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Escolopèndrids ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

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Els escolopèndrids (Scolopendridae) són una família de grans miriàpodes de l'ordre dels escolopendromorfs. A Catalunya és freqüent Scolopendra cingulata, el miriàpode més gros d'Europa.

Gèneres seleccionats

Enllaços externs

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Escolopèndrids Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata  src= Podeu veure l'entrada corresponent a aquest tàxon, clade o naturalista dins el projecte Wikispecies.
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Escolopèndrids: Brief Summary ( Katalanca; Valensiyaca )

wikipedia CA tarafından sağlandı

Els escolopèndrids (Scolopendridae) són una família de grans miriàpodes de l'ordre dels escolopendromorfs. A Catalunya és freqüent Scolopendra cingulata, el miriàpode més gros d'Europa.

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Scolopendridae ( İngilizce )

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Scolopendridae (or, in older documents, Scolopendridæ)[1] is a family of large centipedes (class Chilopoda).

Description

Nearly all species in this family have four ocelli (simple eyes) on each side of the head and only 21 pairs of legs, but there are exceptions: two scolopendrid species feature more legs (Scolopendropsis bahiensis, with 21 or 23 leg pairs,[2] and S. duplicata, with 39 or 43 leg pairs),[3] and some scolopendrid species are eyeless and blind (e.g., Cormocephalus sagmus, C. pyropygus, and C. delta).[4][5] Three Asian members of this family, Scolopendra cataracta, Scolopendra paradoxa, and Scolopendra alcyona, are known to show amphibious behaviour.[6][7][8][9][10][11] Two other species, Scolopendra hardwickei and Hemiscolopendra marginata, are known to show sexual dimorphism in the composition of their venom.[12][13]

Genera

Subfamily Otostigminae (Kraepelin, 1903)[14][15]

Tribe Otostigmini (Kraeplin, 1903)[16]

Tribe Sterropristini (Verhoeff, 1937) [17][18]

Subfamily Scolopendrinae (Leach, 1814)[19][14]

The earliest record of this family is †Cratoraricrus, an extinct genus from the Early Cretaceous of the Crato Formation of Brazil.[20]

References

  1. ^ The Annals and magazine of natural history; zoology, botany, and geology. Vol. 7. London: Taylor and Francis, Ltd. 1891.
  2. ^ Schileyko, Arkady A. (2006). "Redescription of Scolopendropsis bahiensis (Brandt, 1841), the relations between Scolopendropsis and Rhoda, and notes on some characters used in scolopendromorph taxonomy (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha)". Arthropoda Selecta. 15 (1): 9–17 – via ResearchGate.
  3. ^ Chagas-Junior, Amazonas; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Minelli, Alessandro (2008-09-29). "Variability in trunk segmentation in the centipede order Scolopendromorpha: a remarkable new species of Scolopendropsis Brandt (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae) from Brazil". Zootaxa. 1888 (1): 36. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1888.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334. S2CID 86220862.
  4. ^ Jiang, Chao; Bai, Yunjun; Shi, Mengxuan; Liu, Juan (2020-12-05). "Rediscovery and phylogenetic relationships of the scolopendromorph centipede Mimops orientalis Kraepelin, 1903 (Chilopoda): a monotypic species of Mimopidae endemic to China, for more than one century". ZooKeys (932): 75–91. doi:10.3897/zookeys.932.51461. ISSN 1313-2970. PMC 7239954. PMID 32476974.
  5. ^ Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Huey, Joel A.; Humphreys, William F.; Hillyer, Mia; Burger, Mieke A.; Volschenk, Erich S.; Waldock, Julianne M. (2019). "Blind scolopendrid centipedes of the genus Cormocephalus from subterranean habitats in Western Australia (Myriapoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)". Invertebrate Systematics. 33 (6): 807–824. doi:10.1071/IS19015. ISSN 1445-5226. S2CID 209585200.
  6. ^ Anderson, Natali (2021-04-22). "Scientists Discover New Amphibious Species of Centipede | Sci.News". Sci.News: Breaking Science News. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
  7. ^ Holmes, O. (1 July 2016). "Giant swimming, venomous centipede discovered by accident in world-first". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  8. ^ Bates, M. (26 June 2016). "'Horrific' First Amphibious Centipede Discovered". National Geographic. Retrieved 1 July 2016.
  9. ^ Gravely, F.H. ″Two new species of Scolopendridae″, Records of the Indian Museum, Volume 7, 1912, p. 415
  10. ^ Siriwut, W.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Sutcharit, C.; Tongkerd, P.; Panha, S. (2016). "A taxonomic review of the centipede genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) in mainland Southeast Asia, with description of a new species from Laos". ZooKeys (590): 1–124. doi:10.3897/zookeys.590.7950. PMC 4926625. PMID 27408540.
  11. ^ "Centipede". VEDANTU. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
  12. ^ Undheim, Eivind & Richards, David & Ngum, Neville & Tooth, David & Kim, Dong-Hyun & Mellor, Ian. (2019). When sex matters: Dramatic sexual dimorphism in the venom and venom system of the centipede Scolopendra hardwickei. Toxicon. 158. S5. 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.10.024.
  13. ^ Nystrom, Gunnar S.; Ward, Micaiah J.; Ellsworth, Schyler A.; Rokyta, Darin R. (Nov 2019). "Sex-based venom variation in the eastern bark centipede (Hemiscolopendra marginata)". Toxicon. 169: 45–58. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.08.001. ISSN 1879-3150. PMID 31445069. S2CID 201644874.
  14. ^ a b "Scolopendridae Leach 1814 - Encyclopedia of Life". eol.org. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  15. ^ "ITIS - Report: Otostigminae". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2022-12-25.
  16. ^ "Otostigmini Kraepelin 1903". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2022-12-25.
  17. ^ "Sterropristini Verhoeff 1937". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2022-12-25.
  18. ^ Muadsub, Sawitree; Sutcharit, Chirasak; Pimvichai, Piyatida; Enghoff, Henrik; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Panha, Somsak (2012-09-14). "Revision of the rare centipede genus Sterropristes Attems, 1934, with description of a new species from Thailand (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae)". Zootaxa. 3484 (1): 35. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3484.1.2. ISSN 1175-5334.
  19. ^ "ITIS - Report: Scolopendrinae". www.itis.gov. Retrieved 2022-08-29.
  20. ^ "Fossilworks: Cratoraricrus oberlii". fossilworks.org. Retrieved 17 December 2021.

