Rhizophydiales

Life cycle of the pathogenic chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (images of Bd in pure culture grown in 1% tryptone)

Description: English: Cladochytrium replicatum growing on onion epidermis added to water collected from a temporary forest pond in the Oakmulgee District of the Talladega National Forest, Hale County, Alabama, USA. Pictured is a developing orange zoosporangium and a septate tubinate cell. Date: 1 May 2012. Source: Own work. Author: TelosCricket.

Description: English: Zoosporangia of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis strain 98-1810/3 visible as transparent spherical bodies growing in lake water on (a) freshwater arthropod and (b) algae. Date: August 2003. Source: Johnson ML, Speare R. Survival of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis in water: quarantine and disease control implications. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 2003 Aug [date cited]. Available from: URL: https://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol9no8/03-0145.htm. Author: Johnson/Speare (publication does not specify). Permission(Reusing this file): Public Domain rationale.

Description: English: A chytrid-infected frog (see en:Chytridiomycosis). Date: Published January 2008. Source: From Riders of a Modern-Day Ark. Gewin V. PLoS Biology Vol. 6, No. 1, e24 doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0060024. Author: Photo credit: Forrest Brem. Permission (Reusing this file): : This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Generic license.:. You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work to remix – to adapt the work Under the following conditions: attribution – You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5 CC BY 2.5 Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 truetrue. This file was published in a Public Library of Science journal. Their website states that the content of all PLOS journals is published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license (or its previous version depending on the publication date), unless indicated otherwise..

Photographer: Pascale van Rooij. Description: English: Clinical signs and pathology associated with infection due to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans.a) A naturally infected fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) found during a B. salamandrivorans-outbreak (Robertville, Belgium) showing several ulcers (white arrows) and excessive skin shedding;b) extensive ulceration (white arrows) at the ventral side of an infected fire salamander;c) skin section through an ulcer evidences abundant intracellular colonial thalli in all epidermal skin layers; immunohistochemical stain with polyclonal antibodies to B. dendrobatidis; scale bar 10 μm;d) magnification of the intracellular colonial thalli from micrograph c; immunohistochemical stain; scale bar 10 μm.Deutsch: Klinisches Bild und Pathologie einer Infektion mit Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans.a) Feuersalamander (Salamandra salamandra), bei einem Ausbruch in Robertville, Belgien, mit mehreren Geschwüren (weiße Pfeile) und ausgeprägten Hautläsionen;b) ausgedehnte Geschwüre (weiße Pfeile) auf der Bauchseite eines infizierten Feuersalamanders;c) der Hautquerschnitt durch ein Geschwür zeigt zahlreiche kolonienbildende Thalli in allen Hautschichten; immunohistochemische Färbung mit polyklonalen Antikörpern für Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, Maßstab 10 μm;d) Vergrößerung der intrazellulären Thalli aus Bild c), Maßstab 10 μm. Date: 25 November 2015. Source: Pascale van Rooij et al.: Amphibian chytridiomycosis: a review with focus on fungus-host interactions. In: Veterinary Research 2015; vol. 46, nr. 137, doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0266-0. Licensing[edit] : This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. :. You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work to remix – to adapt the work Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC BY 4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 truetrue.

Photographer: Pascale van Rooij. Description: English: Morphology of Batrachochytrium species in culture.a) Culture of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis on tryptone/gelatin-hydrolysate/lactose (TGhL)-broth, showing abundant mature zoosporangia (black arrow) containing zoospores and empty, discharged sporangia (white arrow);b) In culture (TGhL-broth) Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans is characterized by predominant monocentric thalli (black arrow), few colonial thalli (white arrow) and zoospore cysts with germ tubes (asterisk); scale bars 100 μm.Deutsch: Morphologie der Arten von Batrachochytrium in vitro.a) Kultur von Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, mit zahlreichen reifen Sporangien (schwarzer Pfeil) die Zoosporen enthalten, und leereSporangia (weißer Pfeil);b) In vitro zeichnet sich Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans durch vorwiegend monozentrische Thalli (schwarzer Pfeil) aus, er hat wenige kolonienbildende Thalli (weißer Pfeil) und eingekapselte Zoosporen mit Keimschläuchen (Sterne); Maßstab 100 μm. Date: 25 November 2015. Source: Pascale van Rooij et al.: Amphibian chytridiomycosis: a review with focus on fungus-host interactions. In: Veterinary Research 2015; vol. 46, nr. 137, doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0266-0. Licensing[edit] : This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. :. You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work to remix – to adapt the work Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC BY 4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 truetrue.

Description: Deutsch: BSAL Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans Hinweisschild im Naturschutzgebiet Hardenstein. Date: 3 April 2021, 13:44:32. Source: Own work. Author: Qwertzu111111. Camera location51° 25′ 03.58″ N, 7° 18′ 08.24″ E View all coordinates using: OpenStreetMap 51.417662; 7.302289.

Description: English: Scientists sample a rough-skinned newt for the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, or Bsal, at a pond near Portland, Oregon. Bsal is decimating wild salamander populations in Europe and could emerge in the U.S. through the captive amphibian trade. Date: 2016. Source: United States Geological Survey. Author: Brome McCreary, USGS. Public domain.

