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Biology ( İngilizce )

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urban areas
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AntWeb. Version 8.45.1. California Academy of Science, online at https://www.antweb.org. Accessed 15 December 2022.
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Distribution Notes ( İngilizce )

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One record from Wallonia, only indoors
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Taxonomic History ( İngilizce )

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Myrmica bicarinata Nylander, 1846b PDF: 1061 (in text) (w.q.) U.S.A. (California). Nearctic. AntCat AntWiki HOL

Taxonomic history

Forel, 1891b: 151 (m., misidentified as Pheidole guineensis (Fabricius, 1793)); Wheeler, G.C. & Wheeler, J. 1954d: 449 (l., misidentified as Pheidole guineensis (Fabricius, 1793)); Wheeler, W.M. 1924c: 136 (gynandromorph, misidentified as Pheidole guineensis (Fabricius, 1793)).Combination in Tetramorium: Mayr, 1862 PDF: 740; Bolton, 1977 PDF: 94.Junior synonym of Pheidole guineensis (Fabricius, 1793): Mayr, 1862 PDF: 740; Roger, 1862c PDF: 293; Roger, 1863b PDF: 27; Mayr, 1863a PDF: 456; Mayr, 1865 PDF: 89; Mayr, 1872 PDF: 151; Emery & Forel, 1879 PDF: 467; Forel, 1891c PDF: 150; Dalla Torre, 1893 PDF: 133; Forel, 1895b PDF: 126; Wheeler, 1908a PDF: 143; Wheeler, 1919d: 274; Wheeler, 1922: 896; Emery, 1924f PDF: 278; Kempf, 1972b PDF: 249.Status as species: Smith, 1858a PDF: 130; Cresson, 1887 PDF: 260; Bolton, 1977 PDF: 70, 94 (redescription); Bolton, 1979 PDF: 164 (redescription); Collingwood, 1979 PDF: 84; Bolton, 1980 PDF: 267 (redescription); Onoyama, 1980a PDF: 197; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 89; Agosti & Collingwood, 1987b PDF: 277 (in key); Taylor, 1987a PDF: 78; Wang et al., 1988: 267; Deyrup et al., 1989 PDF: 97; Brandão, 1991 PDF: 381; Ogata, 1991b PDF: 102; Morisita et al., 1992: 35; Perrault, 1993 PDF: 333; Bolton, 1995b: 405; Wu & Wang, 1995a: 83; Tang et al., 1995: 79; Dorow, 1996a PDF: 81; Collingwood et al., 1997 PDF: 508; Deyrup et al., 2000: 298; Mathew & Tiwari, 2000 PDF: 307; Zhou, 2001a PDF: 106; Wetterer, 2002 PDF: 129; Zhang & Zheng, 2002 PDF: 219; Deyrup, 2003 PDF: 47; Imai et al., 2003 PDF: 136; Lin & Wu, 2003: 66; Wetterer & Vargo, 2003 PDF: 417; Collingwood & Van Harten, 2005 PDF: 76; Jaitrong & Nabhitabhata, 2005 PDF: 43; MacGown & Forster, 2005 PDF: 70; Ward, 2005 PDF: 68; Petrov, 2006 PDF: 100 (in key); Zhou, 