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Pionites ( Bretonca )

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Pionites a zo ur genad e rummatadur an evned, krouet e 1890 gant an evnoniour alaman Ferdinand Heine (1809-1894).

Spesadoù hag an isspesadoù anezhe[1]

Daou spesad a ya d'ober ar genad :

O c'havout a reer holl e Suamerika.

Liammoù diavaez


Commons
Muioc'h a restroù diwar-benn

a vo kavet e Wikimedia Commons.

Notennoù ha daveennoù

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Pionites: Brief Summary ( Bretonca )

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Pionites a zo ur genad e rummatadur an evned, krouet e 1890 gant an evnoniour alaman Ferdinand Heine (1809-1894).

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Pionites ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Pionites és un gènere d'ocells de la família dels psitàcids (Psittacidae).

Llista d'espècies

Aquest gènere ha estat classificat en 4 espècies:[1]

Referències

  1. Josep del Hoyo i Nigel J. Collar. Illustrated checklist of the birds of the world. Vol.1, Non passerines, 2014
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Pionites: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Pionites és un gènere d'ocells de la família dels psitàcids (Psittacidae).

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Pionites ( Çekçe )

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Amazónek (Pionites) je rod papoušků, do kterého jsou řazeny dva druhy amazónků. Patří sem amazónek černotemenný a amazónek bělobřichý, každý z nich je členěn na několik poddruhů. Podle své velikosti se řadí mezi menší papoušky. Dorůstají do výšky okolo 23 cm, váží přibližně 160 g a dožívají se až 35 let.

Historie amazónků rodu Pionites

V roce 1751 se objevila první zmínka o chovu amazónků, kdy došlo ke koupi amazónka neznámým londýnským obchodníkem. Prvním amazónkem, který se objevil v roce 1855 v anglické zoo, byl amazónek čenotemenný. Zajímavostí je, že v této době nebyl druh Pionites v Evropě vůbec známý. Do tohoto rodu byl zařazen o třicet pět let později. Předtím byl výskyt amazónků zaznamenán v jižním Mexiku, jihovýchodní Brazílii a Bolívii.

Chov a rozmnožování amazónků

V domácím odchovu amazónků převažují samečci. Nevýhodou při koupi dospělých jedinců se stává věk, minulost a neprokázané pohlaví. Amazónci mohou hnízdit ve věku dvou až tří let. Jako další nevýhoda u amazónků se jeví skutečnost, že jim snadno přerůstají zobáky a drápky, pokud nemají k dispozici nařezané větve. Amazónci hnízdí v dutinách vysoko v korunách stromů. Rozmnožovací cyklus, od spáření po opeření mladých, trvá přibližně 17 týdnů.

Potrava

Amazónci se živí především širokým výběrem z řad rostlin, semen a plodů.

Druhy a poddruhy

  • amazónek černotemenný (Pionites melanocephalus)
    • amazónek černotemenný východní (Pionites melanocephalus melanocephalus)
    • Amazónek černotemenný západní (Pionites melanocephalus pallidus)
  • amazónek bělobřichý (Pionites leucogaster)
    • amazónek bělobřichý severní (Pionites leucogaster leucogaster)
    • amazónek bělobřichý ekvádorský (Pionites leucogaster xanthomerius)
    • amazónek bělobřichý západní (Pionites leucogaster xanthurus)

Literatura

  • LOW, Rosemary. Amazónci rodu Pionites. České Budějovice: DONA s.r. o., 2003. 86 s. ISBN 80-7322-042-3.
  • VAŠÍČEK, Milan. Amazónci a Amazóňané. Kosmonosy: BARKO Bělka, 2002. 192 s.

Externí odkazy

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Pionites: Brief Summary ( Çekçe )

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Amazónek (Pionites) je rod papoušků, do kterého jsou řazeny dva druhy amazónků. Patří sem amazónek černotemenný a amazónek bělobřichý, každý z nich je členěn na několik poddruhů. Podle své velikosti se řadí mezi menší papoušky. Dorůstají do výšky okolo 23 cm, váží přibližně 160 g a dožívají se až 35 let.

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Weißbauchpapageien ( Almanca )

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Dieser Artikel wurde aufgrund von formalen oder inhaltlichen Mängeln in der Qualitätssicherung Biologie zur Verbesserung eingetragen. Dies geschieht, um die Qualität der Biologie-Artikel auf ein akzeptables Niveau zu bringen. Bitte hilf mit, diesen Artikel zu verbessern! Artikel, die nicht signifikant verbessert werden, können gegebenenfalls gelöscht werden.

Lies dazu auch die näheren Informationen in den Mindestanforderungen an Biologie-Artikel.

