dcsimg

Comments ( İngilizce )

eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Rubus fasciculatus var. tomentosus Cardot (Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 314. 1917), described from Yunnan based on P. Ngueou s.n. and Ducloux 5147, is probably a synonym of R. ellipticus; the present authors have not seen the syntypes.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of China Vol. 9: 212 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
düzenleyici
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Description ( İngilizce )

eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Shrubs 1–3 m tall. Branchlets purplish brown or brownish, pubescent, with sparse, curved prickles and dense, purplish brown bristles or glandular hairs. Leaves imparipinnate, 3-foliolate; petiole 2–6 cm, petiolule of terminal leaflet 2–3 cm, lateral leaflets subsessile, petiolule and rachis purplish red bristly, pubescent, with minute prickles; stipules linear, 7–11 mm, pubescent, with intermixed glandular hairs; blade of leaflets elliptic or obovate, 4–8(–12) × 3–6(–9) cm, terminal leaflet much larger than lateral leaflets, abaxially densely tomentose, with purplish red bristles along prominent veins, adaxially veins impressed, pubescent along midvein, base rounded, margin unevenly minute sharply serrate, apex acute, abruptly pointed, shallowly cordate, or subtruncate. Inflorescences terminal, dense glomerate racemes, (1.5–)2–4 cm, flowers several to 10 or more, or flowers several in clusters in leaf axils, rarely flowers solitary; rachis and pedicels pubescent, bristly; bracts linear, 5–9 mm, pubescent. Pedicel 4–6 mm. Flowers 1–1.5 cm in diam. Calyx abaxially pubescent, intermixed yellowish tomentose, sparsely bristly; sepals erect, ovate, 4–5(–6) × 2–3(–4) mm, abaxially densely yellowish gray tomentose, apex acute and abruptly pointed. Petals white or pink, spatulate, longer than sepals, margin premorse, densely pubescent, base clawed. Stamens numerous, shorter than petals; filaments broadened and flattened basally. Ovary pubescent; styles glabrous, slightly longer than stamens. Aggregate fruit golden yellow, subglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., glabrous or drupelets pubescent at apex; pyrenes triangular-ovoid, densely rugulose. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. Apr–May. 2n = 14.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of China Vol. 9: 212 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
düzenleyici
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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eFloras

Distribution ( İngilizce )

eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, S Xizang, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sikkim, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam].
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of China Vol. 9: 212 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
düzenleyici
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
proje
eFloras.org
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eFloras

Distribution ( İngilizce )

eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Himalaya (Swat to Bhutan), Assam, Ceylon, Burma, east to W. China, Philippines.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
yazar
K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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Elevation Range ( İngilizce )

eFloras tarafından sağlandı
1700-2300 m
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
yazar
K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
proje
eFloras.org
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kaynağı ziyaret et
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eFloras

Habitat ( İngilizce )

eFloras tarafından sağlandı
Slopes, montane valleys, sparse forests, thickets, roadsides; 300--2600 m.
lisans
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliyografik atıf
Flora of China Vol. 9: 212 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
kaynak
Flora of China @ eFloras.org
düzenleyici
Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
proje
eFloras.org
orijinal
kaynağı ziyaret et
ortak site
eFloras

Comprehensive Description ( İngilizce )

North American Flora tarafından sağlandı
Rubus ellipticus Smith, in Rees, Cycl. 30: Rubus no. 16. 1815,
Rubus Gowry-phul Roxb. Hort. Beng. 39; hyponym. 1814. Rubus ft avits Hamilton; D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. 234. 1825. Rubus Gowreephul Roxb. Fl. Ind. 2: 517. 1832.
Stems perennial, 1-5 m. high, obscurely angled, villous-tomentose and hispid with long reddish hairs, armed with recurved, somewhat flattened, pubescent prickles; leaves" ternate 1 ; stipules subulate, 5-8 mm. long; petioles, petiolules, and midveins tomentose, hispid, and armed with recurved prickles; petioles 3-7 cm. long; leaflets 5-10 cm. long, coriaceous, dark-green and nearly glabrous above, white-tomentose and with prominent veins beneath, orbicular, oval, or elliptic, obovate, obtuse, or abruptly short-acuminate at the apex, rounded at the base, sharply and finely double-serrate; petiolule of the median leaflet 2-3 cm. long, those of the lateral ones usually less than 5 mm. long; panicles small, terminal and axillary; bracts setaceous; pedicels, hypanthium, and sepals tomentose, sometimes bristly, the last oval, mucronate; petals white, obovate, about 8 mm. long; fruit hemispheric, on a dry receptacle; drupelets numerous, golden-yellow, silky; putamen rugose.
Type locality: Nepal, India.
Distribution: Mountains of Jamaica, introduced and naturalized; native of India.
bibliyografik atıf
Per Axel Rydberg. 1913. ROSACEAE (pars). North American flora. vol 22(5). New York Botanical Garden, New York, NY

Comprehensive Description ( İngilizce )

Smithsonian Contributions to Botany tarafından sağlandı
Rubus ellipticus Smith

Rubus ellipticus Smith, in Rees Cycl. 30, n. 16, 1815.

SPECIMENS SEEN.—Hawaii I.: Wright Road Farm lots, just below Kilauea, 1140 m, Fosberg 41609 (US, BISH, Fo).
bibliyografik atıf
Fosberg, F. Raymond and Sachet, Marie-Hélène. 1975. "Polynesian Plant Studies 1-5." Smithsonian Contributions to Botany. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.5479/si.0081024X.21

Rubus ellipticus ( Azerice )

wikipedia AZ tarafından sağlandı


Rubus ellipticus (lat. Rubus ellipticus) - gülçiçəyikimilər fəsiləsinin moruq cinsinə aid bitki növü.

