the fallen branch. Tens of fruit bodies present.Ref.: (1) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 321.(2) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, University of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 293.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 375.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 274.

Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Daldinia intermedia (Lloyd) Child, Hypoxylon concentricum (Bolton) Grev., Valsa tuberosa Scop., Sphaeria tuberosa (Scop.) TimmCarbon Balls, Coal Fungus, Cramp Balls, King Alfred's Cakes, DE: Slo.: slojevita oglarka Dat.: July 6. 2010Lat.: 46.17522 Long.: 13.72071Code: Bot_433/2010_IMG1243Habitat: wood edge, hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) dominant tree; not far from river bank; almost flat terrain; calcareous, alluvial ground; half shade, relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 185 m (600 feet), borderline between alpine and sub-mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, dead and partly disintegrated thick branch of broadleaved tree, most probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Acer spp.Place: Tolmin region; southwest of the town and southeast of rubbish dump Vole, right bank of river Soa, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Daldinia concentrica is a quite common ascomycete, also in Slovenia. Its 'balls' are reddish or rusty-brown at first becoming black and shiny resembling charcoal. Flesh is conspicuously concentrically zoned when cut vertically. One can find it mostly on Fagus sylvatica but also on other broadleaved trees. There appears little possibility to misidentify it in Slovenia since all other species of the genus Daldinia are very rare. English vernacular name King Alfred's Cakes is based on the following legend. King Alfred was hiding in a country home during war time. Unaware of his identity, the mistress of the house put him in charge of watching the baking of the cakes in the oven. King fell asleep and the cakes burned. Daldinia concentrica apparently resembles these cakes.Growing gregariously in several groups all along the fallen branch. Tens of fruit bodies present.Ref.: (1) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 321.(2) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, University of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 293.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 375.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 274.

Daldinia concentrica (Bolton) Ces. & De Not., syn.: Daldinia intermedia (Lloyd) Child, Hypoxylon concentricum (Bolton) Grev., Valsa tuberosa Scop., Sphaeria tuberosa (Scop.) TimmCarbon Balls, Coal Fungus, Cramp Balls, King Alfred's Cakes, DE: Slo.: slojevita oglarka Dat.: July 6. 2010Lat.: 46.17522 Long.: 13.72071Code: Bot_433/2010_IMG1243Habitat: wood edge, hop hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) dominant tree; not far from river bank; almost flat terrain; calcareous, alluvial ground; half shade, relatively warm place; exposed to direct rain; average precipitations 2.000-2.600 mm/year, average temperature 10-12 deg C, elevation 185 m (600 feet), borderline between alpine and sub-mediterranean phytogeographical region.Substratum: fallen, dead and partly disintegrated thick branch of broadleaved tree, most probably Fagus sylvatica, possibly Acer spp.Place: Tolmin region; southwest of the town and southeast of rubbish dump Vole, right bank of river Soa, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Daldinia concentrica is a quite common ascomycete, also in Slovenia. Its 'balls' are reddish or rusty-brown at first becoming black and shiny resembling charcoal. Flesh is conspicuously concentrically zoned when cut vertically. One can find it mostly on Fagus sylvatica but also on other broadleaved trees. There appears little possibility to misidentify it in Slovenia since all other species of the genus Daldinia are very rare. English vernacular name King Alfred's Cakes is based on the following legend. King Alfred was hiding in a country home during war time. Unaware of his identity, the mistress of the house put him in charge of watching the baking of the cakes in the oven. King fell asleep and the cakes burned. Daldinia concentrica apparently resembles these cakes.Growing gregariously in several groups all along the fallen branch. Tens of fruit bodies present.Ref.: (1) G. Medardi, Atlante fotografico degli Ascomiceti d'Italia, A.M.B. Centro Studi Micologici (2012) (in Italian with English keys), p 321.(2) M.W.Beug, A.E. Bessette, A.R. Bessette, Ascomycete Fungi of North America, University of Texas Press, Austin (2014), p 293.(3) R. Phillips, Mushrooms, Macmillan (2006), p 375.(4) J. Breitenbach, F. Kraenzlin, Eds., Fungi of Switzerland, Vol.1. Verlag Mykologia (1984), p 274.