2006 PDF: 583; Don, 2007: 145; Clouse, 2007b PDF: 253; Wetterer et al., 2007 PDF: 27; Framenau & Thomas, 2008 PDF: 73; Heterick, 2009 PDF: 177; Terayama, 2009 PDF: 162; Vonshak & Ionescu-Hirsch, 2009 PDF: 45; Wetterer, 2009a PDF: 1; Boer, 2010: 66; Mohanraj et al., 2010 PDF: 7; Collingwood et al., 2011 PDF: 443; Csosz et al., 2011 PDF: 57; Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2011 PDF: 18 (redescription); Karaman, 2011b PDF: 54; Pfeiffer et al., 2011 PDF: 54; Terayama et al., 2011 PDF: 77; Bharti & Kumar, 2012b 10.3897/zookeys.207.3040 PDF: 32 (in key); Guénard & Dunn, 2012 PDF: 56; Sarnat & Economo, 2012 PDF: 138; Sharaf et al., 2012 10.1371/journal.pone.0030811 PDF: 8 (in key); Sarnat et al., 2013 PDF: 72; Borowiec, 2014 PDF: 195; Ramage, 2014 PDF: 166; Guénard & Economo, 2015 10.11646/zootaxa.4040.2.8: 228; Bharti et al., 2016 PDF: 45; Wetterer et al., 2016 PDF: 20; Agavekar et al., 2017 10.7717/peerj.3800 PDF: 9; Deyrup, 2017: 150; Wagner et al., 2018 10.1038/s41598-018-30890-z PDF: 4 (in list); Salata & Borowiec, 2018c 10.5281/zenodo.2199191 PDF: 50; Dekoninck et al., 2019 PDF: 1158; Fernández & Serna, 2019 PDF: 827; Lubertazzi, 2019 10.3099/MCZ-43.1 PDF: 190; Madl, 2019 PDF: 16.Senior synonym of Tetramorium cariniceps: Bolton, 1977 PDF: 94; Bolton, 1995b: 405; Zhou, 2001a PDF: 106; Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2011 PDF: 18.Senior synonym of Tetramorium kollari: Nylander, 1856b PDF: 87; Bolton, 1977 PDF: 94; Bolton, 1995b: 405; Zhou, 2001a PDF: 106; Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2011 PDF: 18.Senior synonym of Tetramorium modesta (Smith, 1860): Bolton, 1977 PDF: 94; Bolton, 1995b: 405; Zhou, 2001a PDF: 106; Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2011 PDF: 18.Senior synonym of Tetramorium reticulata: Bolton, 1977 PDF: 94; Brandão, 1991 PDF: 381; Bolton, 1995b: 405; Zhou, 2001a PDF: 106; Hita Garcia & Fisher, 2011 PDF: 18.[Note: the names Tetramorium cariniceps, Tetramorium kollari and Tetramorium reticulata had previously been incorrectly synonymised with Pheidole guineensis (Fabricius, 1793) by Roger, 1862c PDF: 293, and Mayr, 1862 PDF: 717; Tetramorium modesta (Smith, 1860) was wrongly synonymised with Pheidole guineensis (Fabricius, 1793) by Donisthorpe, 1932c PDF: 463.].
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AntWeb. Version 8.45.1. California Academy of Science, online at https://www.antweb.org. Accessed 15 December 2022.
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Diagnostic Description ( İngilizce )