Weißbauchpapageien (Pionites) sind eine Gattung der Neuweltpapageien, zu der zwei rezente Arten zählen. Beide Arten dieser Gattung kommen ausschließlich im Amazonasbecken vor. Sie werden im Anhang II des Washingtoner Artenschutzabkommens geführt und sind somit schutzbedürftig.

Erscheinungsbild

Die beiden Arten der Gattung Pionites sind mittelgroß und stämmig[1], haben einen kurzen eckigen Schwanz und einen kurzen, kräftigen Schnabel. Die Flügel sind eher kurz und rundlich.[2] Für beide Arten ist das cremeweiß gefärbte Brustgefieder charakteristisch, das sie von den übrigen Papageienarten unterscheidet und der Gattung ihren Namen gab. Bei beiden Formen tritt kein Geschlechtsdimorphismus auf. Jungtiere sind matter gefärbt.[3] Was die Gattung Pionites außerdem von anderen Papageien unterscheidet, ist ihre aufrechte Sitzhaltung.

Lebensweise

Weißbauchpapageien bilden in feuchtem Tropenwald kleine Gruppen von 10 oder weniger Tieren, in offenem Gelände sind sie selten zu beobachten. Während der Nahrungsaufnahme sind sie aber regelmäßig zu hören. Ihr Flug, typischerweise dicht über dem Blätterdach, ist schnell und gerade auf das Ziel zu.[1]

Systematik

Zur Gattung der Weißbauchpapageien gehören folgende zwei rezente Arten, deren Verbreitungsgebiet sich nicht überlappt[1]:

Verweise

Literatur

  • Curt af Enehjem, Papageien: Haltung, Zucht, Arten. Kosmos Verlag, Stuttgart 1979, ISBN 3-440-04764-4
  • Susanne und Werner Lantermann: Die Papageien Mittel- und Südamerikas. Arten, Haltung und Zucht. Verlag M.&M. Schaper, 1985, ISBN 3-7944-0149-2.
  • Ferdinand Heine junior in: Ferdinand Heine junior, Anton Reichenow: Nomenclator Musei Heineani Ornithologici; Verzeichniss der Vogel-Sammlung des Kgl. Oberamtmanns Ferdinand Heine. R. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin (biodiversitylibrary.org – 1882-1890).

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c Thomas S. Schulenberg, Douglas F. Stotz, Daniel F. Lane, John P. O'Neill, Theodore A. Parker III: Birds of Peru: Revised and Updated Edition Princeton University Press, 2010, ISBN 978-0691130231, S. 74.
  2. Steven L. Hilty: Birds of Venezuela. Princeton University Press, 2002, ISBN 978-1400834099, S. 340.
  3. Joseph M. Forshaw: Parrots of the World. University Press Group, 2010, ISBN 978-0691142852, S. 260.
  4. Enehjelm: Papageien: Haltung, Zucht, Arten. 1979, S. 51–52.
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Weißbauchpapageien: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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Dieser Artikel wurde aufgrund von formalen oder inhaltlichen Mängeln in der Qualitätssicherung Biologie zur Verbesserung eingetragen. Dies geschieht, um die Qualität der Biologie-Artikel auf ein akzeptables Niveau zu bringen. Bitte hilf mit, diesen Artikel zu verbessern! Artikel, die nicht signifikant verbessert werden, können gegebenenfalls gelöscht werden.

Lies dazu auch die näheren Informationen in den Mindestanforderungen an Biologie-Artikel.

Weißbauchpapageien (Pionites) sind eine Gattung der Neuweltpapageien, zu der zwei rezente Arten zählen. Beide Arten dieser Gattung kommen ausschließlich im Amazonasbecken vor. Sie werden im Anhang II des Washingtoner Artenschutzabkommens geführt und sind somit schutzbedürftig.

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Caique ( İngilizce )

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Caique (/kˈk/ or /kɑːˈk/[2]) refers to a group of four species of parrots in the genus Pionites endemic to the Amazon Basin in South America.

Name

The term "caique" is primarily used in aviculture, with ornithologists typically referring to them as the "black-headed parrot and "white-bellied parrot" (which is sometimes further split into three separate species - green-thighed parrot, yellow-tailed parrot and black-legged parrot) to describe the nominal species. They have historically been called the “seven-colored parrot”. They are relatively small and stocky, with a short, square tail and bright colors; this may be why they are referred to as “caique” based on the term for a similarly described Turkish vessel.

Description

The two primary nominal species are best distinguished by the black-headed caique's black crown; both have white “bellies”. Their typical weight is 150–170 grams, with the white-bellied species being the larger and heavier of the two nominal species. They can live up to 40 years, but this is not common in captivity.