Description: English: Fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) covered with Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans ulcerations, which are visible as black spots (photo credit = F. Pasmans). Date: 10 December 2015. Source: doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005251. Author: F. Pasmans. Other versions: : This file has been extracted from another file: Fire salamander covered with Bsal ulcerations.PNG : .

Summary.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: Hinweisschild vom Naturpark Sauerland-Rothaargebirge auf Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Salamanderpest) am Wanderparkplatz Im Schwinkel im Landschaftsschutzgebiet Medebacher Süden: Talräume und Hangflächen um Berge und Dreislar. Source: Own work. Author: Falkmart.

Summary.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#f8f9fa;padding:5px;font-size:95%;border-spacing:2px;box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;width:100%}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:4px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{background:#ccf;text-align:right;padding-right:0.4em;width:15%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{border-top:0;padding-top:0;margin-top:-8px}@media only screen and (max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table.fileinfotpl-type-information{border-spacing:0;padding:0;word-break:break-word;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody{display:block}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr>th,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr>th{padding:0.2em 0.4em;text-align:left;text-align:start}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output.fileinfotpl-type-information>tbody>tr{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+table.commons-file-information-table,.mw-parser-output.commons-file-information-table+div.commons-file-information-table>table{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output.fileinfo-paramfield{box-sizing:border-box;flex:1 0 100%;width:100%}} Description: Hinweisschild vom Naturpark Sauerland-Rothaargebirge am Wanderparkplatz Im Schwinkel im Landschaftsschutzgebiet Medebacher Süden: Talräume und Hangflächen um Berge und Dreislar; mit Zusatzschild auf Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Salamanderpest). QuelleEigenes Werk. Source: Own work. Author: Falkmart.

Description: English: Fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) covered with Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans ulcerations, which are visible as black spots (photo credit = F. Pasmans). Date: 10 December 2015. Source: doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1005251. Author: F. Pasmans, derivative work Lämpel. Other versions: Original. : This is a retouched picture, which means that it has been digitally altered from its original version. Modifications: Deutsch: Tiefen angehoben, Schlagschatten maskiert, Sättigung, Farbe und Kontrast optimiert. The original can be viewed here: Fire salamander covered with Bsal ulcerations.PNG: . Modifications made by Lämpel.

Photographer: Pascale van Rooij. Description: English: Lifecycle of Batrachochytrium species in culture. In culture Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis continues the life cycle stages A–E, while in Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans additional life cycle stages B1-B2 are observed: (A) flagellated motile zoospores; (B) encysted zoospore; (B1) germling with germtube; (B2) transfer of the cell contents into a newly formed thallus; (C) zoospore cyst with rhizoids; (D) immature sporangium; (E) mature monocentric zoosporangium with discharge tube (at the right), colonial thallus containing several sporangia, each with their own discharge tube (at the left).Deutsch: Lebenszyklus der Arten von Batrachochytrium in vitro. Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis durchläuft nur die Entwicklungsstadien A–E, während bei Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans zusätzlich die Stadien B1-B2 vorkommen: (A) begeißelte bewegliche Zoospore; (B) eingekapselte Zoospore; (B1) Zoospore in der Entwicklung; (B2) Übertragung des Zelleninhalts in einen neuen Thallus; (C) Zoospore mit Rhizoid; (D) unreifes Sporangium; (E) reifes monozentrisches Sporangium entlässt Zoosporen durch einen einzigen Schlauch (rechts), kolonienbildender Thallus mit mehreren Sporangien, jedes mit eigenem Schlauch (links). Date: 25 November 2015. Source: Pascale van Rooij et al.: Amphibian chytridiomycosis: a review with focus on fungus-host interactions. In: Veterinary Research 2015; vol. 46, nr. 137, doi:10.1186/s13567-015-0266-0. Licensing[edit] : This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. :. You are free: to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work to remix – to adapt the work Under the following conditions: attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 CC BY 4.0 Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 truetrue.

Description: English: A member of Rhizophydiales (strain WJD126) growing on nutrient agar. Note the discharge papillae near the 12 o'clock position. Date: 19 June 2013. Source: Own work. Author: TelosCricket.

Longitude (deg): -2.1. Latitude (deg): 54.0. Longitude (deg/min): 2° 10' W. Latitude (deg/min): 54° 10' N. Vice county name: Mid-west Yorks. Vice county no.: 64. Country: England. Stage: Infection. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on Asterionella in plankton sample. Category: microscope photograph. Image scaling: magnified. Photographic equipment used: Canon EOS10D dSLR and Meiji microscope with x2.5 projection eye-piece. DPI defaulting to 72.

Longitude (deg): -2.1. Latitude (deg): 54.0. Longitude (deg/min): 2° 10' W. Latitude (deg/min): 54° 10' N. Vice county name: Mid-west Yorks. Vice county no.: 64. Country: England. Stage: Infection. Identified by: Malcolm Storey. Comment: on Asterionella in plankton sample. Category: microscope photograph. Image scaling: magnified. Photographic equipment used: Canon EOS10D dSLR and Meiji microscope with x2.5 projection eye-piece. DPI defaulting to 72.