Mənbə


Inula britannica.jpeg İkiləpəlilər ilə əlaqədar bu məqalə qaralama halındadır. Məqaləni redaktə edərək Vikipediyanı zənginləşdirin.
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Rubus ellipticus: Brief Summary ( Azerice )

wikipedia AZ tarafından sağlandı


Rubus ellipticus (lat. Rubus ellipticus) - gülçiçəyikimilər fəsiləsinin moruq cinsinə aid bitki növü.

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Rubus ellipticus ( Almanca )

wikipedia DE tarafından sağlandı

Rubus ellipticus, selten Gelbe Himalaya-Himbeere oder Himalaya-Wildhimbeere genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Rubus innerhalb der Familie der Rosengewächse (Rosaceae).[1] Sie ist im südlichen Asien weitverbreitet und in vielen Gebieten der Welt ein Neophyt. Sie kann vielseitig genutzt werden.

Beschreibung

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Zweig mit borstiger Behaarung und Stacheln
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Zweige mit dreiteilig unpaarig gefiederten Laubblättern
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Laubblätter, Blütenknospen und Blüte
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Behaarte Blattunterseite mit erhabenen Blattadern und gelbe Sammelfrüchte

Erscheinungsbild und Blatt

Rubus ellipticus wächst als immergrüner Strauch, der Wuchshöhen von 1 bis 3 Metern erreicht. Die Rinde der Zweige ist purpurfarben-braun oder bräunlich und anfangs flaumig behaart. Auf den Zweigen befinden sich spärlich verteilt gekrümmte Stacheln und sie sind dicht mit purpurfarben-braunen Borsten oder Drüsenhaaren bedeckt.[1]

Die wechselständig angeordneten Laubblätter sind in Blattstiel und Blattspreite gegliedert. Der Blattstiel ist 2 bis 6 Zentimeter lang. Die Blattspreite ist unpaarig dreiteilig gefiedert. Die zwei seitlichen Fiederblätter sind fast sitzend und das Endfiederblatt ist 2 bis 3 Zentimeter lang gestielt. Die Blattrhachis und der Fiederblattstiel ist mit purpurroten, winzigen stacheligen Haaren bedeckt. Die Spreiten der Fiederblätter sind bei einer Länge von 4 bis 8, selten bis zu 12 Zentimetern sowie einer Breite von 3 bis 6, selten bis zu 9 Zentimetern elliptisch oder verkehrt-eiförmig mit gerundetem Grund und spitzem oberen Ende, das abrupt zugespitzt, etwas herzförmig oder fast gestutzt ist. Der Rand der Fiederblätter ist ungleich winzig, scharf gesägt. Die Unterseite der Fiederblätter ist dicht filzig behaart und besitzt purpurrote Borstenhaare entlang der erhabenen Blattadern. Auf der Oberseite der Fiederblätter ist nur die Mittelader flaumig behaart. Das Endfiederblatt ist viel größer als die seitlichen. Die zwei flaumig und drüsig behaarten Nebenblätter sind bei einer Länge von 7 bis 11 Millimetern linealisch.[1]

Blütenstand und Blüte

Die Blütezeit reicht in China von März bis April.[1] Der entständige, dicht knäuelige, traubige Blütenstand ist selten 1,5 bis meist 2 bis 4 Zentimeter lang und enthält einige bis zu zehn oder mehr Blüten. Auch in den Blattachseln befinden sich eine bis meist einige Blüten. Die Blütenstandsachsen und Blütenstiele sind borstig behaart. Die flaumig behaarten Tragblätter sind bei einer Länge von 5 bis 9 Millimetern linealisch. Der Blütenstiel ist 4 bis 6 Millimeter lang.[1]

Die zwittrigen Blüten sind bei einem Durchmesser von 1 bis 1,5 Zentimetern radiärsymmetrisch und fünfzählig mit doppelter Blütenhülle. Die fünf aufrechten Kelchblätter sind auf der Unterseite dicht gelblich-grau filzig sowie spärlich borstig behaart und bei einer Länge von 4 bis 5, selten bis zu 6 Millimetern sowie einer Breite von 2 bis 3, selten bis zu 4 Millimetern eiförmig mit spitzem oberen Ende, das abrupt zugespitzt ist. Die Kronblätter sind länger als die Kelchblätter. Die fünf freien weißen oder rosafarbenen Kronblätter sind genagelt, spatelförmig und dicht flaumig behaart. Die vielen freien Staubblätter überragen die Kronblätter nicht. Die Staubfäden sind an ihrer Basis verbreitert und abgeflacht. Die Fruchtknoten sind flaumig behaart. Die kahlen Griffel sind etwas länger als die Staubblätter.[1]

Frucht

Die kahlen oder am oberen Ende flaumig behaarten Steinfrüchte stehen in einer bei einem Durchmesser von etwa 1 Zentimeter fast kugeligen Sammelfrucht zusammen. Die Früchte färben sich bei Reife in China im April bis Mai gelb. Die dreieckig-eiförmigen Steinkerne besitzen eine runzelige Oberfläche.[1]

Chromosomensatz

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 14.[1]

Vorkommen

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Bestand als invasive Pflanze in Hawaii
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Vegetative Vermehrung an den Sprossachsen
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Dreiteilige Laubblätter und fünfzählige Blüten von Rubus ellipticus var. obcordatus