Distribution and habitat

The black-headed caique is found north of the Amazon River, and the white-bellied caique south; there is a large area of overlap between ranges. They can produce fertile hybrids, but this is not common in the wild as it is in captivity. They generally prefer forested areas and subsist on fruit and seeds. Caiques are generally canopy dwellers, spending most of their time in the tops of trees, foraging and playing.

Taxonomy and systematics

Originally Pionites were classified as two species, the black-headed parrot and white-bellied parrot. However, recent morphological work has indicated that the white-bellied parrot should be split into three species based on plumage and leg coloration.[1] In the past these parrots were often allied with the conures or other South American parakeets. Recent mitochondrial and nuclear DNA work has found Pionites to be the sister taxon to the Deroptyus (the genus that contains the red-fan parrot); the two genera occupy a basal position in the tribe Arini.[3]

Natural history

Behavior and ecology

These parrots are found in the edges of forests and secondary-growth forests.[13] They usually forage on at higher levels in the canopy, although can also be found lower at forest edges. At least two members of the flock act as sentries during feeding time. Their diet consists of flowers, fruit, pulp, and seeds, although in captivity they are known to eat insects. Depending on the species and the location, they can breed from October to May at various times of the year. Caiques are high-nesting cavity birds and roost communally. They defend themselves in something like packs, together [reference or personal observation note needed or discuss in talks section]. This may help to explain their relative self-confidence, compared to other parrots. Caiques are also known to form ad-hoc defensive committees in response to predators. The number of the flock is usually around 10 to 30 individuals.[14] White-bellied caiques in the Tambopata National Reserve have been observed to be geophagous.[15]

The species of the white-bellied parrot complex is found in humid forest and wooded habitats in the Amazon south of the Amazon River in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru. It is generally fairly common throughout its range and is easily seen in a wide range of protected areas, such as the Manú National Park and Tambopata-Candamo in Peru, Cristalino State Park (near Alta Floresta), Xingu National Park and Amazônia National Park in Brazil, and Madidi National Park in Bolivia.

The black-headed parrot is found in forest (especially, but not exclusively, humid) and nearby wooded habitats in the Amazon north of the Amazon River and west of the Ucayali River in Brazil, northern Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela. It is generally fairly common and occurs in many protected areas throughout its range.

Caiques have a few unique ways of moving. They “surf” (described below), “hop” (when excited or to move quickly without flying), and “shuffle” (often in a rapid, backwards direction). They flip their wings rapidly, which exposes their red/orange patch under the wing, to potentially communicate to one another or other animals. They make different types of “purring” noises; some express wariness, others interest. They purr quietly when enjoying a drink. A startle call causes all caiques in the vicinity to take flight in random directions regardless of the initiator. A sound resembling a dead battery on a smoke detector is the typical contact call for the Black-headed Parrot.

When highly stimulated, caiques pin and flash their pupils, making their emotional state obvious. They are likely to attack and bite when displaying pinning and/or flashing eyes. Caiques are highly vocal and can inflict severely damaging bites. Caiques' wing feathers produce a distinctive whirring sound in flight.

Aviculture

Juvenile white-bellied caique on back playing

Caiques are growing in popularity in aviculture. The more commonly found species is the black-headed caique since it was introduced first in captivity, but the white-bellied caique's popularity is growing rapidly. Well-raised caiques bond well with humans and have a reputation as playful and energetic birds that enjoy playing with toys and lying on their backs. These birds sometimes perform a behavior unusual for avian species in which they roll over on their backs in apparent play-fighting with other caiques—sometimes called "wrestling".[16][17][18] They are not particularly good flyers, becoming tired and winded after only a short distance. They also tend to be clumsy and slow in the air compared to other birds. They often prefer to walk, jump, climb, ride other animals' backs, or hop as a mode of transportation. They are excellent climbers, with very strong feet and legs.

Caiques also exhibit a unique behavior known as "surfing", where the bird will vigorously rub its face, wings and chest against any nearby soft item (e.g. carpets, towels, cushions, crumpled paper, curtains or human hair) while using its beak to pull itself along. The bird will display jerky movements and may roll over several times. This behavior is thought to be a cleaning or bathing motion and occurs regardless of age or sex. In the wild, caiques use wet leaves for this behavior.[19]

In captivity caiques are capable of breeding at under three years of age.[20] They typically lay a clutch of four eggs, with incubation taking between 24 and 27 days. Most pairs will struggle to raise all four chicks; often the last chick to hatch will not survive unless it is taken for hand-rearing or co-parenting. Chicks are fed by both parents and remain in the nest box for approximately 70–75 days. Parents can be very affectionate towards their offspring and after the chicks have fledged they will return to the nest box each night with their parents where the family will roost as a group.

Conservation

The nominal species of black-headed caique and white-bellied caique are listed on Appendix 2 of CITES as a species of Least Concern but subspecies are more endangered; in reality, data is insufficient as with many parrots.