Eutypella quaternata (Pers.) Rappaz, syn.: Quaternaria quaternata (Pers.) J. Schrt., Sphaeria quaternata Pers., Valsa quaternata (Pers.) Fr.DE: Vierfrchtige QuaternariaSlo.: ?Dat.: Oct. 3. 2018Lat.: 46.360883 Long.: 13.702422Code: Bot_1160/2018_DSC3578Habitat: Wood edge, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead branches of Fagus sylvatica still attached to the tree; branch diameter 9-14 mm.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, Na melu place near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Eutypella quaternata is a common fungus on dead Fagus branches. This is teleomorph form of anamorph Libertella faginea. In its sexual reproductive stage, it produces spores in fruiting bodies immerged in the barky of the tree in blackish perithecia. A few of them have a common stroma.Spores smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (11,3) 11,7 - 15,5 (16,6) (2,8) 3,4 - 4,3 (4,7) m, Q = (2,7) 3,2 - 4; N = 30; Me = 13,6 3,8 m; Qe = 3,6; Asci 140 -210/8-10 microns, some with very long 'tail'; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (asci tips); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (spores, asci), in water, dry material. Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (stroma, perithecia), dry material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and Herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Index Herbariorum acronym LJFRef.: (1) www.bioimages.org.uk/html/r159161.htm?7 (accessed Nov. 2.2018)(2) www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=E&l=l&nom=Eutypel... (accessed Nov. 5. 2018) (3) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/Quaternaria.htm (accessed Nov. 5.2018) (4) www.ascofrance.com/recolte/4104/sordariomycetes-xylariale... (accessed Nov. 8.2018)(5) www.pilzflora-ehingen.de/pilzflora/arthtml/equaternata.php

Eutypella quaternata (Pers.) Rappaz, syn.: Quaternaria quaternata (Pers.) J. Schrt., Sphaeria quaternata Pers., Valsa quaternata (Pers.) Fr.DE: Vierfrchtige QuaternariaSlo.: ?Dat.: Oct. 3. 2018Lat.: 46.360883 Long.: 13.702422Code: Bot_1160/2018_DSC3578Habitat: Wood edge, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead branches of Fagus sylvatica still attached to the tree; branch diameter 9-14 mm.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, Na melu place near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Eutypella quaternata is a common fungus on dead Fagus branches. This is teleomorph form of anamorph Libertella faginea. In its sexual reproductive stage, it produces spores in fruiting bodies immerged in the barky of the tree in blackish perithecia. A few of them have a common stroma.Spores smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (11,3) 11,7 - 15,5 (16,6) (2,8) 3,4 - 4,3 (4,7) m, Q = (2,7) 3,2 - 4; N = 30; Me = 13,6 3,8 m; Qe = 3,6; Asci 140 -210/8-10 microns, some with very long 'tail'; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (asci tips); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (spores, asci), in water, dry material. Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (stroma, perithecia), dry material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and Herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Index Herbariorum acronym LJFRef.: (1) www.bioimages.org.uk/html/r159161.htm?7 (accessed Nov. 2.2018)(2) www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=E&l=l&nom=Eutypel... (accessed Nov. 5. 2018) (3) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/Quaternaria.htm (accessed Nov. 5.2018) (4) www.ascofrance.com/recolte/4104/sordariomycetes-xylariale... (accessed Nov. 8.2018)(5) www.pilzflora-ehingen.de/pilzflora/arthtml/equaternata.php

Eutypella quaternata (Pers.) Rappaz, syn.: Quaternaria quaternata (Pers.) J. Schrt., Sphaeria quaternata Pers., Valsa quaternata (Pers.) Fr.DE: Vierfrchtige QuaternariaSlo.: ?Dat.: Oct. 3. 2018Lat.: 46.360883 Long.: 13.702422Code: Bot_1160/2018_DSC3578Habitat: Wood edge, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead branches of Fagus sylvatica still attached to the tree; branch diameter 9-14 mm.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, Na melu place near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Eutypella quaternata is a common fungus on dead Fagus branches. This is teleomorph form of anamorph Libertella faginea. In its sexual reproductive stage, it produces spores in fruiting bodies immerged in the barky of the tree in blackish perithecia. A few of them have a common stroma.Spores smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (11,3) 11,7 - 15,5 (16,6) (2,8) 3,4 - 4,3 (4,7) m, Q = (2,7) 3,2 - 4; N = 30; Me = 13,6 3,8 m; Qe = 3,6; Asci 140 -210/8-10 microns, some with very long 'tail'; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (asci tips); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (spores, asci), in water, dry material. Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (stroma, perithecia), dry material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and Herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Index Herbariorum acronym LJFRef.: (1) www.bioimages.org.uk/html/r159161.htm?7 (accessed Nov. 2.2018)(2) www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=E&l=l&nom=Eutypel... (accessed Nov. 5. 2018) (3) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/Quaternaria.htm (accessed Nov. 5.2018) (4) www.ascofrance.com/recolte/4104/sordariomycetes-xylariale... (accessed Nov. 8.2018)(5) www.pilzflora-ehingen.de/pilzflora/arthtml/equaternata.php