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Scolopendridae: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

wikipedia EN tarafından sağlandı

Scolopendridae (or, in older documents, Scolopendridæ) is a family of large centipedes (class Chilopoda).

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Scolopendridae ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Los escolopéndridos (Scolopendridae) son una familia de grandes ciempiés (clase Chilopoda) conocidos vulgarmente como escolopendras. Su mordedura es muy dolorosa.

Géneros seleccionados

  • Alipes Imhoff, 1854 (= Eucorybas)
    • Alipes appendiculatus Pocock, 1896
    • Alipes calcipes Cook, 1897
    • Alipes congoensis Chamberlin, 1927
    • Alipes crotalus (Gerstaecker, 1854)
    • Alipes grandidieri Lucas, 1864
      • Alipes grandidieri grandidieri Lucas, 1864
      • Alipes grandidieri integer Cook, 1897
    • Alipes madegassus Saussure & Zehntner, 1902
    • Alipes multicostis Imhoff, 1854 (Type)
      • Alipes multicostis intermedius Attems, 1911
      • Alipes multicostis medius Demange, 1963
      • Alipes multicostis multicostis Imhoff, 1854
      • Alipes multicostis silvestris Demange, 1963
  • Alluropus Silvestri, 1911
  • Akimnopellis Shelley, 2008
    • Alluropus demangei Silvestri, 1912 (Type)
  • Arthrorhabdus Pocock, 1891 (= Arthrorhabdinus Verhoeff, 1907)
    • Arthrorhabdus formosus Pocock, 1891 (Type)
    • Arthrorhabdus jonesii Verhoeff, 1938
    • Arthrorhabdus mjobergi Kraepelin, 1916
    • Arthrorhabdus paucispinus Koch, 1984
    • Arthrorhabdus pygmaeus (Pocock, 1895)
    • Arthrorhabdus somalus Manfredi, 1933 -->
  • Asanada Meinert, 1885 (= Pseudocryptops Pocock, 1891)
    • Asanada agharkari (Gravely, 1912)
      • Asanada agharkari agharkari (Gravely, 1912)
      • Asanada agharkari singhbhumensis (Gravely, 1912)
    • Asanada akashii Takakuwa, 1938
    • Asanada brevicornis Meinert, 1886 (Type)
    • Asanada indica Jangi & Dass, 1984
    • Asanada lindbergi Loksa, 1971
    • Asanada maligii Jangi & Dass, 1984
    • Asanada philippina Chamberlin R., 1921
    • Asanada sinaitica Chamberlin, 1921
    • Asanada socotrana Pocock, 1899
    • Asanada sukhensis Jangi & Dass, 1984
    • Asanada sütteri Würmli, M., 1972
    • Asanada tchadensis Dobroruka, 1968
    • Asanada walkeri (Pocock, 1891)
  • Campylostigmus Ribaut, 1923
    • Campylostigmus biseriatus Ribaut, 1923
    • Campylostigmus consobrinus Ribaut, 1923
    • Campylostigmus crassipes Ribaut, 1923 (Type)
    • Campylostigmus decipiens Ribaut, 1923
    • Campylostigmus orientalis Ribaut, 1923
    • Campylostigmus plessisi Demange, 1963
  • Colobopleurus Kraepelin, 1903
    • Colobopleurus devylderi Porat, 1893 (Type)
  • Cormocephalus Newport, 1845
  • Digitipes Attems, 1930
    • Digitipes barnabasi Jangi & Dass, 1984
    • Digitipes chhotanii Jangi & Dass, 1984
    • Digitipes coonoorensis Jangi & Dass, 1984
    • Digitipes gravelyi Jangi & Dass, 1984
    • Digitipes indicus Jangi & Dass, 1984
    • Digitipes krausi Dobroruka, 1968
    • Digitipes pruthii Jangi & Dass, 1984
    • Digitipes reichardti (Kraepelin, 1903)
    • Digitipes verdascens Attems, 1930 (Type)
  • Edentistoma Tömösváry, 1882 (= Anodontastoma, Arrhabdotus)
    • Edentistoma octosulcatum Tömösváry, 1882 (Type)
  • Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898 (= Dacetum, Heterostoma)
    • Ethmostigmus albidus (Tömösváry, 1885)
    • Ethmostigmus californicus Chamberlin, 1958
    • Ethmostigmus coonooranus Chamberlin, 1920
    • Ethmostigmus curtipes Koch, 1983
    • Ethmostigmus granulosus Pocock, 1898
    • Ethmostigmus muiri Koch, 1983
    • Ethmostigmus nudior Koch, 1983
    • Ethmostigmus pachysoma Koch, 1983
    • Ethmostigmus parkeri Koch, 1983
    • Ethmostigmus pygomegas (Kohlrausch, 1878)
    • Ethmostigmus relictus Chamberlin, 1944
    • Ethmostigmus rubripes – ciempiés gigante
    • Ethmostigmus rugosus Haase, 1887
    • Ethmostigmus trigonopodus (Leach, 1817) (Type)
      • Ethmostigmus trigonopodus pygomenasoides Lewis, 1992
      • Ethmostigmus trigonopodus trigonopodus (Leach, 1817)
    • Ethmostigmus tristis (Meinert, 1886)
    • Ethmostigmus venenosus (Attems, 1897)
    • Ethmostigmus waiainus Chamberlin, 1920
  • Hemiscolopendra Kraepelin, 1903
    • Hemiscolopendra chilensis (Gervais, 1847)
    • Hemiscolopendra laevigata (Porat, 1876)
    • Hemiscolopendra marginata (Say, 1821) (Type)
    • Hemiscolopendra michaelseni (Attems, 1903)
    • Hemiscolopendra perdita Chamberlin, 1955
    • Hemiscolopendra platei (Attems, 1903)
  • Notiasemus Koch, 1985
    • Notiasemus glauerti Koch, 1985 (Type)
  • Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (= Branchiotrema)
    • Otostigmus philippinus Chamberlin, 1921
    • Otostigmus sulcipes Verhoeff, 1937
    • Otostigmus sutteri Würmli, 1972
    • Otostigmus trisulcatus Verhoeff, 1937
    • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) Porat, 1876
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) aculeatus Haase, 1887
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) amballae Chamberlin, 1913
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) angusticeps Pocock, 1898
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) angusticeps angusticeps Pocock, 1898
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) angusticeps schindleri Würmli, 1972
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) armatus Attems, 1953
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) asper Haase, 1887
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) astenus (Kohlrausch, 1878)
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) ateles Chamberlin, 1920
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) australianus Attems, 1930
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) beroni Lewis, 2001
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) brevidentatus Verhoeff, 1937
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) burnmurdochi Gravely, 1912
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) celebensis Attems, 1934
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) ceylonicus Haase, 1887
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) chiltoni Archey, 1921
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) cuneiventris Porat, 1893
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) dammermani Chamberlin, 1944
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) fossuliger Verhoeff, 1937
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) foveolatus Verhoeff, 1937
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) geophilinus Haase, 1887
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) greggi Chamberlin, 1944
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) kashmiranus Lewis, 1992
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) lawrencei Dobroruka, 1968
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) longicornis (Tömösváry, 1885)
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) loriae Silvestri, 1894
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) loriae loriae Silvestri, 1894
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) loriae nordicus Schileyko, 1995
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) martensi Lewis, 1992
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) metallicus Haase, 1887
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) mians Chamberlin, 1930
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) moluccanus Chamberlin, 1914
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) multidens Haase, 1887
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) multidens carens Attems, 1938
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) multidens multidens Haase, 1887
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) multispinosus Takakuwa, 1937
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) nemorensis Silvestri, 1895
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) niasensis Silvestri, 1895
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) noduliger Verhoeff, 1937
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) nudus Pocock, 1890
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) oatesi Kraepelin, 1903
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) olivaceus Attems, 1934
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) orientalis Porat, 1876
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) oweni Pocock, 1892
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) pahangiensis Verhoeff, 1937
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) pamuanus Chamberlin, 1920
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) politus Karsch, 1881
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus )politus dentatus Wang, 1951
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) politus politus Karsch, 1881
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) politus quadrispinatus Khanna, 2001
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) politus yunnanensis Lewis, 2003
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) poonamae Khanna & Tripathi, 1986
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) proponens Chamberlin, 1920
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) punctiventer (Tömösváry, 1885)
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) reservatus Schileyko, 1995
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) rugulosus Porat, 1876
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) rugulosus mertoni Ribaut, 1912
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) rugulosus rugulosus Porat, 1876
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) rugulosus striaturatus Verhoeff, 1937
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) scaber Porat, 1876 (Type)
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) sinicolens Chamberlin, 1930
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) spinicaudus (Newport, 1844)
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) spinicaudus ghiblanus Manfredi, 1935
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) spinicaudus latispinus Manfredi, 1939
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) spinicaudus spinicaudus (Newport, 1844)
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) spinosus Porat, 1876
