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Simsia ( İngilizce )

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Simsia is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae.[3][6] It includes annuals, herbaceous perennials, and shrubs. They range from the western United States south through Central and South America to Argentina, with the center of diversity occurring in Mexico. The genus is named for British physician and botanist John Sims (1749–1831).[7] Although some species are relatively rare, others have become common weeds that line the roadsides and fields of Mexico, often forming dense stands mixed with Tithonia and other Asteraceae. Some species are known by the common name bushsunflower.[8]

Description and systematics

A feature that characterizes many of the species of the genus and helps to distinguish them from related genera is the extremely flattened cypsela (achene). There are, however, several species in which the cypsela is biconvex, and these are recognized as belonging to Simsia by a group of other, mostly technical features, including nodal disks (stipule-like appendages at the base of the petioles), relatively long and narrow ray ovaries, and long and tapering style branches that lack a pronounced apical appendage.[7]

The genus was thoroughly studied by Spooner[9] using comparative morphology, chromosome counts, and crossing experiments, and based on samples from wide-ranging field work. Subsequently two new species have been documented,[10] and additional species are being transferred into the genus. Although at one time, Simsia was considered to be related to other genera with flattened cypselae, such as Encelia, it is now firmly established that Simsia is part of subtribe Helianthinae (the taxonomic group which includes the common sunflower, Helianthus annuus), and is a close relative of Tithonia[7][11]

All of the species for which chromosome counts have been made are diploid (x = 17), and crossing experiments suggest that there are few barriers to hybridization between species of the genus. Natural hybridization appears to occur and may complicate identification of some specimens, particularly involving the weedy species such as S. foetida, S. amplexicaulis, and S. lagascaeformis.[4]

Species[5][12][13]
Formerly included[5]

numerous species now regarded as members of other genera: Encelia Geraea Iostephane Viguiera

References

  1. ^ "Genus: Simsia Pers". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 1996-09-17. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  2. ^ Tropicos, Simsia R. Br.
  3. ^ a b Tropicos, Simsia Pers.
  4. ^ a b Robinson, Harold Ernest; Brettell, R. D. (1972). "Studies in the Heliantheae (Asteraceae). II. A survey of the Mexican and Central American species of Simsia". Phytologia. 24 (5): 361–377. doi:10.5962/bhl.part.17146.
  5. ^ a b c Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist Archived 2014-11-06 at archive.today
  6. ^ Persoon, Christiaan Hendrik. 1807. Synopsis Plantarum 2: 478-479 in Latin
  7. ^ a b c Spooner, David M. "Simsia Persoon, Syn. Pl. 2: 478. 1807". Flora of North America. eFloras.org. Retrieved 2011-12-30.
  8. ^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Simsia". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 15 November 2015.
  9. ^ Spooner, D. M. 1990. Systematics of Simsia (Compositae-Heliantheae). Systematic Botany Monographs 30: 1-90.
  10. ^ Panero, J. L.; E. E. Schilling (1992). "Two new species of Simsia from southern Mexico". Novon. 2 (4): 35–38. doi:10.2307/3391498. JSTOR 3391498.
  11. ^ Schilling, E. E.; J. L. Panero (1996). "Phylogenetic reticulation in subtribe Helianthinae". American Journal of Botany. 83 (7): 939–948. doi:10.2307/2446272. JSTOR 2446272.
  12. ^ The Plant List search for Simsia
  13. ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
  14. ^ a b "Simsia". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  15. ^ "GRIN Species Records of Simsia". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2011-02-13.
  • Media related to Simsia at Wikimedia Commons
  • Data related to Simsia at Wikispecies
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Simsia: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Simsia is a genus of flowering plants in the tribe Heliantheae within the family Asteraceae. It includes annuals, herbaceous perennials, and shrubs. They range from the western United States south through Central and South America to Argentina, with the center of diversity occurring in Mexico. The genus is named for British physician and botanist John Sims (1749–1831). Although some species are relatively rare, others have become common weeds that line the roadsides and fields of Mexico, often forming dense stands mixed with Tithonia and other Asteraceae. Some species are known by the common name bushsunflower.

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Simsia ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Simsia es un género de plantas con flores perteneciente a la familia Asteraceae. Comprende 60 especies descritas y de estas, solo 25 aceptadas.[1][2]​ Se encuentra distribuido desde el suroeste de los Estados Unidos hasta el centro de Argentina, con una variedad en Jamaica.

Descripción

Son hierbas anuales o perennes, sufruticosas a arbustos gruesos, pubescentes; tallos teretes. Las hojas opuestas por lo menos en la parte inferior, 3-nervias desde la base, a menudo reducidas en las ramas superiores y especialmente en la capitulescencia, márgenes finos a gruesamente serrados a crenulados, no lobados a lobados; pecioladas. Capitulescencias cimosas a paniculadas, laxa a estrechamente ramificadas, pedúnculos casi siempre puberulento-glandulares; capítulos heterógamos, radiados (en Nicaragua), ovoides a campanulados, los radios rápidamente caedizos en los aquenios persistentes; involucros campanulados; filarias en 2–4 series, imbricadas, aplicadas o reflexas, las series exteriores e internas subiguales o las exteriores más cortas, dorsalmente pubescentes; páleas escariosas, rígidas, agudas a acuminadas o aristadas, en general pajizas y glabras abaxialmente, escabrosas o pubescentes, frecuentemente verdes, purpúreas o blanquecinas adaxialmente; receptáculos convexos; flósculos del radio en 1 serie, los ovarios estériles, lineares, triquetros, glabros o con tricomas puberulentos a lo largo del margen; flósculos del disco tubulares y abruptamente ensanchados hacia arriba en una garganta subcilíndrica, ventricosos en la base y ligeramente expandidos en el ápice, terminando en 5 lobos triangulares, el tubo puberulento-glandular, la garganta glabra, puberulenta o pubescente, los lobos puberulento-glandulares por fuera, las anteras con apéndices terminales ovados, los estilos amarillos con base ensanchada hasta formar un bulbo globoso, ramas delgadas y generalmente enrolladas. Aquenios obovados u oblongos, lateralmente comprimidos, con los ápices adyacentes al punto de unión de la corola, glabros o con 2 aristas ascendentes aplanadas en la base, sin escamitas, glabros o adpreso-pubescentes, café-negros o moteados cuando maduros, estos colores y formas pueden encontrarse en una misma especie o población.[3]