Rubus ellipticus ist in Asien von Sri Lanka, Indien, Pakistan, Sikkim, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam und China bis zu den Philippinen (nur Luzon) weitverbreitet.[2] In den chinesischen Provinzen Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan, Yunnan sowie im südlichen Tibet gedeiht sie an Straßenrändern, in Dickichten, an Hängen, in lichten Wäldern und in Bergtälern in Höhenlagen von 300 bis 2600 Metern.[1]

Rubus ellipticus in vielen Gebieten der Welt ein Neophyt, beispielsweise in Tansania, Malawi, Mosambik, Australien, Ecuador, auf Hawaii und auf Karibischen Inseln.[2][3]

In einigen Ländern der Welt, beispielsweise auf Hawaii, wird Rubus ellipticus als invasive Pflanze bewertet. Sie hat ein Potential, autochthone Pflanzenart zu verdrängen. Sie kann undurchdringliche Dickichte bilden.[3]

Systematik

Die Erstbeschreibung von Rubus ellipticus erfolgte 1819 durch James Edward Smith in Abraham Rees: The Cyclopaedia; or, Universal dictionary of arts, sciences, and literature, Volume 30, Rubus no. 16.[4][5]

Rubus ellipticus gehört zur Untergattung Idaeobatus der Gattung Rubus.

Von Rubus ellipticus gibt es zwei Varietäten:[1]

  • Rubus ellipticus Sm. var. ellipticus: Sie ist in Sri Lanka, im nordöstlichen Indien, Pakistan, Sikkim, Bhutan, Nepal, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, China und auf den Philippinen verbreitet.[1]
  • Rubus ellipticus var. obcordatus (Franchet) Focke (Syn.: Rubus ellipticus f. obcordatus Franch., Rubus obcordatus (Franch.) Thuan): Sie ist in China, Indien, Laos, Thailand und Vietnam verbreitet.[1]

Nutzung

Sie wird als Zierpflanze in Parks und Gärten verwendet.[2]

Die Früchte werden roh oder gegart gegessen. Die gold-gelbe Frucht soll einen guten himbeerartigen Geschmack besitzen, eine Mischung von süß mit angenehmer Säure. Die jährliche Ernte aus Wildbestände im Himalaya wird mit 750 g von einem Exemplar das eine Fläche von 2,5 m² bedeckt angegeben. Die Frucht enthält etwa 10,9 % Zucker, 1,1 % Proteine, 0.,5 % Asche, 0,55 % Pektin.[6] Sie wird als Beerenobst angebaut.[3]

Ein purpurfarbener bis blass-blauer Farbstoff wird aus der Frucht gewonnen. Rubus ellipticus wird zur Verringerung von Bodenerosion angepflanzt.[6]

Die medizinischen Wirkungen wurden untersucht.[6] Beispielsweise wird die innere Rindenschicht in der traditionellen tibetanischen Medizin eingesetzt.

Quellen

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d e f g h i j k l Lu Lingdi, David E. Boufford: Rubus.: Rubus ellipticus, S. 212 - textgleich online wie gedrucktes Werk, In: Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Hrsg.): Flora of China. Volume 9: Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae, Science Press und Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing und St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-14-8
  2. a b c Rubus ellipticus im Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Abgerufen am 28. Dezember 2014.
  3. a b c Datenblatt Rubus ellipticus bei Global Invasive Species Database der Invasive Species Specialist Group = ISSG der IUCN Species Survival Commission. Zuletzt abgerufen am 28. Dezember 2014.
  4. Erstveröffentlichung eingescannt bei biodiversitylibrary.org.
  5. Rubus ellipticus bei Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis Abgerufen am 28. Dezember 2014.
  6. a b c Rubus ellipticus bei Plants For A Future, abgerufen am 28. Dezember 2014.

Weblinks

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Rubus ellipticus: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

wikipedia DE tarafından sağlandı

Rubus ellipticus, selten Gelbe Himalaya-Himbeere oder Himalaya-Wildhimbeere genannt, ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Rubus innerhalb der Familie der Rosengewächse (Rosaceae). Sie ist im südlichen Asien weitverbreitet und in vielen Gebieten der Welt ein Neophyt. Sie kann vielseitig genutzt werden.

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ऐंसेलु ( Nepalce )

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 src=
पाकेको ऐंसेलु

ऐंसेलु (English: golden Himalayan raspberry or as yellow Himalayan raspberry)[२] पहाडी फल हो यो फल रंगको आधारमा ३ थरीको हुन्छ । यो फल चैत्र देखि लिएर साउनसम्म पाक्ने गर्दछ। मुख्यतः रातो ऐंसेलु सर्वत्र देख्न पाइन्छ । तर अरु जातको ऐंसेलु भने कतै कतै मात्र देखिन्छ । ऐंसेलुको फल ओखल जस्तै हुन्छ । यसको फल काँचो छँदा पत्रदलले ढाकेको हुन्छ ।