References

  1. ^ a b c del Hoyo, J., Collar, N. & Kirwan, G. M. (2014). Black-legged Parrot (Pionites xanthomerius). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D. A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) (2014). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/467506 Archived 2023-03-05 at the Wayback Machine on 24 October 2015)
  2. ^ Jones, Daniel (2003) [1917], Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), English Pronouncing Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 3-12-539683-2
  3. ^ Tavares, Erika Sendra, et al. "Phylogenetic relationships and historical biogeography of neotropical parrots (Psittaciformes: Psittacidae: Arini) inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences". Systematic Biology 55.3 (2006): 454–470.
  4. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Pionites leucogaster". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T62181308A95191855. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T62181308A95191855.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  5. ^ Collar, N., Kirwan, G. M. & Boesman, P. (2014). Green-thighed Parrot (Pionites leucogaster). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D. A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) (2014). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/54710 Archived 2023-03-05 at the Wayback Machine on 3 January 2015).
  6. ^ BirdLife International 2014. Pionites xanthurus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. . Downloaded on 3 January 2015.
  7. ^ del Hoyo, J., Collar, N. & Kirwan, G. M. (2014). Yellow-tailed Parrot (Pionites xanthurus). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D. A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) (2014). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/467507 Archived 2023-03-05 at the Wayback Machine on 3 January 2015).
  8. ^ BirdLife International (2015) Species factsheet: Pionites xanthomerius. Downloaded from "BirdLife International - conserving the world's birds". Archived from the original on 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2012-12-10. on 03/01/2015.
  9. ^ BirdLife International 2014. Pionites xanthomerius. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. . Downloaded on 3 January 2015.
  10. ^ BirdLife International (2016). "Pionites melanocephalus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T22686079A93098194. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22686079A93098194.en. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  11. ^ Collar, N. & Boesman, P. (2013). Black-headed Parrot (Pionites melanocephalus). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. & de Juana, E. (eds.) (2013). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from http://www.hbw.com/node/54709 Archived 2023-03-05 at the Wayback Machine on 3 January 2015).
  12. ^ BirdLife International (2015) Species factsheet: Pionites melanocephalus. Downloaded from "BirdLife International - conserving the world's birds". Archived from the original on 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2012-12-10.
  13. ^ Forshaw, J. M. 1973. Parrots of the World. Lansdowne Press, Melbourne, Australia. pp. 481–483.
  14. ^ Juniper, T., and M. Parr. 1998. Parrots. A Guide to Parrots of the World. Yale University Press, New Haven, CN pp. 503–505.
  15. ^ Gilardi Dissertation, 1996
  16. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Mango Kiwi Caique: Funny Play. YouTube.
  17. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Caiques wrestling. YouTube.
  18. ^ Jojo and Abu Caiques wrestle: Abu does somersault & Jojo headbutts. YouTube. Archived from the original on 2021-12-11.
  19. ^ Blanchard, Sally. "The Bird That Would Be King: The Black-headed Caique". Companion Parrots Magazine. Archived from the original on 23 October 2021. Retrieved 23 October 2021.
  20. ^ "clownparrots.com". Archived from the original on 2016-02-04. Retrieved 2016-02-03.

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Caique: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Caique (/kaɪˈiːk/ or /kɑːˈiːk/) refers to a group of four species of parrots in the genus Pionites endemic to the Amazon Basin in South America.

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Pionites ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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El género Pionites incluye a dos especies de caiques, pequeños loros sudamericanos.

Especies

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Pionites: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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El género Pionites incluye a dos especies de caiques, pequeños loros sudamericanos.

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Valkovatsa-aratit ( Fince )

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Valkovatsa-aratit (Pionites) on papukaijojen heimoon kuuluva lintusuku.

Lajit

Aiheesta muualla

Tämä lintuihin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Valkovatsa-aratit: Brief Summary ( Fince )

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Valkovatsa-aratit (Pionites) on papukaijojen heimoon kuuluva lintusuku.

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Pionites ( Fransızca )

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Pionites est un genre d'oiseaux de la famille des Psittacidae.

Liste d'espèces

Selon la classification de référence du Congrès ornithologique international (version 2.8, 2011)[1], ce genre comprend deux espèces :

Annexes

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

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Pionites: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Pionites est un genre d'oiseaux de la famille des Psittacidae.

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Pionites ( İtalyanca )

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Pionites Heine, 1890 è un genere di uccelli della famiglia degli Psittacidi, originari dell'Amazzonia.[1]

Descrizione

Al genere appartengono due specie di pappagalli compatti e forti, di taglia medio-piccola, molto belli, colorati, privi di dimorfismo sessuale.