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) striatus Takakuwa, 1940
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) striatus porteri Dobroruka, 1960
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) striatus striatus Takakuwa, 1940
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) striolatus Verhoeff, 1937
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) sucki Kraepelin, 1903
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) sumatranus Haase, 1887
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) sumatranus kraepelini Attems, 1928
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) sumatranus sumatranus Haase, 1887
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) taeniatus Pocock, 1896
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) tanganjikus Verhoeff, 1941
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) telus Chamberlin, 1939
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) tuberculatus (Kohlrausch, 1878)
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) tuberculatus pauperatus Attems, 1915
        • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) tuberculatus tuberculatus (Kohlrausch, 1878)
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) voprosus Schileyko, 1992
      • Otostigmus (Otostigmus) ziesel Schileyko, 1992
    • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) Pocock, 1896
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) amazonae Chamberlin, 1914
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) brunneus Chamberlin, 1921
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) bürgeri Attems, 1903
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) bürgeri bürgeri Attems, 1903
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) bürgeri monsonus Chamberlin, 1957
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) calcanus Chamberlin, 1944
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) caraibicus Kraepelin, 1903
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) carbonelli Bücherl, 1959
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) casus Chamberlin, 1914
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) caudatus Brölemann, 1902
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) caudatus caudatus Brölemann, 1902
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) caudatus hogei Bücherl, 1974
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) cavalcanti Bücherl, 1939
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) cavalcanti cavalcanti Bücherl, 1939
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) cavalcanti iberaensis Coscarón, 1955
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) clavifer Chamberlin, 1921
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) cooperi Chamberlin, 1942
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) demelloi Verhoeff, 1937
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) denticulatus Pocock, 1896
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) dentifusus Bücherl, 1946
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) diminutus Bücherl, 1946
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) diringshofeni Bücherl, 1969
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) dolosus Attems, 1928
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) dolosus argentinensis Coscarón, 1955
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) dolosus dolosus Attems, 1928
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) ethonyx Chamberlin, 1955
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) expectus Bücherl, 1959
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) fossulatus Attems, 1928
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) füllerborni Kraepelin, 1903
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) gemmifer Attems, 1928
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) goeldii Brölemann, 1898
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) gymnopus Silvestri, 1898
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) gymnopus aethiopicus Ribaut, 1907
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) gymnopus gymnopus Silvestri, 1898
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) inermipes Porat, 1893
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) inermis Porat, 1876
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) insignis Kraepelin, 1903
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) kivuensis (Dobroruka, 1968)
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) kretzii Bücherl, 1939
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) langei Bücherl, 1946
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) latipes Bücherl, 1954
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) lavanus Chamberlin, 1957
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) leior Chamberlin, 1955
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) limbatus Meinert, 1886
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) longipes Bücherl, 1939
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) longistigma Bücherl, 1939
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) mesethus Chamberlin, 1957
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) muticus Karsch, 1888
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) occidentalis Meinert, 1886
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) parvior Chamberlin, 1957
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) perdicensis Bücherl, 1943
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) pococki Kraepelin, 1903
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) pradoi Bücherl, 1939
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) rex Chamberlin, 1914
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) saltensis Coscarón, 1959
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) samacus Chamberlin, 1944
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) scabricauda (Humbert & Saussure, 1870)
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) schoutedeni (Dobroruka, 1968)
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) silvestrii Kraepelin, 1903
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) silvestrii intermedius Kraepelin, 1903
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) silvestrii silvestrii Kraepelin, 1903
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) spiculifer Pocock, 1893
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) sternosulcatus Bücherl, 1946
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) suitus Chamberlin, 1914
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) sulcatus Meinert, 1886
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) therezopolis Chamberlin, 1944
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) tibialis Brölemann, 1902
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) tidius Chamberlin, 1914
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) troglodytes Ribaut, 1914
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) troglodytes intercessor Attems, 1930
        • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) troglodytes troglodytes Ribaut, 1914
      • Otostigmus (Parotostigmus) volcanus Chamberlin, 1955 -->
  • Psiloscolopendra Kraepelin, 1903
    • Psiloscolopendra feae Pocock, 1891 (Type) -->
  • Rhoda Meinert, 1886 (= Pithopus)
    • Rhoda calcarata (Pocock, 1891)
      • Rhoda calcarata calcarata (Pocock, 1891)
      • Rhoda calcarata carvalhoi Bücherl, 1941
    • Rhoda isolata Chamberlin, 1958
    • Rhoda spinifer (Kraepelin, 1903)
    • Rhoda thayeri Meinert, 1886 (Type)
  • Rhysida Wood, 1862 (= Branchiostoma, Ethmophorus, Ptychotrema, Trematoptychus)
    • Rhysida afra (Peters, 1855)
    • Rhysida anodonta Lawrence, 1968
    • Rhysida brasiliensis Kraepelin, 1903
    • Rhysida calcarata Pocock, 1891
    • Rhysida carinulata (Haase, 1887)
    • Rhysida caripensis González-Sponga, 2002
    • Rhysida celeris (Humbert & Saussure, 1870)
      • Rhysida celeris andina Bücherl, 1953
      • Rhysida celeris celeris (Humbert & Saussure, 1870)
    • Rhysida ceylonica Gravely, 1912
    • Rhysida chacona Verhoeff, 1944
    • Rhysida corbetti Khanna, 1994
    • Rhysida crassispina Kraepelin, 1903
    • Rhysida guayanica González-Sponga, 2002
    • Rhysida immarginata (Porat, 1876)
      • Rhysida immarginata immarginata (Porat, 1876)
      • Rhysida immarginata somala Manfredi, 1933
      • Rhysida immarginata subnuda Jangi, 1955
      • Rhysida immarginata togoensis Kraepelin, 1903
    • Rhysida intermedia Attems, 1910
    • Rhysida jonesi Lewis, 2002
    • Rhysida leviventer Attems, 1953
    • Rhysida lithobioides (Newport, 1845) (Type)
      • Rhysida lithobioides kumaonensis Khanna, 1994
      • Rhysida lithobioides lithobioides (Newport, 1845)
      • Rhysida lithobioides paucidens Pocock, 1897
      • Rhysida lithobioides shivalikensis Khanna, 1994
      • Rhysida lithobioides trispinosus Jangi & Dass, 1984
    • Rhysida longicarinulata Khanna & Tripathi, 1986
    • Rhysida longicornis Pocock, 1891
    • Rhysida longipes (Newport, 1845)
      • Rhysida longipes afghanistana Loksa, 1971
      • Rhysida longipes malayica Verhoeff, 1937
      • Rhysida longipes simplicior Chamberlin, 1920
    • Rhysida manchurica Miyoshi, 1939
    • Rhysida marginata Attems, 1953
    • Rhysida maritima González-Sponga, 2002
    • Rhysida monalii Khanna & Kumar, 1984
    • Rhysida monaquensis González-Sponga, 2002
    • Rhysida monticola (Pocock, 1891)
    • Rhysida neocrassispina Jangi & Dass, 1984
    • Rhysida neoesparanta González-Sponga, 2002
    • Rhysida nuda Newport, 1845
    • Rhysida polyacantha Koch, 1985
    • Rhysida porlamarensis González-Sponga, 2002
    • Rhysida riograndensis Bücherl, 1939
    • Rhysida rubra Bücherl, 1939
    • Rhysida singaporiensis Verhoeff, 1937
    • Rhysida stuhlmanni Kraepelin, 1903
      • Rhysida stuhlmanni himalayanus Khanna, 1994
      • Rhysida stuhlmanni stuhlmanni Kraepelin, 1903
    • Rhysida sucupaensis González-Sponga, 2002
    • Rhysida suvana Chamberlin, 1920
    • Rhysida ventrisulcus Attems, 1930
    • Rhysida yanagiharai Takakuwa, 1935
  • Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758
  • Scolopendropsis Brandt, 1841
    • Scolopendropsis bahiensis (Brandt, 1841)
    • Scolopendropsis duplicata Chagas-Junior, Edgecombe & Minelli, 2008 [Zootaxa1888:36.]