ऐंसेलुको प्रकार

ऐंसेलुको बिभिन्न नाम तथा फल पातको विवरण यस प्रकार छन ।

रातो ऐंसेलु

 src=
रातो ऐंसेलु

यो जातको ऐंसेलु पहाडी भेगको सबै ठाउँमा हुन्छ। यसको फल काँचोमा हरियो र पाकि सकेपछि रातो (सुन्तला रंग) हुने हुनाले यसलाई रातो ऐंसेलु भनिन्छ। यसको वोट एक झाडी आकारको हुन्छ। रातो ऐंसेलु पनि २ प्रकारको हुन्छ। एक ठूलो झाडी र फलको स्वाद गुलियो हुन्छ भने अर्को सानो वोट भएको र फलको स्वाद अलि अमिलो हुन्छ। पहिलो खालको ऐंसेलुको पात फुस्रो हरियो हुन्छ भने दोस्रो ऐंसेलुको पात चिल्लो हरियो हुन्छ। पहिलो जातको ऐंसेलुको काँडा केही कम हुन्छ भने दोस्रो जातको ऐंसेलुको काँडा धेरै खतरनाक हुन्छ। पहिलो जातको चैत देखि जेठको अन्त सम्म पाकेको पाइन्छ भने दोस्रो जातको ऐंसेलु जेठको अन्तमा पाकेको हुन्छ।

कालो ऐंसेलु

 src=
कालो ऐंसेलु

कालो ऐंसेलु लहराको रूपमा फैलिएको हुन्छ। यसको पातको आकार गोलो हुन्छ। पातको बाहिर पट्टीको रंग सेतो र भित्र पट्टी हरियो हुन्छ। यसको काँडा अरु ऐंसेलु भन्दा कम हुन्छ। यसको फलको रंग काँचो छँदा हरियो पाकि सकेपछी कालो हुन्छ।

छारे ऐंसेलु

यो ऐंसेलुको फलको रंगमा खरानी (छारो) छरे जस्तो हुने हुनाले यसलाई छारे ऐंसेलु भनिन्छ। यसलाई कतै कतै जोगी ऐंसेलु पनि भनिन्छ। यो ऐंसेलुकोपनि कालो ऐंसेलु जस्तै लहरा हुन्छ। यो ऐंसेलुको काँडा अरु ऐंसेलु भन्दा धेरै घातक हुन्छ। यसको काँडा बिरालोको नङ्ग्रा जस्तै उल्टो फर्केको हुन्छ। यसको पातको रंग बाहिर पट्टी सेतो र भित्र पट्टी चिल्लो हरियो हुन्छ। यो ऐंसेलु जेठको अन्त देखि लिएर साउन सम्म पाकेको पाइन्छ।

सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू

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ऐंसेलु: Brief Summary ( Nepalce )

wikipedia emerging languages tarafından sağlandı
 src= पाकेको ऐंसेलु

ऐंसेलु (English: golden Himalayan raspberry or as yellow Himalayan raspberry) पहाडी फल हो यो फल रंगको आधारमा ३ थरीको हुन्छ । यो फल चैत्र देखि लिएर साउनसम्म पाक्ने गर्दछ। मुख्यतः रातो ऐंसेलु सर्वत्र देख्न पाइन्छ । तर अरु जातको ऐंसेलु भने कतै कतै मात्र देखिन्छ । ऐंसेलुको फल ओखल जस्तै हुन्छ । यसको फल काँचो छँदा पत्रदलले ढाकेको हुन्छ ।

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Rubus ellipticus ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Ainselu (Golden Himalayan Raspberry) from Kathmandu, Nepal

Rubus ellipticus, commonly known as ainselu,[3] golden evergreen raspberry,[4] golden Himalayan raspberry, or yellow Himalayan raspberry,[5] is an Asian species of thorny fruiting shrub in the rose family. It is native to China, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Indochina, and the Philippines.[6]

Description

Ainselu (Golden Himalayan Raspberry) from Nepal
Ainselu (Golden Himalayan Raspberry) from Nepal

The golden Himalayan raspberry is a large shrub with stout stems that can grow to up to 4.5 metres (15 ft) long. Its leaves are trifoliate, elliptic, or obovate and toothed with long bristles. Its leaves can grow to up to 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 in) long. Its flowers are short, white, and have five petals and grow in clusters, and blooms in the Himalayas between the months of February and April. Its fruit are sweet, detachable, and highly sought after by birds and elephants.[7][8][9][10]

Rubus ellipticus is sweet to the taste, though it is not commonly harvested for domestic use.[11] The fruit perishes quickly after plucking from the thorny bush.

The bark from this plant is used for medical reasons in Tibetan villages, mainly as a renal tonic and an antidiuretic.[11] Its juices can also be used to treat coughs, fevers, colic and sore throat.[12] The plant can also be used to make a bluish-purple dye.[11]

Etymology

The fruit has various names in South-Asian languages. It is called ainselu (Nepali: ऐँसेलु) in Nepali, hisalu (Kumaoni: हिसालु) in Kumaoni, hisol (Garhwali: हिसोल) in Garhwali, nyinch (Nyishi: निंच) in Nyishi, and sohshiah (Khasi: सोहशियाह) in Khasi language.

Ecology

The golden Himalayan raspberry's origin is in the temperate Himalayas region, and is native to India, Pakistan, Nepal and China. It is found as a weed in open grasslands and rarely in forests of Himalayan states of India e.g. Himachal and Uttarakhand in their higher reaches at an attitude of 1,500 to 2,100 m (4,900 to 6,900 ft).[13] It is often found in pine forests of the region.[14]

The golden Himalayan raspberry can be found in mesic or wet forests, and have adapted to be able to live in complete shade and in full sun exposure.[9] As with other Rubus species, its seeds are readily distributed by birds.[15] It can also propagate, or asexually reproduce, itself through cutting.[16] It can grow in open fields or in canopies of moist forests.