I testanera sono occasionalmente conosciuti come "pappagalli dai sette colori", perché oltre ad avere gli occhi rossi, ogni caicco include nel suo piumaggio nero, verde, giallo, arancio, piume bianche e blu.

Biologia

Vivono di frutti e semi, passando la maggior parte del loro tempo fra le cime degli alberi, al foraggiamento e giocare. Le penne delle ali producono un caratteristico suono ronzante in volo.

Non sono particolarmente buoni volatori, si stancano facilmente dopo aver percorso brevi distanze. Tendono inoltre ad essere goffi e lenti in aria rispetto ad altri uccelli. Spesso preferiscono camminare, arrampicarsi, o saltare. Sono eccellenti arrampicatori, con i piedi e le gambe molto forti.

Hanno un sistema sociale che è un po' insolito per pappagalli. Tendono a vivere in un clan di cinque o dieci famiglie imparentate in un singolo albero enorme. Essi formano rapporti duraturi, positivi e negativi, con altri membri del clan. Sono estremamente competitivi per il territorio. Possono essere meno vincolati nella scelta della coppia rispetto ai grandi pappagalli. In cattività possono essere più amichevoli di altri pappagalli, diventa molto possessivi e gelosi del loro "compagno umano" rispetto ad altri membri della famiglia.

Sono stati soprannominati in avicoltura come "il pappagallo ballerino" per la loro abitudine di saltare e "ballare", soprattutto se incoraggiato da battimani ritmico.

Distribuzione e habitat

Sono nativi del bacino amazzonico in Sud America, con la testa nera a nord del Rio delle Amazzoni, e il ventre bianco al sud.

Generalmente preferiscono le zone boschive.

Tassonomia

Il genere Pionites comprende due specie:[1]

Allevamento

Storicamente, sono stati ritenuti non idonei come animali domestici, perché venivano catturati dai loro habitat e non accettavano la cattività. Questo venne smentito dai primi soggetti allevati a mano, che produsse degli esemplari docili e affettuosi.

L'allevamento in cattività sta crescendo notevolmente, la specie più comune è il caicco testanera primo ad essere introdotto in cattività, ma la popolarità del caicco ventrebianco è in rapida crescita. L'allevamento a mano, pratica divenuta molto comune, ha fatto sì che questa spicie diventasse l'animale da compagnia ideale, amano giocare con gli oggetti offerti e stare appollaiati sulla schiena.

Mostrano anche un comportamento univoco noto come surfing, dove l'uccello con vigore strofina il suo volto, ali e petto contro qualsiasi elemento vicino morbido (ad esempio tappeti, asciugamani, cuscini, carta sgualcita, tende o capelli umani), mentre usano il loro becco per stiracchiarsi. In questo, l'uccello mostrerà movimenti a scatti e può rotolare più volte. Questo comportamento è pensato per essere un movimento di pulizia o di balneazione e si verifica indipendentemente dall'età e dal sesso. In natura, usano le foglie bagnate, invece di tappeti o asciugamani.

Rispetto al volume di grandi pappagalli, sono abbastanza tranquilli, se adeguatamente addestrati. Hanno una chiamata particolare che è stata paragonata ad un rilevatore di fumo, utilizzate per la segnalazione e per entrare in contatto con i membri della famiglia che sono fuori del campo visivo. Questa chiamata è molto acuta e abbastanza forte per avvisare i membri attraverso la giungla o abitanti appartamenti vicini. Sono estremamente attivi, preferiscono un sacco di interazione fisica, prolifici. Possono essere diffidenti o aggressivi verso altre specie di pappagallo, quindi i potenziali acquirenti dovrebbero fare attenzione se hanno o intendono avere altri tipi di pappagalli. Possono anche essere molto esigenti di attenzione umana, un pappagallo molto testardo non facilmente distraibile con giochi o cibo se ha in mente altro.

Note

  1. ^ a b (EN) Gill F. and Donsker D. (eds), Family Psittacidae, in IOC World Bird Names (ver 9.2), International Ornithologists’ Union, 2019. URL consultato il 19 maggio 2014.

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Pionites: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

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Pionites Heine, 1890 è un genere di uccelli della famiglia degli Psittacidi, originari dell'Amazzonia.

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Baltapilvės papūgos ( Litvanca )

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Baltapilvės papūgos (lot. Pionites) – papūginių (Psittacidae) šeimos paukščių gentis, kurioje yra dvi rūšys.

Išvaizda

Kūnas nedidelis, kresnas, uodega trumpa ir suapvalinta. Pilvo ir krūtinės plunksnos baltos. Antsnapis ir posnapis gana stambūs ir ryškiai suapvalinti.

Paplitimas

Paplitusios Amazonijoje, rausvagalvės pietuose, o juodagalvės šiaurėje.