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Scolopendridae: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Los escolopéndridos (Scolopendridae) son una familia de grandes ciempiés (clase Chilopoda) conocidos vulgarmente como escolopendras. Su mordedura es muy dolorosa.

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Scolopendridae ( Fransızca )

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Les Scolopendridae sont une famille de myriapodes chilopodes.

Description

Le corps est segmenté avec deux pattes par segment et la dernière paire de pattes postérieure est plus longue[1]. Les segments qui portent les pattes sont au nombre de 21 ou 23. Les pattes postérieures sont épaissies. Le premier ou le second article est épineux[2].

Systématique

La famille Scolopendridae a été initialement nommée Scolopendrides par le zoologiste britannique William Elford Leach[1],[3],[4],[5] en 1814[6],[7],[Notes 1].

Certains auteurs peuvent ne pas reconnaître cette synonymie et considèrent que la paternité de cette sous-famille revient à George Newport (Scolopendridae Newport, 1844[2])[8],[9],[10],[11],[Notes 2].

Publication originale

  • Leach, W. E. 1814 [1816]. A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, which Linné arranged under Insecta; with the distribution of the genera composing three of these classes into orders, etc. and descriptions of several new genera. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 11(2): 306–400. (BHL) (Scolopendrides p. 381)

Liste des genres

Selon ChiloBase[12] :

Notes et références

Notes

  1. La publication de William Elford Leach a été présentée devant la Société linnéenne de Londres les 19 avril, 3 mai et 1er juin 1814[1] mais a été publiée dans le 11e volume des Transactions of the Linnean Society of London daté de 1815 et dans la seconde partie datée de 1816. La date de 1814 fait préséance mais la littérature fait également mention des dates 1815[4],[5] et 1816[3].
  2. Il est à noter que la publication de 1844 de George Newport attribue la paternité de la famille Scolopendridae à William Elford Leach[2] et que certains auteurs ont utilisé les deux noms d'auteurs pour la famille Scolopendridae[9],[4],[5],[10].