Eutypella quaternata (Pers.) Rappaz, syn.: Quaternaria quaternata (Pers.) J. Schrt., Sphaeria quaternata Pers., Valsa quaternata (Pers.) Fr.DE: Vierfrchtige QuaternariaSlo.: ?Dat.: Oct. 3. 2018Lat.: 46.360883 Long.: 13.702422Code: Bot_1160/2018_DSC3578Habitat: Wood edge, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead branches of Fagus sylvatica still attached to the tree; branch diameter 9-14 mm.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, Na melu place near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Eutypella quaternata is a common fungus on dead Fagus branches. This is teleomorph form of anamorph Libertella faginea. In its sexual reproductive stage, it produces spores in fruiting bodies immerged in the barky of the tree in blackish perithecia. A few of them have a common stroma.Spores smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (11,3) 11,7 - 15,5 (16,6) (2,8) 3,4 - 4,3 (4,7) m, Q = (2,7) 3,2 - 4; N = 30; Me = 13,6 3,8 m; Qe = 3,6; Asci 140 -210/8-10 microns, some with very long 'tail'; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (asci tips); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (spores, asci), in water, dry material. Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (stroma, perithecia), dry material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and Herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Index Herbariorum acronym LJFRef.: (1) www.bioimages.org.uk/html/r159161.htm?7 (accessed Nov. 2.2018)(2) www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=E&l=l&nom=Eutypel... (accessed Nov. 5. 2018) (3) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/Quaternaria.htm (accessed Nov. 5.2018) (4) www.ascofrance.com/recolte/4104/sordariomycetes-xylariale... (accessed Nov. 8.2018)(5) www.pilzflora-ehingen.de/pilzflora/arthtml/equaternata.php

Eutypella quaternata (Pers.) Rappaz, syn.: Quaternaria quaternata (Pers.) J. Schrt., Sphaeria quaternata Pers., Valsa quaternata (Pers.) Fr.DE: Vierfrchtige QuaternariaSlo.: ?Dat.: Oct. 3. 2018Lat.: 46.360883 Long.: 13.702422Code: Bot_1160/2018_DSC3578Habitat: Wood edge, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead branches of Fagus sylvatica still attached to the tree; branch diameter 9-14 mm.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, Na melu place near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Eutypella quaternata is a common fungus on dead Fagus branches. This is teleomorph form of anamorph Libertella faginea. In its sexual reproductive stage, it produces spores in fruiting bodies immerged in the barky of the tree in blackish perithecia. A few of them have a common stroma.Spores smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (11,3) 11,7 - 15,5 (16,6) (2,8) 3,4 - 4,3 (4,7) m, Q = (2,7) 3,2 - 4; N = 30; Me = 13,6 3,8 m; Qe = 3,6; Asci 140 -210/8-10 microns, some with very long 'tail'; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (asci tips); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (spores, asci), in water, dry material. Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (stroma, perithecia), dry material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and Herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Index Herbariorum acronym LJFRef.: (1) www.bioimages.org.uk/html/r159161.htm?7 (accessed Nov. 2.2018)(2) www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=E&l=l&nom=Eutypel... (accessed Nov. 5. 2018) (3) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/Quaternaria.htm (accessed Nov. 5.2018) (4) www.ascofrance.com/recolte/4104/sordariomycetes-xylariale... (accessed Nov. 8.2018)(5) www.pilzflora-ehingen.de/pilzflora/arthtml/equaternata.php