Gyvenimo būdas

Gyvena tankiuose tropiniuose miškuose. Maitinasi įvairių augalų vaisiais ir sėklomis. Kartais lesa ryžius, todėl gali pakenkti jų pasėliams. Didžiąją dalį gyvenimo praleidžia medžių lapijoje. Dažniausiai stebimos poromis arba nedidelėmis grupėmis.

Rūšys

Gentyje 2 rūšys:


Vikiteka

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Baltapilvės papūgos: Brief Summary ( Litvanca )

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Baltapilvės papūgos (lot. Pionites) – papūginių (Psittacidae) šeimos paukščių gentis, kurioje yra dvi rūšys.

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Pionites ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Vogels

Pionites is een geslacht van vogels uit de familie Psittacidae (papegaaien van Afrika en de Nieuwe Wereld).

Soorten

Het geslacht kent de volgende soorten:[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Pionites: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Pionites is een geslacht van vogels uit de familie Psittacidae (papegaaien van Afrika en de Nieuwe Wereld).

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Pionites ( Lehçe )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Pionites – rodzaj ptaka z podrodziny papug neotropikalnych (Arinae) w rodzinie papugowatych (Psittacidae).

Zasięg występowania

Rodzaj obejmuje gatunki występujące w Ameryce[3].

Morfologia

Długość ciała około 23 cm; masa ciała 130–170 g[4].

Systematyka

Etymologia

Pionites: rodzaj Pionus Wagler, 1832, piona; gr. -ιτης -itēs – przypominający[5].

Podział systematyczny

Do rodzaju należą następujące gatunki[6]:

Przypisy

  1. Pionites, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. F. Heine: Ordo V. Psittaci. Fam. Pionidae. W: F. Heine, A. Reichenow: Nomenclator Musei Heineani Ornithologici. Berlin: R. Friedländer & Sohn, 1890, s. 231. (łac.)
  3. F. Gill, D. Donsker (red.): Parrots & cockatoos (ang.). IOC World Bird List: Version 6.4. [dostęp 2017-02-01].
  4. N.J. Collar: Family Psittacidae (Parrots). W: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal: Handbook of the Birds of the World. Cz. 4: Sandgrouse to Cuckoos. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 1997, s. 457. ISBN 84-87334-22-9. (ang.)
  5. J.A. Jobling: Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology. W: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D.A. Christie, E. de Juana (red.): Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2017. [dostęp 2017-02-01]. (ang.)
  6. Systematyka i nazwy polskie za: P. Mielczarek, M. Kuziemko: Plemię: Arini Gray,GR, 1840 (Wersja: 2016-07-31). W: Kompletna lista ptaków świata [on-line]. Instytut Nauk o Środowisku Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. [dostęp 2017-02-01].
p d e
Papugowe (Psittaciformes) Królestwo: zwierzęta • Typ: strunowce • Podtyp: kręgowce • Gromada: ptaki • Rząd: papugowekakapowate
(Strigopidae)
podrodzina: kakapo (Strigopinae) – Strigops
podrodzina: nestory (Nestorinae) – Nestor
kakaduowate
(Cacatuidae)
podrodzina: nimfy (Nymphicinae) – Nymphicus
podrodzina: żałobnice (Calyptorhynchinae) – CalyptorhynchusZanda
podrodzina: kakadu (Cacatuinae)
plemię: MicroglossiniProbosciger
plemię: CacatuiniCallocephalonEolophusCacatua
papugowate
(Psittacidae) papugi wschodnie
(Psittaculidae)
podrodzina: sępice (Psittrichasinae) – Psittrichas • †MascarinusCoracopsis
podrodzina: papugi wschodnie (Psittaculinae)
plemię: MicropsittiniMicropsitta
plemię: PsittaculiniPolytelisAlisterusAprosmictusPrioniturusEclectusGeoffroyusPsittinusTanygnathusPsittacula • †Lophopsittacus • †Necropsittacus
podrodzina: damy (Loriinae)
plemię: PsittacelliniPsittacella
plemię: PlatycerciniPsephotusNorthiellaPsephotellusPurpureicephalusPlatycercusBarnardiusLathamusProsopeiaEunymphicusCyanoramphusPezoporusNeopsephotusNeophema
plemię: LoriiniOreopsittacusCharmosynaViniPhigysNeopsittacusParvipsittaLoriusPsitteutelesPseudeosChalcopsittaGlossopsittaEosTrichoglossusMelopsittacusPsittaculirostrisCyclopsitta
plemię: AgapornithiniBolbopsittacusLoriculusAgapornis

Układ filogenetyczny (podrodziny, plemiona, rodzaje) na podstawie:

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Pionites: Brief Summary ( Lehçe )

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Pionites – rodzaj ptaka z podrodziny papug neotropikalnych (Arinae) w rodzinie papugowatych (Psittacidae).