The Himalayan raspberry can also support large populations of Drosophila, or fruit flies, from its rotting fruit,[8] and its fruits are also consumed by elephants.[17]

Fruit of Rubus ellipticus ( Ilam, Nepal)

Invasiveness

Rubus ellipticus (flowers and leaves
Prickly stem of R. ellipticus

Rubus ellipticus is listed in the IUCN Invasive Species Specialist Group database as an Invasive species, one of the World's 100 worst invasive species.[8] It was first introduced in 1961 in Hawaii as an edible fruit and as an ornamental plant.[9]

The yellow Himalayan raspberry poses a threat to native communities because it forms thick, impenetrable thickets, and competes with the native Hawaiian raspberry.[8][11] Abandoned farms and lands disturbed by feral pig populations are also susceptible to invasion. Its ability to grow tall due to its stout stems is also a threat because of its ability to establish itself within the tree canopy.[10] The yellow Himalayan raspberry is also a threat to native flora because it can outcompete other plants. More specifically, it has higher photosynthetic rates, has higher Nitrogen Fixation rates, and therefore a higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (or PNUE).[16]

The yellow Himalayan raspberry is currently only invasive on Hawaii.[10] It is considered a noxious weed by the National Park Service and the Hawaiian Department of Agriculture.[15]

Control strategies

Due to its limited range, the golden Himalayan raspberry has been contained to a few stations on Hawaii. Any new populations are to be eliminated as quickly as possible.[15] Control practices at Hawaii Volcanoes National Park has shown that simply identifying and removing the shrub can help dramatically reduce its invasive impact.[18]

To fully eliminate a yellow Himalayan raspberry shrub, its roots systems must be pulled out. The shrub shoots out roots deep underground after a fire or cutting. Fire can be applied to the roots if the shrub has been removed by physical means. Herbicide, such as Roundup, a common pesticide, can also be used in containing the shrub.[9]

Other uses

Nepal farmers have had limited success in harvesting and fermenting the aiselu fruit to produce a fruit wine.[19] In Sikkim, its roots are used to treat stomach pain and headaches, and its fruits are used to treat indigestion.[20]

The fruits of golden Himalayan raspberry was recorded as rich source of phenolics, beta-carotines, ascorbic acid (vitamin C), many other important metabolites and antioxidants.[21]

See also

References

  1. ^ "The Plant List, Rubus ellipticus Sm".
  2. ^ {{Tropical Plants Database, Ken Fern. tropical.theferns.info. 2021-09-11. }}
  3. ^ "Aiselu Wine: A Community Project in Nepal". Aiselu Wine: A Community Project in Nepal. Retrieved 2020-06-11.
  4. ^ "Useful Tropical Plants".
  5. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Rubus ellipticus". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 25 October 2015.
  6. ^ "Rubus ellipticus Smith, 1815. 椭圆悬钩子 tuo yuan xuan gou zi". Flora of China.
  7. ^ Chen, Jin; et al. (2006). "Diet composition and foraging ecology of Asian elephants in Shangyong, Xishuangbanna, China". Acta Ecologica Sinica. 26 (2): 309–316. doi:10.1016/S1872-2032(06)60006-1.
  8. ^ a b c d "Rubus ellipticus". Invasive Species Specialist Group. 20 July 2006. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
  9. ^ a b c d "Yellow Himalayan Raspberry". PCA Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Plant Working Group. nps.org. 7 July 2009. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  10. ^ a b c Stratton, Lisa (December 1996). The Impact and Spread of Rubus ellipticus in 'Ola'a Forest Tract Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  11. ^ a b c d "Rubus ellipticus". Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. 20 July 2006. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  12. ^ "Rubus ellipticus". Useful Tropical Plants. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
  13. ^ Singh, Anurudh K (March 2017). "Revisiting the Status of Cultivated Plant Species Agrobiodiversity in India: An Overview". Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad. 83 (1): 151–174. doi:10.16943/ptinsa/2016/v82/48406.
  14. ^ Negi, P.S. (2008). "Bio-diversity: A Vanishing Himalayan Splendour". Uttarakhand, Need for a Comprehensive Eco-strategy: 317–338.
  15. ^ a b c Jacobi, James D.; Warshauer, Frederick R. (1992). Stone, Charles P.; Smith, Clifford W.; Tunison, J. Timothy (eds.). Distribution of six alien plant species in upland habitats on the island of Hawaii. University of Hawaii, Honolulu: Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit. pp. 155–188.
  16. ^ a b Funk, Jennifer L. (10 September 2008). "Differences in plasticity between invasive and native plants from a low resource environment". Journal of Ecology. 96 (6): 1162–1173. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01435.x. S2CID 84336174.
  17. ^ Jin, Chen; Xiaobao, Deng; Ling, Zhang; Zhilin, Bai (February 2006). "Diet composition and foraging ecology of Asian elephants in Shangyong, Xishuangbanna, China". Acta Ecologica Sinica. 26 (2): 309–316. doi:10.1016/S1872-2032(06)60006-1.
  18. ^ Tunison, J. Timothy; Stone, Charles P. (1992). Special ecological areas: an approach to alien plant control in Hawaii Volcanoes National Park. Alien plant invasions in native ecosystems of Hawai'i: management and research. pp. 781–798.
  19. ^ Dahal, S. "Making of Nepali Wine". Nepali Times. Nepali Times. Retrieved 25 November 2015.
  20. ^ Pradhan, Bharat K; Badola, Hemant K (1 October 2008). "Ethnomedicinal plant use by Lepcha tribe of Dzongu valley, bordering Kanchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, in North Sikkim, India". Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine. 4: 22. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-4-22. PMC 2567294. PMID 18826658.
  21. ^ Badhani, Amit; Rawat, Sandeep; Bhatt, Indra D.; Rawal, Ranbeer S. (29 July 2015). "Variation in chemical constituents and antioxidant activity in Yellow Himalayan (Rubus ellipticus Smith) and hill raspberry (Rubus niveus Thunb.)". Journal of Food Biochemistry. 39: 667–672. doi:10.1111/jfbc.12172.

