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Associations ( İngilizce )

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Members of the class Holothuria will defend themselves by casting out most or part of their viscera through the cloacal opening, and in two to three weeks, regenerate the lost organs.

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Rangel, C. 2001. "Isostichopus badionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Isostichopus_badionotus.html
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Morphology ( İngilizce )

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Isostichopus badionotus is shaped like a cucumber. It is radially symmetrical and lacks spines (typical of Echinodermata). The three-rowed sea cucumber also lacks any true appendages other than its tube feet. The animal is mostly solid in color, however, the side of its body that it uses to move along the sea floor is slightly lighter in pigment. Calcareous deposits are embedded in the epidermal layer of this animal. Having definite anterior and posterior ends, the sea cucumber has a large mouth surrounded by bushy tentacles with thick bases that divide into numerous tiny branches. A dark pigmented peristomial membrane surrounds a circular lip.

Range length: .02 to 2 m.

Average length: .10 - .30 m.

Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry ; radial symmetry

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Behavior ( İngilizce )

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Echinoderms in general have a decentralized nervous system. Holothurians can right themselves when turned over, suggesting they have tactile and light receptors. In addition, some evidence suggest the buccal tentacles may be chemically sensitive.

Communication Channels: chemical

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; chemical

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Conservation Status ( İngilizce )

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This species and the ecosystems in which it thrives are threatened both by contaminated substrates, where boats leave behind high concentration of metals, and by illegal fishing and export of the animals for eating purposes. Conservation strategies and limits on fishing are being considered.

US Migratory Bird Act: no special status

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

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Life Cycle ( İngilizce )

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The three-rowed sea cucumber is a tubular organism, formed in specialized pelagic larval stages. In reproduction, sperm and eggs are released into the water & developing young undergo a complex metamorphisis. Organs and tissues are almost completely regenerative.

Development - Life Cycle: metamorphosis

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Benefits ( İngilizce )

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Harvested sea cucumbers are regarded as both a tonic and celebratory food in many East Asian cultures.

Positive Impacts: food

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Associations ( İngilizce )

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Three-rowed sea cucumbers ingesting and process food particles and discharge newly fixed and enriched matter that has a nutrient content greater than its surrounding environment. Once ingested, sediment particles stay inside the animal about 3 hours to ensure complete nitrogen-fixation.

This highly active process of filtering and enriching sediments is extremely important to marine conditions. Reworking modifies the physical and chemical stability of the marine environment by continually producing "new" ground and causing pulses in biodiversity. Through destroying both stratification of sediment layers and ridding its community of infestations, the Isostichopus badionotus plays a key role in structuring the micocommunities that exist.

Ecosystem Impact: creates habitat; biodegradation

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Trophic Strategy ( İngilizce )

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Three-rowed sea cucumbers are deposit-feeders, literally eating deposited material or sediments off of the ocean floor. Using its tentacles, the animal pushes large scoops of sediments into its mouth (Bullough, 1950).

Because sediments are typically low in concentration of nutrients, the sea cucumbers ingest enormous amounts of sediment per day to ensure proper nourishment. It is estimated that each Isostichopus badionotus ingests between 1 and 2.3 tons of sediment per year. Isostichopus badionotus is a selective feeder, especially in the presence of a competing species such as fish, or when a particular blend of sediment is high in organic material. Isostichopus badionotus prefers and is better adapted to the finest grain of sediment; however, the size and amount of sediments processed depends on the size of the individual (Conde, 1996).

Other Foods: detritus ; microbes

Foraging Behavior: filter-feeding

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Distribution ( İngilizce )

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Populations of Isostichopus badionotus are primarily seen along the northern Pacific coast of South America and around the Galapagos Islands. Another region highly populated with this species is along the northeastern shores of Venezuela.