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I [introduced species]

bibliyografik atıf
Ward, P. S., 2005, A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)., Zootaxa, pp. 1-68, vol. 936
yazar
Ward, P. S.

Diagnostic Description ( İngilizce )

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(Figs 39, 43, 47)

Myrmica bicarinata Nylander , 1846: 1061. Syntype workers, female, U. S. A.: California, 1840 (types lost). Tetramorium bicarinatum (Nylander) ; Mayr, 1862: 740. [For a full statement of the current synonymy of bicarinatum , application of the name and discussion of the species see Bolton, 1977: 94.]

Worker . TL 3.4 - 4.5, HL 0.80 - 1.00, HW 0.68 - 0.86, CI 80 - 87, SL 0.54 - 0.68, SI 75 - 84, PW 0.50 - 0.62, AL 0.94 - 1.20 (114 measured).

Mandibles very finely and densely longitudinally striate; extremely rarely the mandibles appearing finely shagreened. Anterior clypeal margin with a marked median notch or impression. Median portion of clypeus with three longitudinal carinae of about equal strength, a median and one on each side. Sometimes another carina present on each side of the median but these are very feeble by comparison and nearly always incomplete or broken. Frontal carinae strong, running back almost to the occiput and equipped above with a narrow, raised semitranslucent rim or flange. Eyes relatively large, maximum diameter c. 0.19 - 0.24 so that diameter of eye is 0.26 - 0.29 x HW. Pronotal angles sharp in dorsal view. Metanotal groove absent but some specimens with a shallow impression in the alitrunk outline at its approximate position. Propodeal spines in profile strong and acute, moderately long, varying from more or less straight to slightly upcurved along their length. Metapleural lobes elongate-triangular and upcurved. Petiole node in profile roughly rectangular, with parallel or almost parallel anterior and posterior faces and an evenly convex dorsum which meets each face in an angle. The anterodorsal and posterodorsal angles of the node in profile are on a level as the dorsum of the node does not slope upward posteriorly. Dorsum of head with scattered irregular longitudinal rugae with a few cross-meshes but behind the level of the eyes with a strong rugoreticulum (Fig. 47). Ground-sculpture between the rugae superficial and inconspicuous. Dorsum of alitrunk, petiole and postpetiole reticulate-rugose, the sides of the pedicel segments similarly sculptured. Gaster unsculptured for the most part but nearly always with some short, fine, basal costulae on the first tergite. These may be very faint but are only rarely completely absent. All dorsal surfaces with numerous erect or suberect hairs, those projecting from the dorsum of the frontal carinae between the antennal insertions and the occipital corner relatively short (by comparison with other species of the group), shorter than the maximum diameter of the eye. Head, alitrunk, petiole and postpetiole varying from light yellow-brown to bright orange-yellow, the gaster always much darker, deep brown or blackish brown.

T. bicarinatum is a highly successful tramp species which appears to have originated in SE Asia. It is now reasonably common throughout the tropical and subtropical zones of the world except for the Ethiopian region, from which it is unknown. In temperate zones bicarinatum is capable of establishing itself in hothouses, conservatories and other constantly heated buildings.

It is the only member of its group to be found in Madagascar, but in the New World two closely related species also occur as introductions. These are pacificum and insolens , both of which differ from bicarinatum in having the mandibles smooth and shining. In addition to this, the petiole node is very differently shaped in pacificum (compare Figs 43 and 44) and the ant is uniformly dark brown or black in colour. T. insolens also differs in colour from bicarinatum , having the gaster the same colour or lighter than the head and alitrunk, and in addition having relatively much longer hairs on the dorsum of the frontal carinae, which are distinctly longer than the maximum diameter of the eye (compare Figs 39 and 40).

For a full list of material previously examined see Bolton (1977: 96). In this study I have examined material of the Neotropical region from Mexico, Trinidad, Cuba, Puerto Rico, Antigua, Dominican Republic, Barbados, Haiti, Panama, Costa Rica, Honduras, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, Guiana, Brazil and Peru, which indicates that bicarinatum is fairly well established in the neotropics. Material from North America has been seen from the Bahamas, Florida, New York, Ohio, Wisconsin, Illinois, Georgia, Texas, W. Virginia, California. The majority of this material is deposited in USNM, Washington; MCZ, Cambridge; LACM, Los Angeles; BMNH.

bibliyografik atıf
Bolton, B., 1979, The ant tribe Tetramoriini (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). The genus Tetramorium Mayr in the Malagasy region and in the New World., Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology, pp. 129-181, vol. 38
yazar
Bolton, B.

Tetramorium bicarinatum ( İngilizce )

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Tetramorium bicarinatum, is a species of ant of the family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera that originated in South East Asia.[1]

Morphology

It is a reddish headed medium-sized ant, with mesosoma and waist contrasting with a dark gaster.[2]

Habitat

The species can adversely affect native biodiversity.[2] It is also said to be a common tramp species which is usually found inside of houses, in greenhouses and shade houses, or in landscaped areas near houses.[3]

Venom

The Tetramorium bicarinatum's venom arrangement shows potential for a new pharmacologically active substance, bicarinalin. This antibacterial, antimicrobial, and anti-infective compound could potentially be chemically synthesized to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens by means of drug therapy.[4][5][6]