Références

  1. a b et c Leach, W. E. 1814 [1816]. A tabular view of the external characters of four classes of animals, which Linné arranged under Insecta; with the distribution of the genera composing three of these classes into orders, etc. and descriptions of several new genera. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 11(2): 306–400. (BHL) (Scolopendrides p. 381)
  2. a b et c Newport, G. 1844. Monograph of the Class Myriapoda, Order Chilopoda; with observations on the general arrangement of the Articulata. The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 19: 265-302, 349-439. (lire en ligne)
  3. a et b Siriwut, W., Edgecombe, G. D., Sutcharit, C., Tongkerd, P., Panha, S. 2016. A taxonomic review of the centipede genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) in mainland Southeast Asia, with description of a new species from Laos. ZooKeys 590: 1-124. (lire en ligne)
  4. a b et c Cupul-Magaña, F. G., Bueno-Villegas, J., Flores-Guerrero, U. S., Rodríguez-López, E. 2015. Ciempiés (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) depositados en la Colección Nacional de Arácnidos (CNAN) del Instituto de Biología, UNAM, México: registros recientes. Boletín de la Sociedad Entomológica Aragonesa (S.E.A.), 56: 364-366.
  5. a b et c Chagas, A., Jr, Edgecombe, G., Minelli, A. 2008. Variability In Trunk Segmentation In The Centipede Order Scolopendromorpha: A Remarkable New Species Of Scolopendropsis Brandt (Chilopoda: Scolopendridae) From Brazil. Zootaxa, 1888: 36-46.
  6. Siriwut, W., Edgecombe, G. D., Sutcharit, C., Panha, S. 2014. Brooding behaviour of the centipede Otostigmus spinosus Porat, 1876 (Chilopoda: Scolopendromorpha: Scolopendridae) and its morphological variability in Thailand. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 62: 339–351.
  7. Schileyko, A. A., Solovyeva, E. N. 2019. On the taxonomic position of the enigmatic genus Tonkinodentus Schileyko, 1992 (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha): the first molecular data. ZooKeys, 840: 133-155. (lire en ligne)
  8. Sherwan T. A., Fenik, Sh. H. 2016. First record of two Scolopendromorph centipedes; Scolopendra subspinipes Leach, (1815) and Scolopendra polymorpha Wood, (1861) with additional notes on Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, (1829) in Iraq. ZANCO Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences, 82(6): 471-428.
  9. a et b Cupul-Magaña, F. G. 2011. Centipedes (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) of Biologia Centrali-Americana: Current status of the names, International Journal of Myriapodology, 5: 55-62.
  10. a et b Chagas, A. Jr. 2012. The centipede genus Otostigmus Porat in Brazil: Description of three new species from the Atlantic Forest; A summary and an identification key to the Brazilian species of this genus (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae, Otostigminae). Zootaxa, 3280: 1-28.
  11. Simaiakis, S., Nesrine, A., Zapparoli, M. 2016. The centipedes of Peloponnisos and first records of genus Eurygeophilus in the East Mediterranean (Myriapoda: Chilopoda). Zootaxa, 4061(4): 301–346.
  12. Bonato, L., Chagas, A. Jr, Edgecombe, G. D., Lewis, J. G. E., Minelli, A., Pereira, L. A., Shelley, R. M., Stoev, P., Zapparoli, M. 2016. ChiloBase 2.0 - A World Catalogue of Centipedes (Chilopoda). Available at http://chilobase.biologia.unipd.it

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Scolopendridae: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

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Les Scolopendridae sont une famille de myriapodes chilopodes.

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Scolopendridae ( İtalyanca )

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Gli Scolopendridi (Scolopendridae Newport, 1844) sono una famiglia di chilopodi dell'ordine degli Scolopendromorpha.

Presentano un corpo segmentato in numerosi parti e dotato di più di venti paia di sottili arti e antenne. L'accesa colorazione di questi animali notturni rispecchia la loro natura velenosa, invero per mezzo degli artigli stordiscono e uccidono le loro prede.

Tassonomia

La famiglia Scolopendridae comprende 416 specie suddivise in 20 generi e 3 sottofamiglie.[1][2][3]

Sottofamiglia Otostigmatinae

 src=
Esemplare del genere Ethmostigmus

Sottofamiglia Scolopendrinae

 src=
Esemplare di Scolopendra polymorpha

Sottofamiglia Sterropristinae

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Scolopendridae - Checklist View, su gbif.org. URL consultato il 26 settembre 2014.
  2. ^ (EN) Scolopendra info, su yumpu.com. URL consultato il 26 settembre 2014.
  3. ^ (EN) CHILOBASE, su chilobase.bio.unipd.it. URL consultato il 26 settembre 2014.

Bibliografia

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Scolopendridae: Brief Summary ( İtalyanca )

wikipedia IT tarafından sağlandı

Gli Scolopendridi (Scolopendridae Newport, 1844) sono una famiglia di chilopodi dell'ordine degli Scolopendromorpha.

Presentano un corpo segmentato in numerosi parti e dotato di più di venti paia di sottili arti e antenne. L'accesa colorazione di questi animali notturni rispecchia la loro natura velenosa, invero per mezzo degli artigli stordiscono e uccidono le loro prede.

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Scolopendridae ( Latince )

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Scolopendridae sunt familia magnorum myriapodorum classis Chilopodorum. Unum huius familiae genus amphibium est.[2] [3] [4]

Genera

Familiae fortasse sunt viginti una genera.[5]

Notae

  1. ITIS
  2. Holmes, O. (1 July 2016). "Giant swimming, venomous centipede discovered by accident in world-first" .
  3. Bates, M. (26 June 2016). "'Horrific' First Amphibious Centipede Discovered". National Geographic .
  4. Siriwut, W.; Edgecombe, G. D.; Sutcharit, C.; Tongkerd, P.; Panha, S. (2016). "A taxonomic review of the centipede genus Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopendridae) in mainland Southeast Asia, with description of a new species from Laos". ZooKeys 590: 1–124 .
  5. "Sterropristes", Animal Diversity Web, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, accessed 26 Martii 2017.

