Codium is a genus of edible green macroalgae (or seaweeds) under the order Bryopsidales. The genus name is derived from a Greek word that pertains to the soft texture of its thallus. One of the foremost experts on Codium taxonomy was Paul Claude Silva at the University of California, Berkeley.[1][2] P.C. Silva was able to describe 36 species for the genus and in honor of his work on Codium,[1] the species C. silvae was named after the late professor.[3]
This genus is the largest member of the algal family Codiaceae and consequently under order Bryopsidales and it currently has about 143 confirmed species and four (4) unresolved members.[4] Stackhouse, unfortunately, failed to provide holotype specimens for C. tomentosum (type species) and some of its dichotomously-branching congeners leading to misidentifications; P.C. Silva delineated C. tomentosum, C. fragile, and C. vermilara and established neotypes for each species to finally resolve this taxonomic blunder.[5]
Being a member of the order Bryopsidales, Codium is coenocytic and siphonous.[4] Their spongy thallus is composed of a single, multinucleated, branched, tubular cell called siphon which terminates at a swollen end called the utricle.[2][3][4] These siphons intertwine with each other to form the clear mesh-like center of the Codium thallus called the medulla while the utricles surround this central layer to form a green to dark-green palisade layer called the cortex.[5][4]
The genus has a wide variety of thalli forms: (1) mat-forming, the thalli encrusts and adheres to given a substrate using its medullary filaments; (2) spherical, the thalli forms a ball and is superficially attached to an area using rhizoidal filaments; and (4) erect thalli, typically dichotomously branched with its medulla surrounded by utricles.[6] In addition to its thalli variations, the utricles which forms its thallus also has variety of forms, mainly based on their apical wall thickness and apex shapes.[6]
Similar to most seaweed species, Codium species also exhibit a wide range of morphological plasticity which has been a great challenge to its morphology-based taxonomy.[6][7][8]
In terms of its natural range, Codium has a latitudinal range that encompasses the tropical to temperate areas, however, this genus is not found in the frigid polar regions of the world.[9][6]
Two of these species are very rare in Ireland. Codium adhaerens has been recorded from a few sites on the west coast and from Tory Island on the north coast in County Donegal. In 1837 it was found in Church Bay in County Antrim,[10] but has not been found there since.
There are other species of "doubtful validity":- Codium amphibium is included in William Henry Harvey's Phycologia Britannica Pl.xxxv. and noted as: "spreading in patches of great extent along the edge of the sea, over the surface of a turf-bog which meets the shore at Roundstone Bay" (Ireland).
Even though Codium species are well-distributed across the globe, certain species have managed to escape their natural range and invade other areas. In the case of C. fragile spp. tomentosoides, commonly known as "oyster thief", the increasing marine traffic has made it possible for it to escape its natural locality (Japan) and spread to Europe and USA forcing devastating biodiversity and aquacultural losses.[12]
Codium has been observed to inhabit both from the intertidal zone down to the subtidal area.[4]
Codium, like most ulvophycean seaweeds, exhibit a diplontic life history wherein the dominant diploid (2N) thallus produces the male and female gametangia that will produce the haploid (N) gametes through meiosis.[13] Moreover, Codium are also capable of fragmentation, which has led to its unwanted spread across the globe.
South Korea is the leading consumer and producer of farmed Codium (commonly known as cheonggak) in the world; with about 4000 metric tons of fresh weight produced in 2017 and valued at 2 million US dollars.[14] Farming and cultivation of Codium in South Korea is a thriving industry; their method first involves seeding a rope line with isolated pieces of utricles and medullary filaments[15] and finally transferring it into the open sea for the grow-out cultivation.[16]
A recent review on the bioactivity of the genus Codium has revealed that most of its polysaccharides, glycoproteins, galactans, anionic macromolecules, and other extracts/compounds have shown to have a variety of uses as immunostimulatory, anticoagulant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agent.[17]
Codium is used either fresh or dry and is typically cooked and seasoned with soy sauce and vinegar or mixed with kimchi.[14]
Codium cylindricum Holmes, type definition herbarium specimen pressed Codium is a genus of edible green macroalgae (or seaweeds) under the order Bryopsidales. The genus name is derived from a Greek word that pertains to the soft texture of its thallus. One of the foremost experts on Codium taxonomy was Paul Claude Silva at the University of California, Berkeley. P.C. Silva was able to describe 36 species for the genus and in honor of his work on Codium, the species C. silvae was named after the late professor.