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Rubus ellipticus: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı
Ainselu (Golden Himalayan Raspberry) from Kathmandu, Nepal

Rubus ellipticus, commonly known as ainselu, golden evergreen raspberry, golden Himalayan raspberry, or yellow Himalayan raspberry, is an Asian species of thorny fruiting shrub in the rose family. It is native to China, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Indochina, and the Philippines.

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Rubus ellipticus ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Rubus ellipticus, comúnmente denominado frambuesa dorada del Himalaya o frambuesa amarilla del Himalaya,[1]​ es una especie de arbusto espinoso asiático de la familia de las rosas (familia Rosaceae).

Es nativa de China, Nepal, el subcontinente indio, Indochina, y las Filipinas.[2]

Descripción

La frambuesa dorada del Himalaya es un arbusto grande con tallos gruesos que pueden crecer hasta 4,5 metros de altura. Sus hojas son trifoliadas, elípticas u obovadas y dentadas con largas cerdas. Sus hojas pueden crecer hasta 5 a 10 centímetros de largo. Sus flores son cortas, blancas, tienen cinco pétalos y crecen en racimos, y en el Himalaya florece entre los meses de febrero y abril. Sus frutos son dulces, fáciles de desprender y muy buscados por pájaros y elefantes.[3][4][5][6]

Si bien los frutos de Rubus ellipticus poseen un sabor dulce, no es común que sean cosechados para consumo doméstico.[7]​ Los frutos se echan a perder con rapidez una vez que son retirados de la planta.

La corteza de esta planta se utiliza con fines medicinales por los habitantes de las villas del Tíbet, principalmente como tónico renal y antidiurético.[7]​ Sus jugos también se usan ara tratar la tos, fiebre, cólicos y dolor de garganta.[8]​ La planta también se utiliza para producir una tintura azul-violácea.[7]

Ecología

La frambuesa dorada del Himalaya es originaria de la región templada del Himalaya, y es nativa de India, Pakistán, Nepal y China. Se ha diseminado mediante cultivo.[9]​ Se le encuentra en bosques de pino de la región.[10]

La frambuesa dorada del Himalaya can be found in mesic bosques húmedos, y se ha adaptado para desarrollarse en entornos sombríos y con plena exposición al sol.[5]​ Al igual que otras especies de Rubus, sus semillas son dispersadas por las aves.[11]​ También se puede propagar a través de brotes de sus raíces - reproducción asexual, y mediante estacas.[12]​ Puede crecer en campos abiertos o en sotobosques húmedos.

Los frutos en descomposición de la frambuesa dorada del Himalaya pueden servir de alimento a grandes poblaciones de Drosophila, o moscas de la fruta, [4]​ y sus frutos también son consumidos por los elefantes asiáticos.[13]

 src=
Fruto de Rubus ellipticus en Illam, Nepal

Especie invasiva

 src=
Rubus ellipticus (flores y hojas).
 src=
Vástago espinoso de R. ellipticus.

Rubus ellipticus se encuentra en la base de datos del Grupo Especializado en Especies Invasoras de la IUCN, y ha sido incluida en la lista de las 100 especies invasoras más dañinas del mundo.[4]​ En 1961 fue llevada a Hawái por sus frutos comestibles y como planta ornamental.[5]

La frambuesa dorada del Himalaya es una amenaza para las plantas nativas porque forma matorrales gruesos e impenetrables, y compite con la frambuesa hawaiana nativa.[4][7]​ Las aceras, las granjas abandonadas y las tierras perturbadas por las poblaciones de cerdos salvajes también son susceptibles de invasión. Su capacidad de crecer alto debido a sus fuertes tallos también es una amenaza debido a su capacidad de establecerse dentro de la copa de los árboles.[6]​ La frambuesa dorada del Himalaya también es una amenaza para la flora nativa porque puede competir con otras plantas. Más específicamente, tiene tasas fotosintéticas más altas, tasas de fijación de nitrógeno más altas y, por lo tanto, una mayor eficiencia de uso de nitrógeno fotosintético.[12]

Otros usos

Los agricultores de Nepal no han tenido éxito en cosechar y fermentar los frutos para producir vino de fruta.[14]​ En Sikkim, se usan sus raíces para tratar dolores de estómago y de cabeza, y sus frutos se usan para tratar indigestiones.[15]

La frambuesa dorada del Himalaya ha sido estudiada para determinar si sus frutos poseen propiedades antioxidantes.[16]