Nexus externi

Commons-logo.svg Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Scolopendridas spectant.
Wikispecies-logo.svg Vide "Scolopendridas" apud Vicispecies. Wikidata-logo.svg Situs scientifici:ITISNCBIBiodiversityEncyclopedia of LifeWoRMS: Marine SpeciesFossilworks
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Scolopendridae: Brief Summary ( Latince )

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Scolopendridae sunt familia magnorum myriapodorum classis Chilopodorum. Unum huius familiae genus amphibium est.

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Skolopendru dzimta ( Letonca )

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Skolpendru dzimta (Scolopendridae) pieder pie simtkāju kārtas. Ap 400 dzimtas sugas sastopamas visā pasaulē, īpaši subtropu un tropu apgabalos. Mitinās augsnē, nobirušās lapās, plaisās, spraugās.

Sistemātika

Dzimta apvieno aptuveni 20 ģintis[1][2]

Atsauces


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Skolopendru dzimta: Brief Summary ( Letonca )

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Skolpendru dzimta (Scolopendridae) pieder pie simtkāju kārtas. Ap 400 dzimtas sugas sastopamas visā pasaulē, īpaši subtropu un tropu apgabalos. Mitinās augsnē, nobirušās lapās, plaisās, spraugās.

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Tijgerduizendpoten ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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De tijgerduizendpoten (Scolopendridae) vormen een familie van duizendpoten binnen de orde Scolopendromorpha.

Kenmerken

Deze geleedpotigen zijn fraai gekleurd: geel, rood, oranje of groen, vaak met donkere banden of strepen. Ze bevatten 21 tot 23 paar poten en draadvormige antennen, die minder dan 35 segmenten bevatten. Aan beide kanten van de kop bevinden zich 4 ocelli. De lichaamslengte varieert van 3 tot 30 cm.

Leefwijze

Deze nachtactieve dieren jagen op muizen en kikkers, die ze met hun gifkaken overmeesteren. Het gif kan een mens doden.

Voortplanting

De eieren worden afgezet in aarde of onder stenen of boomschors.

Verspreiding en leefgebied

Dit geslacht komt wereldwijd voor in warme gebieden, in aarde, bladstrooisel, scheuren en spleten.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • David Burnie (2001) - Animals, Dorling Kindersley Limited, London. ISBN 90-18-01564-4 (naar het Nederlands vertaald door Jaap Bouwman en Henk J. Nieuwenkamp).
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Tijgerduizendpoten: Brief Summary ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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De tijgerduizendpoten (Scolopendridae) vormen een familie van duizendpoten binnen de orde Scolopendromorpha.

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Skolopendrowate ( Lehçe )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Skolopendrowate[1] (Scolopendridae) – rodzina dużych pareczników z rzędu skolopendrokształtnych.

Należące tu pareczniki mają po 4 pary oczu prostych na bokach płytki głowowej, rozmieszczone na planie rombów[2][3]. Są pozbawione są bruzd poprzecznych na sternitach tułowia[3]. Ich stopy są dwuczęściowe, a szczękonóża odznaczają się obecności wyrostka na trochanteroprefemur i długim, kielichowatym ujściem gruczołów jadowych[2].

Analizy morfologiczne Edgecombe i Kocha z 2008 oraz molekularne Vahtery i innych z 2013 potwierdzają monofiletyzm skolopendrowatych[2][4]. Te ostatnie wskazują również na monofiletyzm obu zaliczanych tu podrodzin: Otostigminae i Scolopendrinae, natomiast poważnie podważają monofiletyzm wielu rodzajów Otostigminae[4].

Do skolopendrowatych należą rodzaje[5][4]:

Przypisy

  1. Słownik polszczyzny XVI wieku T. 15: Mor - Nałysion. Wrocław, Warszawa, Kraków, Gdańsk, Łódź: Wydawnictwo PAN, Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich, 1984, s. 17. ISBN 83-04-01563-3.
  2. a b c Gregory D. Edgecombe, Markus Koch. Phylogeny of scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda): morphological analysis featuring characters from the peristomatic area. „Cladistics”. 24, s. 872–901, 2008. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00220.x (ang.).
  3. a b Wolfgang Bücherl, Eleanor E. Buckley (red.) Venomous Chilopods or Centipedes: Venomous Animals and Their Venoms. Volume III: Venomous Invertebrates. New York, London: Academic Press, 1971, s. 180-181.
  4. a b c Varpu Vahtera, Gregory D. Edgecombe, Gonzalo Giribet. Phylogenetics of scolopendromorph centipedes: can denser taxon sampling improve an artificial classification?. „Invertebrate Systematics”. 27, s. 578–602, 2013. CSIRO Publishing. DOI: 10.1071/IS13035.
  5. Scolopendridae. W: BioLib.cz [on-line]. [dostęp 2017-05-01].
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Skolopendrowate: Brief Summary ( Lehçe )

wikipedia POL tarafından sağlandı

Skolopendrowate (Scolopendridae) – rodzina dużych pareczników z rzędu skolopendrokształtnych.

Należące tu pareczniki mają po 4 pary oczu prostych na bokach płytki głowowej, rozmieszczone na planie rombów. Są pozbawione są bruzd poprzecznych na sternitach tułowia. Ich stopy są dwuczęściowe, a szczękonóża odznaczają się obecności wyrostka na trochanteroprefemur i długim, kielichowatym ujściem gruczołów jadowych.

Analizy morfologiczne Edgecombe i Kocha z 2008 oraz molekularne Vahtery i innych z 2013 potwierdzają monofiletyzm skolopendrowatych. Te ostatnie wskazują również na monofiletyzm obu zaliczanych tu podrodzin: Otostigminae i Scolopendrinae, natomiast poważnie podważają monofiletyzm wielu rodzajów Otostigminae.

Do skolopendrowatych należą rodzaje:

Akymnopellis Shelley, 2008 Alipes Imhoff, 1854 Alluropus Silvestri, 1911 Arthrorhabdus Pocock, 1891 Asanada Meinert, 1885 Campylostigmus Ribaut, 1923 Colobopleurus Kraepelin, 1903 Cormocephalus Newport, 1845 Digitipes Attems, 1930 Edentistoma Tömösváry, 1882 Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898 Hemiscolopendra Kraepelin, 1903 Kanparka Waldock et Edgecombe, 2012 Notiasemus L.E. Koch, 1985 Otostigmus Porat, 1876 Psiloscolopendra Kraepelin, 1903 Rhoda Meinert, 1886 Rhysida Wood, 1862 Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 Scolopendropsis Brandt, 1841 Sterropristes Attems, 1934
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Scolopendridae ( Portekizce )

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Scolopendridae (da língua grega para o latim σκολόπενδρα, skolopendra) é uma família biológica de animais quilópodes, família esta com uma numerosa quantidade de gêneros.

