黃葛树

It is often planted as a shade tree in the Punjab and N.W.F. Province.

Trees, epiphytic when young, with buttress or prop roots, deciduous or semideciduous. Stipules lanceolate-ovate, to 1 cm, apex acute. Petiole 2-5 cm; leaf blade obovate, narrowly lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, or elliptic-ovate, 10-20 × 4-7 cm, thinly leathery to thickly papery, not shiny when dry, base bluntly rounded, cuneate, or cordate, margin entire, apex acuminate to shortly acuminate; basal lateral veins short, secondary veins (5-)7-10(-11) on each side of midvein, and abaxially prominent, reticulate veins ± conspicuous. Figs axillary on leafy branchlets, paired or solitary or in clusters on leafless older branchlets, purple red when mature, globose, 7-12 mm in diam., with conspicuous interfloral bristles, sessile or pedunculate; involucral bracts small. Male, gall, and female flowers within same fig. Male flowers: few, near apical pore, sessile; calyx lobes 4 or 5, lanceolate; stamen 1; filament short; anther broadly ovoid. Gall flowers: pedicellate; calyx lobes 3 or 4; style lateral, shorter than ovary. Female flowers: similar to gall flowers; style longer than ovary. Achenes wrinkled on surface. Fl. Apr-Aug.

A large, up to 15 (-20) m tall, deciduous tree with spreading crown. Trunk 1.5-2.5 m in circumference, branches spreading with few to numerous aerial roots, bark grey, young twigs brown, glabrous. Leaves with 2.5-6.5 cm long, articulate petiole; lamina elliptic or ovate-elliptic to ovate-oblong, 645 (18) cm long, 3-8 (-9) cm broad, 3-5-costate at the obtuse-truncate base, margins entire to ± wavy, apex with c. 10-12 mm long acumen; lateral nerves (5-) 7-12 pairs, not prominently bulging, intercostals zigzag; stipules broadly ovate-lanceolate, 10-15 mm long, acute, pubescent. Hypanthodie sessile or on up to 5 mm long peduncles, in ancillary pairs or on twigs below the leaves, creamy-whitish, globose, 8-12 mm in diameter, subtended by 3, broadly ovate-round, glabrous or puberulous basal bracts, apical orifice cloud by 3, minute brads, internal bristles copious, chaffy-vesicular, white. Male flower: sessile ostiolar in 2-3 whorls; sepals 2-3, free or slightly united, acute, stamen solitary, included, with oblong anther. Gall & female flowers: sessile sepals 34, free, spathulate to linear-lanceolate; ovary simile or stipitate, reddish-brown, style subterminal. Figs globose, 12-15 mm in diameter, plait to purple, ultimately black.

Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, SW Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, S Hunan, S Shaanxi, Sichuan, SE Xizang, Yunnan, S Zhejiang [Bhutan, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia].

Distribution: Pakistan, India, Burma, S.E. Ask to N. Maratha.

Fl. & Fr. Per.: October-March.

Common tree by streamsides in subtropical China; 300-2700 m.

Ficus caulobotrya (Miquel) Miquel var. fraseri (Miquel) Miquel; F. glabella Blume; F. saxophila Blume var. sublanceolata Miquel; F. virens var. sublanceolata (Miquel) Corner; F. wightiana Wallich ex Bentham; Urostigma fraseri Miquel; U. infectorium Miquel; U. wightianum Miquel.