References

  1. ^ "Taxonomic History (provided by Barry Bolton, 2013)". Species: Tetramorium (bicarinatum) bicarinatum, AntWeb.
  2. ^ a b "Tetramorium bicarinatum". PIAkey.
  3. ^ "Ants of Costa Rica". John T. Longino, The Evergreen State College.
  4. ^ Bouzid, W.; Klopp, C.; Vétillard, A. (December 2013). "Transcriptome analysis of expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the venom glands of the ant species Tetramorium bicarinatum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)". Toxicon. 75: 210–211. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.08.018.
  5. ^ Rifflet, Aline; Gavalda, Sabine; Téné, Nathan; Orivel, Jérôme; Leprince, Jérôme; Guilhaudis, Laure; Génin, Eric; Vétillard, Angélique; Treilhou, Michel (December 2012). "Identification and characterization of a novel antimicrobial peptide from the venom of the ant Tetramorium bicarinatum". Peptides. 38 (2): 363–370. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2012.08.018. PMID 22960382.
  6. ^ Bouzid, Wafa; Klopp, Christophe; Verdenaud, Marion; Ducancel, Frédéric; Vétillard, Angélique (August 2013). "Profiling the venom gland transcriptome of Tetramorium bicarinatum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): The first transcriptome analysis of an ant species". Toxicon. 70: 70–81. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.03.010.
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Tetramorium bicarinatum: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Tetramorium bicarinatum, is a species of ant of the family Formicidae in the order Hymenoptera that originated in South East Asia.

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Tetramorium bicarinatum ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Tetramorium bicarinatum es una especie de insecto himenóptero de la familia de los formícidos (hormigas).[1]​ Es oriunda de la región indomalaya aunque actualmente se encuentra en todos los continentes con la excepción de la Antártida.[2]​ Fue descrita en 1846 por el botánico, briólogo, micólogo, y entomólogo finlandés William Nylander.[3]

Referencias

  1. Sistema Integrado de Información Taxonómica. «Tetramorium bicarinatum (TSN 154246)» (en inglés).
  2. «Species: Tetramorium bicarinatum». AntWeb v8.2.20 (en inglés). Academia de Ciencias de California. Consultado el 24 de junio de 2019.
  3. Nylander, William (1846). «Additamentum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae.». Acta Societatis Scientiarum Fennicae 2: 1041-1062. (publicación original)
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Tetramorium bicarinatum: Brief Summary ( İspanyolca; Kastilyaca )

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Tetramorium bicarinatum es una especie de insecto himenóptero de la familia de los formícidos (hormigas).​ Es oriunda de la región indomalaya aunque actualmente se encuentra en todos los continentes con la excepción de la Antártida.​ Fue descrita en 1846 por el botánico, briólogo, micólogo, y entomólogo finlandés William Nylander.​

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Ribbelzaadmier ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Insecten

De ribbelzaadmier (Tetramorium bicarinatum) is een mierensoort uit de onderfamilie van de Myrmicinae.[1][2] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1846 door Nylander.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
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Tetramorium bicarinatum ( Rusça )

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Tetramorium bicarinatum worker.jpg

Tetramorium bicarinatum (лат.) — вид мелких муравьёв рода Tetramorium из подсемейства Myrmicinae. Космополитный вид[1].

Распространение

Один из наиболее массовых и широко распространённых в мире видов муравьёв. Расселён человеком почти по всему миру. Встречается в тропиках и субтропиках Северной и Южной Америк, Африки, Азии и Австралии и Океании. Также он проник в страны умеренного климата через ботанические сады, зоопарки и оранжереи Европы. Предположительной родиной считается тропическая Африка, так как ближайшие к нему члены видовой группы T. bicarinatum species group обнаружены только в Афротропике[1][2][3][4].