Taxonomía

El género fue descrito por Christiaan Hendrik Persoon y publicado en Synopsis Plantarum 2: 478–479. 1807.[3]​ La especie tipo es Simsia amplexicaulis (Cav.) Pers.

Etimología

Simsia: nombre genérico dado en honor al médico y botánico inglés John Sims (1749–1831)[4]

Especies aceptadas

A continuación se brinda un listado de las especies del género Simsia aceptadas hasta julio de 2012, ordenadas alfabéticamente. Para cada una se indica el nombre binomial seguido del autor, abreviado según las convenciones y usos.

Referencias

  1. Simsia en Global Compositae
  2. Simsia en PlantList
  3. a b «Simsia». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 24 de agosto de 2012.
  4. Spooner, David M. «Simsia». Flora of North America (en inglés). Consultado el 25 de agosto de 2020.
  5. Malaret, Augusto (1970). Lexicón de Fauna y Flora. Madrid: Comisión Permanente de la Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española. pp. vii + 569.

Bibliobrafía

  1. Flora of North America Editorial Committee, e. 2006. Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 8: Asteraceae, part 3. 21: i–xxii + 1–616. In Fl. N. Amer.. Oxford University Press, New York.
  2. Forzza, R. C. & et al. 2010. 2010 Lista de espécies Flora do Brasil. https://web.archive.org/web/20150906080403/http://floradobrasil.jbrj.gov.br/2010/.
  3. Idárraga-Piedrahíta, A., R. D. C. Ortiz, R. Callejas Posada & M. Merello. 2011. Flora de Antioquia. Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares, vol. 2. Listado de las Plantas Vasculares del Departamento de Antioquia. Pp. 1-939.
  4. Molina Rosito, A. 1975. Enumeración de las plantas de Honduras. Ceiba 19(1): 1–118.
  5. Stevens, W. D., C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool & O. M. Montiel. 2001. Flora de Nicaragua. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85: i–xlii,.
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Simsia: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

wikipedia ES tarafından sağlandı

Simsia es un género de plantas con flores perteneciente a la familia Asteraceae. Comprende 60 especies descritas y de estas, solo 25 aceptadas.​​ Se encuentra distribuido desde el suroeste de los Estados Unidos hasta el centro de Argentina, con una variedad en Jamaica.

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Simsia ( Portekizce )

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Simsia é um género botânico pertencente à família Asteraceae[1].

  1. «Simsia — World Flora Online». www.worldfloraonline.org. Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2020
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Simsia: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

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Simsia é um género botânico pertencente à família Asteraceae.

«Simsia — World Flora Online». www.worldfloraonline.org. Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2020  title=
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Simsia ( Vietnamca )

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Simsia là một chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Cúc (Asteraceae).[1]

Loài

Chi Simsia gồm các loài:

Chú thích

  1. ^ The Plant List (2010). Simsia. Truy cập ngày 25 tháng 9 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết tông cúc Heliantheae này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Simsia: Brief Summary ( Vietnamca )

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Simsia là một chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Cúc (Asteraceae).

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Симсия ( Rusça )

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Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Цветковые
Надпорядок: Asteranae
Порядок: Астроцветные
Семейство: Астровые
Подсемейство: Астровые
Род: Симсия
Международное научное название

Simsia Pers., 1801, non R.Br., 1807

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Систематика
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ITIS 38414NCBI 372431EOL 62709GRIN g:11173IPNI 11027-1

Симсия (лат. Simsia) — род растений, входящий в подсемейство Астровые (Asteroideae) семейства Астровые (Asteraceae). Названа в честь британского врача и ботаника Джона Симса.

Ботаническое описание

Многолетние или однолетние травянистые растения или полукустарники, достигающие 20—400 см в высоту. Стебли прямостоячие или приподнимающиеся. Листья расположены очерёдно или супротивно, на иногда крылатых черешках, обычно яйцевидной формы, иногда трёхдольчатые, с гладкими или зубчатыми краями, опушённые или мелкочешуйчатые с обеих сторон. Краевые цветки ложноязычковые, обычно в количестве от 5 до 21, с жёлтыми, розовыми, сиреневыми или белыми венчиками. Срединные цветки в числе 13—154, обоеполые, с чёрными или жёлтыми тычинками. Число хромосом x=17.

Ареал

Представители рода Симсия встречаются в юго-западной части Северной Америки, а также в Центральной и Южной Америке.

Таксономия

ещё 12 семейств
(согласно Системе APG II) ещё более 1130 родов порядок Астроцветные подсемейство Астровые 25 видов отдел Цветковые, или Покрытосеменные семейство Астровые род Симсия ещё 44 порядка цветковых растений
(по Системе APG II) ещё 11 подсемейств

Синонимы

Список видов

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса двудольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Двудольные».
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Симсия: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

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Симсия (лат. Simsia) — род растений, входящий в подсемейство Астровые (Asteroideae) семейства Астровые (Asteraceae). Названа в честь британского врача и ботаника Джона Симса.

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