Referencias

  1. "Rubus ellipticus". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA.
  2. Flora of China, Rubus ellipticus Smith, 1815. 椭圆悬钩子 tuo yuan xuan gou zi
  3. Chen, Jin (2006). «Diet composition and foraging ecology of Asian elephants in Shangyong, Xishuangbanna, China.». Acta Ecologica Sinica 26 (2): 309-316. doi:10.1016/S1872-2032(06)60006-1.
  4. a b c d «Rubus ellipticus». Invasive Species Specialist Group. 20 de julio de 2006. Consultado el 17 de julio de 2010.
  5. a b c «Yellow Himalayan Raspberry». PCA Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Plant Working Group. nps.org. 7 de julio de 2009. Consultado el 22 de noviembre de 2016.
  6. a b Stratton, Lisa (December 1996). The Impact and Spread of Rubus ellipticus in 'Ola'a Forest Tract Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin-Madison.
  7. a b c d «Rubus ellipticus». Global Invasive Species Database. Invasive Species Specialist Group. 20 de julio de 2006. Consultado el 22 de noviembre de 2016.
  8. «Rubus ellipticus». Useful Tropical Plants. Consultado el 22 de noviembre de 2016.
  9. Singh, Anurudh K (March 2017). «Revisiting the Status of Cultivated Plant Species Agrobiodiversity in India: An Overview». Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad 83 (1): 151-174. doi:10.16943/ptinsa/2016/v82/48406.
  10. Negi, P.S. (2008). «Bio-diversity: A Vanishing Himalayan Splendour». Uttarakhand, Need for a Comprehensive Eco-strategy: 317-338.
  11. Jacobi, James D.; Warshauer, Frederick R. (1992). Stone, Charles P.; Smith, Clifford W.; Tunison, J. Timothy, eds. Distribution of six alien plant species in upland habitats on the island of Hawaii. University of Hawaii, Honolulu: Cooperative National Park Resources Studies Unit. pp. 155-188.
  12. a b Funk, Jennifer L. (10 de septiembre de 2008). «Differences in plasticity between invasive and native plants from a low resource environment». Journal of Ecology 96 (6): 1162-1173. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01435.x.
  13. Jin, Chen; Xiaobao, Deng; Ling, Zhang; Zhilin, Bai (February 2006). «Diet composition and foraging ecology of Asian elephants in Shangyong, Xishuangbanna, China». Acta Ecologica Sinica 26 (2): 309-316. doi:10.1016/S1872-2032(06)60006-1.
  14. Dahal, S. «Making of Nepali Wine». Nepali Times. Nepali Times. Consultado el 25 de noviembre de 2015.
  15. Pradhan, Bharat K; Badola, Hemant K (1 de octubre de 2008). «Ethnomedicinal plant use by Lepcha tribe of Dzongu valley, bordering Kanchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, in North Sikkim, India». Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 4: 22. PMC 2567294. PMID 18826658. doi:10.1186/1746-4269-4-22.
  16. Badhani, Amit; Rawat, Sandeep; Bhatt, Indra D.; Rawal, Ranbeer S. (29 de julio de 2015). «Variation in chemical constituents and antioxidant activity in Yellow Himalayan (Rubus ellipticus Smith) and hill raspberry (Rubus niveus Thunb.)». Journal of Food Biochemistry 39: 667-672. doi:10.1111/jfbc.12172.
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Rubus ellipticus: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

Rubus ellipticus, comúnmente denominado frambuesa dorada del Himalaya o frambuesa amarilla del Himalaya,​ es una especie de arbusto espinoso asiático de la familia de las rosas (familia Rosaceae).

Es nativa de China, Nepal, el subcontinente indio, Indochina, y las Filipinas.​

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Rubus ellipticus ( Fransızca )

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Le piquant lou-lou (Rubus ellipticus) est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Rosaceae, originaire d'Asie.

Voir aussi

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Rubus ellipticus: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı

Le piquant lou-lou (Rubus ellipticus) est une espèce de plantes de la famille des Rosaceae, originaire d'Asie.

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Rubus ellipticus ( Vietnamca )

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Đừng nhầm lẫn với Rubus armeniacus.

Rubus ellipticus (hay mâm xôi vàng Himalaya) là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hoa hồng. Loài này được Sm. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1819.[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Rubus ellipticus. Truy cập ngày 11 tháng 6 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến phân họ Hoa hồng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Rubus ellipticus: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

wikipedia VI tarafından sağlandı
Đừng nhầm lẫn với Rubus armeniacus.

Rubus ellipticus (hay mâm xôi vàng Himalaya) là loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Hoa hồng. Loài này được Sm. miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1819.

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Малина эллиптическая ( Rusça )

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Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Цветковые
Надпорядок: Rosanae
Порядок: Розоцветные
Семейство: Розовые
Подсемейство: Розановые
Триба: Rubeae
Род: Рубус
Подрод: Малина
Вид: Малина эллиптическая
Международное научное название

Rubus ellipticus Sm., 1815

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ITIS 504846NCBI 59492EOL 793045GRIN t:32308IPNI 736506-1TPL rjp-3254

Мали́на эллипти́ческая (лат. Rubus ellipticus) — южноазиатский вид растений рода Рубус (Rubus) семейства Розовые (Rosaceae). Завезён на юг Северной Америки, где натурализовался, вытесняя местные виды. Включён в Список самых опасных инвазивных видов.

Ботаническое описание

Малина эллиптическая — кустарник 1—3 м в высоту. Стебли зелёные, затем коричневатые, сначала густо железисто-опушённые, затем густо щетинистые (щетинки фиолетово-коричневые, до 8 мм длиной), с немногочисленными прямыми или крючковатыми шипами.

Листья с неравномерно зазубренным краем, разделены на три эллиптические или обратнояйцевидные доли, центральная из которых наиболее крупная, на коротком черешочке, а боковые почти сидячие, в верхней части стебля иногда цельные, на черешках до 7,5 см длиной, с линейными прилистниками. Верхняя сторона листа волосистая, нижняя — густо-опушённая, жилки с прямыми, более длинными волосками.