Eutypella quaternata (Pers.) Rappaz, syn.: Quaternaria quaternata (Pers.) J. Schrt., Sphaeria quaternata Pers., Valsa quaternata (Pers.) Fr.DE: Vierfrchtige QuaternariaSlo.: ?Dat.: Oct. 3. 2018Lat.: 46.360883 Long.: 13.702422Code: Bot_1160/2018_DSC3578Habitat: Wood edge, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead branches of Fagus sylvatica still attached to the tree; branch diameter 9-14 mm.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, Na melu place near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Eutypella quaternata is a common fungus on dead Fagus branches. This is teleomorph form of anamorph Libertella faginea. In its sexual reproductive stage, it produces spores in fruiting bodies immerged in the barky of the tree in blackish perithecia. A few of them have a common stroma.Spores smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (11,3) 11,7 - 15,5 (16,6) (2,8) 3,4 - 4,3 (4,7) m, Q = (2,7) 3,2 - 4; N = 30; Me = 13,6 3,8 m; Qe = 3,6; Asci 140 -210/8-10 microns, some with very long 'tail'; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (asci tips); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (spores, asci), in water, dry material. Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (stroma, perithecia), dry material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and Herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Index Herbariorum acronym LJFRef.: (1) www.bioimages.org.uk/html/r159161.htm?7 (accessed Nov. 2.2018)(2) www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=E&l=l&nom=Eutypel... (accessed Nov. 5. 2018) (3) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/Quaternaria.htm (accessed Nov. 5.2018) (4) www.ascofrance.com/recolte/4104/sordariomycetes-xylariale... (accessed Nov. 8.2018)(5) www.pilzflora-ehingen.de/pilzflora/arthtml/equaternata.php

Eutypella quaternata (Pers.) Rappaz, syn.: Quaternaria quaternata (Pers.) J. Schrt., Sphaeria quaternata Pers., Valsa quaternata (Pers.) Fr.DE: Vierfrchtige QuaternariaSlo.: ?Dat.: Oct. 3. 2018Lat.: 46.360883 Long.: 13.702422Code: Bot_1160/2018_DSC3578Habitat: Wood edge, Fagus sylvatica, Picea abies, Fraxinus ornus and Ostrya carpinifolia dominant trees; slightly inclined mountain slope, southeast aspect; calcareous, colluvial, skeletal ground; average precipitations ~ 3.000 mm/year, average temperature 7-9 deg C, elevation 610 m (2.000 feet), alpine phytogeographical region.Substratum: dead branches of Fagus sylvatica still attached to the tree; branch diameter 9-14 mm.Place: Lower Trenta valley, between villages Soa and Trenta, Na melu place near Trenta 2b cottage, East Julian Alps, Posoje, Slovenia EC. Comments: Eutypella quaternata is a common fungus on dead Fagus branches. This is teleomorph form of anamorph Libertella faginea. In its sexual reproductive stage, it produces spores in fruiting bodies immerged in the barky of the tree in blackish perithecia. A few of them have a common stroma.Spores smooth, allantoid. Dimensions: (11,3) 11,7 - 15,5 (16,6) (2,8) 3,4 - 4,3 (4,7) m, Q = (2,7) 3,2 - 4; N = 30; Me = 13,6 3,8 m; Qe = 3,6; Asci 140 -210/8-10 microns, some with very long 'tail'; Olympus CH20, NEA 100x/1.25, magnification 1.000 x, oil (asci tips); NEA 40x/0.65, magnification 400x (spores, asci), in water, dry material. Novex, Zoom Stereo RZ_Range, Holland (stroma, perithecia), dry material. AmScope MA500 digital camera.Herbarium: Mycotheca and Herbarium of Slovenian Forestry Institute, Vena pot 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia, Index Herbariorum acronym LJFRef.: (1) www.bioimages.org.uk/html/r159161.htm?7 (accessed Nov. 2.2018)(2) www.mycoquebec.org/bas.php?trie=E&l=l&nom=Eutypel... (accessed Nov. 5. 2018) (3) www.123pilze.de/DreamHC/Download/Quaternaria.htm (accessed Nov. 5.2018) (4) www.ascofrance.com/recolte/4104/sordariomycetes-xylariale... (accessed Nov. 8.2018)(5) www.pilzflora-ehingen.de/pilzflora/arthtml/equaternata.php