Описание

Мелкие мирмициновые муравьи (длина около 3 мм), рыжевато-коричневого цвета (голова и грудка от желтовато-оранжевого цвета до оранжево-коричневого, а брюшко всегда темнее, буровато-чёрное). Усики 12-члениковые (у самцов из 13 сегментов) с булавой из 3 сегментов, скапус короткий. Стебелёк между грудкой и брюшком состоит из двух члеников: петиолюса и постпетиолюса (последний четко отделен от брюшка), жало развито. Глаза сравнительно крупные, состоят из 11—14 оматидиев. Скапус усика относительно длинный, но не достигает затылочного края головы. Головной индекс рабочих (CI, соотношение ширины головы к длине × 100): 85—89. Длина головы рабочих 0,76—0,91 мм, длина скапуса 0,51—0,62 мм, ширина головы 0,65—0,81 мм. Индекс скапуса рабочих (SI, соотношение длины скапуса к ширине головы × 100): 75—80. Голова, жвалы, грудка, петиолюс и постпетиолюс морщинистые, брюшко гладкое и блестящее. Передний край клипеуса с небольшой выемкой, а лобные валики сильно развиты и продолжаются назад далее линии глаз (признаки видовой группы T. bicarinatum species group)[1].

Систематика

Вид Tetramorium bicarinatum был впервые описан в 1846 году финским натуралистом Вильямом Нюландером (под первоначальным названием Myrmica bicarinata Nylander, 1846)[5] и назван так (bicarinatum) по причине сильного развития двух килей на голове: лобные валики продолжаются назад далее линии глаз. В 2011 году его валидность подтверждена американскими мирмекологами Франциско Хита-Гарсиа (Francisco Hita Garcia) и Брайаном Фишером (Brian L. Fisher; Entomology, California Academy of Sciences, Сан-Франциско, Калифорния, США) в ходе ревизии рода. Таксон T. bicarinatum включён в состав видовой группы T. bicarinatum species group рода Tetramorium (вместе с T. insolens, T. pacificum и другими). Сходен с видами T. insolens (Smith, F., 1861) (этот вид одноцветный оранжево-коричневый) и T. pacificum Mayr, 1870 (одноцветный буровато-чёрный), отличаясь от них своим буровато-чёрным брюшком, а от других близких видов формой узелка петиоля, скульптурой мандибул, опушением и окраской[1].

Сравнение различных каст

Рабочие

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    Голова

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    Вид сбоку

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    Вид сверху

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    Голова

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    Вид сбоку

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    Вид сверху

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    Голова

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    Вид сбоку

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    Вид сверху

Самки

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    Голова

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    Вид сбоку

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    Вид сверху

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    Вид сверху с крыльями

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    Голова

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    Вид сбоку с крыльями

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    Крылья

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    Вид сверху

Самцы

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    Голова

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    Вид сбоку

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    Крылья

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    Вид сверху

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    Голова

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    Вид сбоку

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    Гениталии

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    Вид сверху

Примечания

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Hita Garcia F., Fisher B. L. The ant genus Tetramorium Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region—introduction, definition of species groups, and revision of the T. bicarinatum, T. obesum, T. sericeiventre and T. tosii species groups : [англ.] // Zootaxa : Журнал. — Auckland, New Zealand : Magnolia Press, 2011. — Vol. 3039. — P. 1—72. — ISSN 1175-5326.
  2. Wetterer James K. Worldwide spread of the penny ant, Tetramorium bicarinatum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) // Sociobiology. — 2009. — Vol. 54, no. 3. — P. 811—830.
  3. Astruc, Cyril, Christian Malosse, and Christine Errard. Lack of intraspecific aggression in the ant Tetramorium bicarinatum: a chemical hypothesis // Journal of chemical ecology. — 2001. — Vol. 27, no. 6. — P. 1229—1248.
  4. de Biseau J. C., et al. Respective contributions of leader and trail during recruitment to food inTetramorium bicarinatum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) // Insectes sociaux. — 1994. — Vol. 3, no. 6. — P. 241—254.
  5. Nylander W. Additamentum adnotationum in monographiam formicarum borealium Europae // Acta Soc. Sci. Fenn. 2. — 1846. — Vol. 2. — P. 1041—1062.
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Tetramorium bicarinatum: Brief Summary ( Rusça )

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Tetramorium bicarinatum worker.jpg

Tetramorium bicarinatum (лат.) — вид мелких муравьёв рода Tetramorium из подсемейства Myrmicinae. Космополитный вид.

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