Соцветие — густая кисть из 10—150 или более цветков, расположенная на конце стебля. Некоторые цветки расположены в пазухах верхних листьев, иногда одиночные. Прицветники линейные. Цветки до 1,5 см в диаметре, с жёлтовато-опушённой с обеих сторон чашечкой. Венчик из пяти белых или розоватых лопатчатых опушённых лепестков. Тычинки в количестве 30—40, с расширенными в основании нитями. Пестики в числе 100—150 гладкие, с опушённой завязью.

Многокостянка золотисто-жёлтая, яйцевидной или шаровидной формы, волосисто-опушённая. Плодики дельтовидно-яйцевидные.

Число хромосом — 2n = 14.

Ареал

Родина малины эллиптической — Южная Азия от Китая, Индии и Вьетнама на севере до Шри-Ланки и Лусона на юге.

Выращивается в Калифорнии, Флориде, Ямайке и на Пуэрто-Рико как плодовое и декоративное растение.

Таксономия

Синонимы

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса двудольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Двудольные».
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Малина эллиптическая: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

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Мали́на эллипти́ческая (лат. Rubus ellipticus) — южноазиатский вид растений рода Рубус (Rubus) семейства Розовые (Rosaceae). Завезён на юг Северной Америки, где натурализовался, вытесняя местные виды. Включён в Список самых опасных инвазивных видов.

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椭圆悬钩子 ( Çince )

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二名法 Rubus ellipticus
Smith

椭圆悬钩子学名Rubus ellipticus)为蔷薇科悬钩子属的植物。分布在缅甸锡金巴基斯坦印度尼西亚菲律宾印度越南不丹尼泊尔泰国斯里兰卡老挝以及中国大陆云南西藏四川等地,生长于海拔1,000米至2,500米的地区,多生长在山谷、干旱山坡或疏林内,目前尚未由人工引种栽培。

描述

橢圓懸鉤子源於南亞的具刺灌木。高大約4.5公尺。莖覆蓋著刺與微紅的細絲。葉互生、三片圓或鈍的複合葉片,葉長度5至10公分。葉底比葉面的顏色淡,而且覆蓋著絨柔的細絲。花很小,白色的有五瓣花瓣。果實是圓形、黃色的小核果,很容易從花托分離。

入侵性

椭圆悬钩子已經被引進夏威夷、美國南部與英國,而且也因其果實可以吃,因而有農業栽種。它是夏威夷主要的入侵植物,已取代原生的夏威夷懸鉤子(Rubus hawaiiensis),由於它在多種棲地類型都能繁衍得很好,使它成為一個脅迫性特別大的入侵植物。[2]國際自然保護聯盟物種存續委員會的入侵物種專家小組(ISSG)列為世界百大外來入侵種

参考文献

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椭圆悬钩子: Brief Summary ( Çince )

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椭圆悬钩子(学名:Rubus ellipticus)为蔷薇科悬钩子属的植物。分布在缅甸锡金巴基斯坦印度尼西亚菲律宾印度越南不丹尼泊尔泰国斯里兰卡老挝以及中国大陆云南西藏四川等地,生长于海拔1,000米至2,500米的地区,多生长在山谷、干旱山坡或疏林内,目前尚未由人工引种栽培。

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キミノヒマラヤキイチゴ ( Japonca )

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キミノヒマラヤキイチゴ Berry nepal.jpg
キミノヒマラヤキイチゴ R. ellipticus
分類 : 植物界 Plantae : 被子植物門 Magnoliophyta : 双子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida : バラ目 Rosales : バラ科 Rosaceae 亜科 : バラ亜科 Rosoideae : キイチゴ属 Rubus : キミノヒマラヤキイチゴ R. ellipticus 学名 Rubus ellipticus
Sm. 和名 キミノヒマラヤキイチゴ 英名 Yellow Himalayan raspberry

キミノヒマラヤキイチゴ(学名:Rubus ellipticus)は、バラ科キイチゴ属に分類される植物の一種。別名「オニイチゴ」。

分布[編集]

アジア原産[1]

世界中で食用・観賞用に栽培されており、熱帯アフリカやハワイでは外来種として定着している[1]

特徴[編集]

 src=
キミノヒマラヤキイチゴの茎

低木で茎には棘があり、高さ2.2mほどまで生長する。果実は黄色で、大きさは15-25mm程度。

森林、草原、湿地、農地などの環境に生育する。

外来種問題[編集]

本種が森林などに定着した地域では、在来種キイチゴ類が駆逐されて問題となっている[1]。こうした悪影響から、本種は国際自然保護連合によって世界の侵略的外来種ワースト100に選定されている[1]

日本には導入されていないものの、外来生物法にもとづき要注意外来生物に指定されている[1]

参考文献[編集]

  1. ^ a b c d e 多紀保彦(監修) 財団法人自然環境研究センター(編著) 『決定版 日本の外来生物』 平凡社ISBN 978-4-582-54241-7。p.273

 

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、キミノヒマラヤキイチゴに関連するカテゴリがあります。
 title=
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キミノヒマラヤキイチゴ: Brief Summary ( Japonca )

wikipedia 日本語 tarafından sağlandı

キミノヒマラヤキイチゴ(学名:Rubus ellipticus)は、バラ科キイチゴ属に分類される植物の一種。別名「オニイチゴ」。

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ウィキペディアの著者と編集者