Descrição

São animais peçonhentos pertencentes à classe Chilopoda com cerca de 3.150 espécies reconhecidas, enquanto Scolopendromorpha inclui cerca de 700 espécies, pertencentes a 34 gêneros, e cinco famílias[1]. Algumas chegam a ter quase 50 centímetros de comprimento e estão presentes em todos os continentes. São chamadas de centopeias assim como o piolho-de-cobra, porém são espécies distintas já que os piolhos-de-cobra pertencem à classe Diplopoda.

Ecologia

Existem no Brasil cerca de dez espécies segundo BARROSO et al, 2001 são as principais: a Scolopendra viridicornis, S. subspinipes, Otostigmus scabricauda, Cryptops iheringi e Octocryptops ferrugineus. Ainda segundo este autor a S. viridicornis é a mais comum no Brasil. [2]

Possuem o corpo dividido em cabeça e tronco. Na cabeça, possuem um par de antenas, dois pares de olhos simples e os maxilípedes. O tronco é formado por numerosos segmentos, cada um com um par de pernas articuladas. Entretanto as patas de cada segmento não se movem simetricamente (como nos miriápodes) mas sim num sistema geral no qual um grupo de patas produz apenas um apoio e empuxo, o que lhes confere muito mais rapidez.

Vivem por até seis anos e preferem ambientes úmidos sob folhas e troncos podres. Alojam-se sob pedras, cascas de árvores, folhas no solo e troncos em decomposição, ou constroem um sistema de galerias, contendo uma câmara onde o animal se esconde. Podem também ser encontradas em hortas, entulhos, vasos, xaxins, sob tijolos, em boxes de banheiros ou em qualquer parte da casa que não receba luz solar e seja úmida.

De hábito notívago, a centopeia é, por sua vez, presa de corujas, ouriços, musaranhos e sapos. Considerada um animal peçonhento, a lacraia ou centopeia pode produzir acidentes dolorosos para o ser humano, frequentemente ocorridos na manipulação de objetos onde este animal estava escondido. O quadro clínico não é grave, variando de acordo com o número de picadas, e da sensibilidade a peçonha por parte da vítima.

Na superclasse dos myriapoda os animais apresentam os órgãos de tomosvary, que são higroreceptores. Graças a esses órgãos elas conseguem procurar um local de maior umidade. Os miriápodes têm grandes problemas com a perda de água. Um dos fatores são os espiráculos (respiração) que se encontram abertos, facilitando a perda de água por evaporação. Nos miriápodes a locomoção é muito mais lenta porque as patas de cada segmento movem sempre simetricamente.

As lacraias são quilópodes, animais de sexos separados cujo desenvolvimento pode ser direto ou indireto. No início da primavera a fêmea deposita de 15 a 50 ovos que medem cerca de 1mm de diâmetro em torno dos quais se enrola e deles cuida por cerca de quatro semanas, findas as quais, eclodem os filhotes idênticos à mãe. Neste período a centopeia fica muito vulnerável.

As centopeias são organismos super adaptados, tanto que uma espécie com 15 pares de patas originária do mediterrâneo se expandiu por todo o hemisfério norte.

É um mito popular que elas transmitem doenças. Ao contrário, na Coreia e toda a Indochina, lacraias secas ao sol são consumidos como remédio. Pesquisas com espécies utilizadas na medicina tradicional chinesa identificaram a presença de alcaloide "scolopendrina" [3] e pesquisas com um peptídeo isolado de sua peçonha revelaram um potente efeito analgésico [4]

A lacraia ou centopeia, assim como outros invertebrados serviam de alimento também para os nativos do Novo Mundo[5]. Indígenas de Pernambuco do século XVII retiravam as vísceras das centopeias e as comiam [6].

Peçonha

As centopeias são predadores muito eficientes, algumas espécies são capazes de comer pequenos roedores, anfíbios e até mesmo serpentes. Têm o comportamento típico de levantar a cauda, quando ameaçadas. No entanto, não é na cauda que se encontram os ferrões e sim nos maxilípedes que é um par de patas adaptado como mandíbula inoculadora de peçonha.

A peçonha da espécie Scolopendra subspinipes provocam dor e inchaço extremos e causaram uma fatalidade relatada[7][8]. Descobriu-se que o veneno de certas espécies de Scolopendra contém compostos como a serotonina, a fosfolipase hemolítica, uma proteína cardiotóxica e uma citolisina.[9]

Um youtuber e naturalista amador Coyote Peterson foi picado por uma Scolopendra heros[10], vulgarmente conhecida como a centopeia gigante do deserto, e declarou que a picada dela foi a mais dolorosa e perigosa que ele já recebeu de um animal, incluindo o da Pompilidae, formiga-cabo-verde e até o monstro-de-gila.

Ver também

Referências

  1. "Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758". ChiloBase. Università di Padova. Arquivado desde o original em 22 de julho de 2011. Retirado em 29 de outubro de 2010. https://academic.oup.com/biolinnean/article/105/3/507/2452642
  2. BARROSO, Eduardo et al . Acidentes por centopéia notificados pelo "Centro de Informações Toxicológicas de Belém", num período de dois anos. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop., Uberaba , v. 34, n. 6, p. 527-530, Dec. 2001 . Available from http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0037-86822001000600005&lng=en&nrm=iso>. access on 27 Apr. 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822001000600005.
  3. Noda N, Yashiki Y, Nakatani T, Miyahara K, Du XM. A novel quinoline alkaloid possessing a 7-benzyl group from the centipede, Scolopendra subspinipes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2001 Jul;49(7):930-1. PDFAcesso abril, 2015
  4. Shilong Yang, Yao Xiao, Di Kang, Jie Liu, Yuan Li, Eivind A. B. Undheim, Julie K. Klint, Mingqiang Rong, Ren Lai, and Glenn F. King. Discovery of a selective NaV1.7 inhibitor from centipede venom with analgesic efficacy exceeding morphine in rodent pain models PNAS 2013 110 (43) 17534-17539; published ahead of print September 30, 2013, doi:10.1073/pnas.1306285110
  5. CAVALCANTE, Messias S. Comidas dos Nativos do Novo Mundo. Barueri, SP. Sá Editora. 2014, 403p.ISBN 9788582020364
  6. PISO, Guilherme (1611-1678). História natural e médica da Índia Ocidental. Rio de Janeiro, Coleção de Obras Raras – Instituto Nacional do Livro – Ministério da Educação e Cultura. 1957, 685 p.
  7. Sean P. Bush, Bradley O. King, Robert L. Norris, Scott A. Stockwell, "Centipede envenomation" Junho de 2001, Volume 12, Edição 2, Páginas 93–99 "Centipede envenomation" https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1080603201707004
  8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11434497
  9. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/769448-overview
  10. "BITTEN by a GIANT DESERT CENTIPEDE!" Brave Wilderness (20 de Dezembro de 2017) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nWZMfPP34g8