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Pionites ( Portekizce )

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Pionites é um gênero de aves da família Psittacidae.

As seguintes espécies são reconhecidas:[1]

Referências

  1. GILL, F.; DONSKER, D. (Eds.) (2013). «Parrots». IOC World Bird List (v.3.4). Consultado em 5 de setembro de 2013
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Pionites: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

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Pionites é um gênero de aves da família Psittacidae.

As seguintes espécies são reconhecidas:

Pionites melanocephalus (Linnaeus, 1758) Pionites leucogaster (Kuhl, 1820)
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Vitbukspapegojor ( İsveççe )

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Vitbukspapegojor (Pionites) är ett litet släkte med fåglar i familjen västpapegojor inom ordningen papegojfåglar som återfinns i Amazonområdet.[1] Vanligtvis omfattar släktet två arter, men Birdlife International har nyligen urskilt ytterligare två:

Referenser

  1. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T. A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood (2014) The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9 http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download, läst 2015-01-01

Externa länkar

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Vitbukspapegojor: Brief Summary ( İsveççe )

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Vitbukspapegojor (Pionites) är ett litet släkte med fåglar i familjen västpapegojor inom ordningen papegojfåglar som återfinns i Amazonområdet. Vanligtvis omfattar släktet två arter, men Birdlife International har nyligen urskilt ytterligare två:

Svarthuvad vitbukspapegoja (P. melanocephalus) Rosthuvad vitbukspapegoja (P. leucogaster) "Svartbent vitbukspapegoja" (P. [l.] xanthomerius) – urskiljs av Birdlife International som egen art "Gulstjärtad vitbukspapegoja" (P. [l.] xanthurus) – urskiljs av Birdlife International som egen art
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Pionites ( Vietnamca )

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Pionites là một chi chim trong họ Psittacidae.[1]

Các loài

Chú thích

  1. ^ Clements, J. F., T. S. Schulenberg, M. J. Iliff, B.L. Sullivan, C. L. Wood, and D. Roberson (2012). “The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.7.”. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 12 năm 2012.

Tham khảo

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Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Vẹt này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Pionites: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Pionites là một chi chim trong họ Psittacidae.

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Белобрюхие попугаи ( Rusça )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Класс: Птицы
Подкласс: Настоящие птицы
Инфракласс: Новонёбные
Семейство: Попугаевые
Подсемейство: Настоящие попугаи
Род: Белобрюхие попугаи
Международное научное название

Pionites Heine, 1890

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Систематика
на Викивидах
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на Викискладе
ITIS 177756NCBI 309865EOL 89131

Белобрюхие попугаи (лат. Pionites) — род птиц семейства попугаевых.

Внешний вид

Характерными признаками попугаев этого рода являются: коренастое телосложение, короткий и закруглённый хвост, оперённая уздечка. Имеют чисто-белое оперение на груди и брюшке. Надклювье и подклювье довольно крупное и сильно закруглённое.

Распространение

Обитают в Южной Америке в бассейне Амазонки.

Образ жизни

Населяют густые тропические леса. Питаются фруктами, семенами различных растений, иногда могут наносить вред, уничтожая на полях посевы риса.

Классификация

Род включает 2 вида.

Содержание

Это очень общительные и забавные попугаи.

Литература


Птица Это заготовка статьи по орнитологии. Вы можете помочь проекту, дополнив её.
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Белобрюхие попугаи: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

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Белобрюхие попугаи (лат. Pionites) — род птиц семейства попугаевых.

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シロハラインコ属 ( Japonca )

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Question book-4.svg
この記事は検証可能参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。
出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。2011年11月
シロハラインコ属 Pionites leucogaster - pet perching near books.jpg
キモモシロハラインコ
分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata 亜門 : 脊椎動物亜門 Vertebrata : 鳥綱 Aves : オウム目 Psittaciformes : オウム科 Psittacidae : シロハラインコ属 Pionites 学名 Pionites 和名 シロハラインコ属

シロハラインコ属(シロハラインコぞく、学名Pionites)は、オウム目インコ科の属である。2種が含まれる。原産地はブラジル北部のアマゾン熱帯雨林ベネズエラ南部そしてギアナ高地である。野生のシロハラインコは一般に森林地帯に好んで住み、果実や種子を食べて生活している。シロハラインコには、黒、緑、黄色、橙色、白、そして青、すべての色の羽が見られることから時に“七色インコ”と呼ばれることがある。

体長25cm前後、体重150g前後、頭と足が大きくがっしりした体つきをしている。瞳、虹彩は暗い赤、目の周りに明るい色のリングを持ち、尾は短くずんぐりした外見をしている。

[編集]