Codium es un género de algas perteneciente a la familia Codiaceae. Tiene unas 50 especies distribuidas por todo el mundo. [1]
El género tiene dos formas de talos, bien erectos o postrados. Las plantas son erectas dicotómicamente ramificadas de hasta 40 cm de largo con ramas que forman una estructura esponjosa compacta, no calcárea. Las ramas finales forman una capa superficial de tejido en empalizada como corteza de utrículos. Las especies con talos postrados o globulares con una superficie aterciopelada, las ramas terminales forman una corteza cerrada de utrículos.[2] Sobre los utrículos se encuentran los gametangios masculinos y femeninos, respectivamente. Éstos liberan los gametos móviles y por anisogamia forman un zigoto diploide, que por mitosis[3] crecerá y formará un nuevo individuo.
Tiene una distribución cosmopolita, encontrándose en China, Japón, en el Pacífico, en América desde Alaska hasta el Cabo de Hornos, en Australia y Nueva Zelanda, Islas Británicas, Bahía de Cádiz, España, Noruega, Dinamarca y los Países Bajos.[4]
En crudo, con ensaladas, aliños, ensaladillas y salpicones, o acompañando sashimis, tatakis, tartares, ceviches, usuzukuris y makis. Encurtidas aportan gran aroma. Puede usarse como guarnición de sopas o cremas frías. Al igual que el ogonori ofrece cremosidad y fuerte sabor en arroces, paellas, fideúa, risottos y guisos marineros.
|url= incorrecta con autorreferencia (ayuda). Codium es un género de algas perteneciente a la familia Codiaceae. Tiene unas 50 especies distribuidas por todo el mundo.
Codium est un genre d'algues vertes de la famille des Codiaceae.
Ce sont des algues à structure siphonée, dont l'organisation enchevêtrée des filaments tubulaires donne une texture comparable à du feutre ou à du velours. La forme générale peut être celle de cordons ramifiés comme chez Codium fragile, de boules comme chez Codium bursa ou d'une couverture tapissante comme chez Codium adhaerens.
Selon AlgaeBase (5 mai 2013)[1] :
Selon World Register of Marine Species (5 mai 2013)[3] :
Codium est un genre d'algues vertes de la famille des Codiaceae.
Ce sont des algues à structure siphonée, dont l'organisation enchevêtrée des filaments tubulaires donne une texture comparable à du feutre ou à du velours. La forme générale peut être celle de cordons ramifiés comme chez Codium fragile, de boules comme chez Codium bursa ou d'une couverture tapissante comme chez Codium adhaerens.
Codium é um género de algas pertencente à família Codiaceae. Possui cerca de 50 espécies distribuídas por todo o mundo.[1]
O género tem duas formas de talos, bem eretos ou prostrados. As plantas são eretas dicotomicamente ramificadas de até 40 cm de largura com ramos que formam uma estrutura esponjosa compacta, não calcária. Nas espécies com talos prostrados ou globulares com uma superfície aveludada, os ramos terminais formam um súber coberto de aquênios.[2]
Tem uma distribuição cosmopolita, sendo encontrada na China, Japão, no Pacífico, na América desde o Alaska até o Cabo Horn, na Austrália e Nova Zelândia, Ilhas Britânicas, Noruega, Dinamarca e Países Baixos.[3]
|coautor= (ajuda) |isbn= (ajuda)Codium é um género de algas pertencente à família Codiaceae. Possui cerca de 50 espécies distribuídas por todo o mundo.
ミル属（学名：Codium）は、緑藻の属で、世界の海に50種ほどが分布する。日本ではミルが特によく知られ、他にクロミル、ヒラミルなど10数種がある。体は多数の細胞状構造（小嚢）からできているが、細胞質はすべて連続しており、全体が1つの多核体をなすのが特徴である。
この項目は、植物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めています（プロジェクト:植物／Portal:植物）。