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Scolopendridae: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

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Scolopendridae (da língua grega para o latim σκολόπενδρα, skolopendra) é uma família biológica de animais quilópodes, família esta com uma numerosa quantidade de gêneros.

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Настоящие сколопендры ( Rusça )

wikipedia русскую Википедию tarafından sağlandı
Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Первичноротые
Без ранга: Линяющие
Без ранга: Panarthropoda
Надкласс: Многоножки
Класс: Губоногие
Подкласс: Pleurostigmophora
Семейство: Scolopendridae
Международное научное название

Scolopendridae Newport, 1844

Типовой род
Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758
Wikispecies-logo.svg
Систематика
на Викивидах
Commons-logo.svg
Изображения
на Викискладе
ITIS 913862NCBI 41363EOL 6373FW 205078

Настоящие сколопендры[1] (лат. Scolopendridae) — семейство губоногих многоножек, включающее около 20 родов и более 400 видов[2], в том числе сколопендр (Scolopendra)[3]. Сколопендра гигантская (Scolopendra gigantea), обитающая на островах Ямайка и Тринидад, на севере и западе Южной Америки, достигает длины 30 см[4].

  • Scolopendra cingulata - D7-08-2259.JPG
  • Scolopendra cingulata - D7-08-2291.JPG
  • Scolopendra cingulata - D7-08-229.jpg
  • Scolopendra cingulata - D7-09-3326.JPG

Примечания

  1. Гиляров М. С. Надкласс Многоножки (Myriapoda) // Жизнь животных. Том 3. Членистоногие: трилобиты, хелицеровые, трахейнодышащие. Онихофоры / под ред. М. С. Гилярова, Ф. Н. Правдина, гл. ред. В. Е. Соколов. — 2-е изд. — М.: Просвещение, 1984. — С. 120. — 463 с.
  2. Minelli, Alessandro. (2011). «Class Chilopoda, Class Symphyla and Class Pauropoda». — In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) «Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness». — Zootaxa 3148:157-158
  3. Gregory D. Edgecombe, Markus Koch. (2008). Phylogeny of scolopendromorph centipedes (Chilopoda): morphological analysis featuring characters from the peristomatic area. — «Cladistics». 24, s. 872—901, 2008. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2008.00220.x
  4. Shelley R. M. & S. B. Kiser (2000). “Neotype designation and a diagnostic account for the centipede, Scolopendra gigantea L. 1758, with an account of S. galapagoensis Bollman 1889 (Chilopoda Scolopendromorpha Scolopendridae)”. Tropical Zoology. 13 (1): 159—170.
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Настоящие сколопендры: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

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Настоящие сколопендры (лат. Scolopendridae) — семейство губоногих многоножек, включающее около 20 родов и более 400 видов, в том числе сколопендр (Scolopendra). Сколопендра гигантская (Scolopendra gigantea), обитающая на островах Ямайка и Тринидад, на севере и западе Южной Америки, достигает длины 30 см.

Alipes Imhoff, 1854 (= Eucorybas) Alluropus Silvestri, 1911 Arthrorhabdus Pocock, 1891 (= Arthrorhabdinus) Asanada Meinert, 1885 (= Pseudocryptops) Campylostigmus Ribaut, 1923 Colobopleurus Kraepelin, 1903 Cormocephalus Newport, 1845 Digitipes Attems, 1930 Edentistoma Tömösváry, 1882 (= Anodontastoma, Arrhabdotus) Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898 (= Dacetum, Heterostoma) Ethmostigmus rubripes Hemiscolopendra Kraepelin, 1903 Notiasemus Koch, 1985 Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (= Branchiotrema) Psiloscolopendra Kraepelin, 1903 Rhoda Meinert, 1886 (= Pithopus) Rhysida Wood, 1862 (= Branchiostoma, Ethmophorus, Ptychotrema, Trematoptychus) Scolopendra Linnaeus, 1758 Scolopendropsis Brandt, 1841 Scolopendra cingulata - D7-08-2259.JPG Scolopendra cingulata - D7-08-2291.JPG Scolopendra cingulata - D7-08-229.jpg Scolopendra cingulata - D7-09-3326.JPG
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왕지네과 ( Korece )

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왕지네과(王-科, Scolopendridae)는 왕지네목에 속하는 순각류 과의 하나이다.

일부 속

  • Alipes Imhoff, 1854 (= Eucorybas)
  • Alluropus Silvestri, 1911
  • Arthrorhabdus Pocock, 1891 (= Arthrorhabdinus)
  • Asanada Meinert, 1885 (= Pseudocryptops)
  • Campylostigmus Ribaut, 1923
  • Colobopleurus Kraepelin, 1903
  • Cormocephalus Newport, 1845
  • Digitipes Attems, 1930
  • Edentistoma Tömösváry, 1882 (= Anodontastoma, Arrhabdotus)
  • Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898 (= Dacetum, Heterostoma)
  • Hemiscolopendra Kraepelin, 1903
  • Notiasemus Koch, 1985
  • Otostigmus Porat, 1876 (= Branchiotrema)
  • Psiloscolopendra Kraepelin, 1903
  • Rhoda Meinert, 1886 (= Pithopus)
  • Rhysida Wood, 1862 (= Branchiostoma, Ethmophorus, Ptychotrema, Trematoptychus)
  • 왕지네속 (Scolopendra) Linnaeus, 1758
  • Scolopendropsis Brandt, 1841

외부 링크

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