シロハラインコ属には次の2種が存在する

シロハラインコ(: White-Bellied Caique学名Pionites leucogaster
オレンジ / 黄色の頭部、白い腹部、緑の雨覆羽と背中、青みがかった羽毛、角色の湾曲した嘴、そしてピンク色の足をしている。シロハラインコはつがいか、小さな家族集団で群れることが多い。シロハラインコの亜種には、足の羽毛が黄色(緑ではなく)で足が黒いキモモシロハラインコ(: Yellow-thighed Caique学名P. l. xanthomeria)がある。キモモシロハラインコは、過去にシロハラインコとズグロシロハラインコの交雑種と考えられていたことがある。また、日本においてシロハラインコの名で流通しているものの殆どがキモモシロハラインコである。
 src=
ズグロシロハラインコ♀
ズグロシロハラインコ(: Black-Headed Caique、学名:Pionites melanocephala
黒い頭頂部、黄色から橙色の頭部、白い腹部、黄色い足の羽毛と下尾筒、緑の雨覆羽と背中、青みがかった羽毛、灰色がかった嘴、そして黒い色の足をしている。これらの彩色には細かなバリエーションが存在している。ズグロシロハラインコは30〜40羽の集団で群れることが多い。

飼育[編集]

シロハラインコは飼い鳥として人気が高まってきているが、種類としてはズグロシロハラインコがもっとも一般的である。シロハラインコはヒトによくなつき、ひっくり返っておもちゃ遊びを楽しむ愉快な鳥として知られている。彼らはとりわけ上手な飛行家というわけではなく、その代わりに移動のモードにあわせて、歩く、はねる、あるいは跳ぶことを好む。彼らの挙動はローリーロリキートのそれがもっとも近いと言われている。

シロハラインコはきちんとしつければ(もっと大きなオウムの最大音量に比べて)静かな鳥ではある。彼らは火災報知機の音にたとえられるような特有の呼び鳴きをして、見えないところにいる群れの仲間に警告を発したり、コンタクトをとったりする。この鳴き声はジャングルの中で群れの仲間に、あるいは隣接するアパートの住人に、警告を発するのに十分な、高く、つんざくような、そして大きな声である。彼らは非常に活発で、絶え間なく物をいじりまわすことを好み、遊ぶことが大好きであり、頻繁に物を齧る。彼らは他の種類のインコに対して強い警戒心を示したり、攻撃的になることがあるので、シロハラインコの購入を検討していて、他の種類のインコを飼っていたり、その計画のある場合は注意が必要である。彼らを遊ばせている時には常に高い注意を払っている必要がある。頑固で、めがねを盗むことや、齧られては困るものから気をそらすことは、お気に入りの小物やおもちゃで誘惑したとしても容易なことではない。

シロハラインコはヒトの物まねは苦手で、彼らの飼い鳥としての魅力はおしゃべりをする能力よりはむしろ、彼らの遊び戯れる様子にこそある。彼らは単語の物まねをすることができ、このときは低いがらがら声でしゃべる。また彼らは口笛の音をまねることもでき、中には新しい呼び声や旋律を作り出すためにレパートリーを創造的に再結合して、さらに大きなレパートリーを持つに至るものもある。また彼らは、電話の着信音や電子レンジのチンなどのような環境音を真似することを楽しみもする。

シロハラインコは独特な体臭がする。個体によっては強いにおいを持つものもおり、そのにおいは乾燥したボール紙のそれにたとえられる。購入を検討している場合は(他のペットでも同様であるが)事前に鳥に接して、彼らの体臭が不快に感じられないか確認したほうがよい。

性別[編集]

シロハラインコ属のいずれの種でもオスとメスはまったく同じ外見をしている。メスの方がやや大きいが、体重だけで性別を判別することはできない。性別を判別する手段は外科的な判別と DNA 検査しかない。

Sibley分類体系上の位置[編集]

オウム目 Psittaciformes

オウム科 Psittacidae
執筆の途中です この項目は、鳥類に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますポータル鳥類 - PJ鳥類)。
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シロハラインコ属: Brief Summary ( Japonca )

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シロハラインコ属(シロハラインコぞく、学名Pionites)は、オウム目インコ科の属である。2種が含まれる。原産地はブラジル北部のアマゾン熱帯雨林ベネズエラ南部そしてギアナ高地である。野生のシロハラインコは一般に森林地帯に好んで住み、果実や種子を食べて生活している。シロハラインコには、黒、緑、黄色、橙色、白、そして青、すべての色の羽が見られることから時に“七色インコ”と呼ばれることがある。

体長25cm前後、体重150g前後、頭と足が大きくがっしりした体つきをしている。瞳、虹彩は暗い赤、目の周りに明るい色のリングを持ち、尾は短くずんぐりした外見をしている。

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