Biogeographic Regions: pacific ocean (Native )

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Habitat ( İngilizce )

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Isostichopus badionotus, like most echinoderms, prefer shallow water. The most suitable environments for these "bottom-feeding" animals are substrates set in the calm waters of channels and coves, shielded by high cover.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; saltwater or marine

Aquatic Biomes: coastal

Other Habitat Features: intertidal or littoral

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Celia Rangel, Southwestern University
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Reproduction ( İngilizce )

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Isostichopus badionotus have separate sexes and possess a reproductive system consisting of a single gonad and either an oviduct or a vas deferens. In temperate climates, eggs are laid in late winter and early spring. Sperm reach the eggs by way of the water. The fertilized eggs develop into free-swimming pelagic larvae.

A unique reproductive mechanism of Isostichopus badionotus is the ability to divide itself into two.

Breeding season: Late Winter/Early Spring

Key Reproductive Features: seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (External ); broadcast (group) spawning

There is no parental investment beyond spawning.

Parental Investment: pre-fertilization (Provisioning)

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Rangel, C. 2001. "Isostichopus badionotus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Isostichopus_badionotus.html
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Celia Rangel, Southwestern University
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Associations ( İngilizce )

Echinoderms of Panama tarafından sağlandı

Caribulus sculptus (Humes, 1969) (parasitic: ectoparasitic)
Caribulus sculptus (Humes, 1969) (parasitic: endoparasitic)
Diogenidium spinulosum Stock, 1968 (parasitic: ectoparasitic)
Diogenidium spinulosum Stock, 1968 (parasitic: endoparasitic)
Nanaspis exigua Stock, Humes & Gooding, 1962 (parasitic: ectoparasitic)
Nanaspis exigua Stock, Humes & Gooding, 1962 (parasitic: endoparasitic)
Nanaspis media Stock, Humes & Gooding, 1962 (parasitic: ectoparasitic)
Nanaspis media Stock, Humes & Gooding, 1962 (parasitic: endoparasitic)
Nanaspis pollens Stock, Humes & Gooding, 1962 (parasitic: ectoparasitic)
Nanaspis pollens Stock, Humes & Gooding, 1962 (parasitic: endoparasitic)
Scambicornus sculptus Humes, 1969 (parasitic: endoparasitic)

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Distribution ( İngilizce )

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In Panama this species has been collected from Pico Feo Island (USNM E 22460), San Blas Islands, in Thalassia sp. sea grass beds; from Chingarosa, Bocas Del Toro (USNM E 22662), with one specimen (USNM E 2363) listed as collected by the R. V. Albatross from the Caribbean Sea off Panama.

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References and links ( İngilizce )

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Selenka, E. (1867). Beitrage zur Anatomie und Systematik der Holothurien. Der Philosophischen Facultat zu Gottingen in December 1866, als Dissertation vorgelegt.: pp. 291-374.

Bell, F. J. (1883). Studies on the Holothuroidea. II. Descriptions of New Species. P. Z. S.: pp. 58-62.

Heilprin, A. (1888). Contributions to the Natural History of the Bermuda Islands. P. Ac. Philad. pt. iii: pp. 309-318.

Semper, C. (1868). Reisen im Archipel der Philippinen. Zweiter Theil. Wissenschaftliche Resultate. Erster Band. Holothurien. Hefte iv. and v: Unpaginated.

GenBank

World Register of Marine Species

LSID urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:367868


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Synonymised taxa ( İngilizce )

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Variable Seegurke ( Almanca )

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Die Variable Seegurke (Isostichopus badionotus), auch Drei-Reihen-Seewalze genannt, ist eine Seegurke aus der Karibik und dem tropischen, westlichen Atlantik von den Bermudas, und South Carolina bis an die Küste Brasiliens. Sie lebt einzeln in flachem Wasser auf Sand- oder Schuttböden in der Nähe von Korallenriffen und in Seegraswiesen, von der Niedrigwasserlinie bis in Tiefen von 20 Metern. Jungtiere leben verborgen zwischen Steinen und Korallenschutt.

Merkmale

 src=
Eine Variable Seegurke in bräunlicherer Farbe

Die Variable Seegurke wird 45 bis 50 Zentimeter lang. Ihre Farbe ist sehr variabel, die Grundfarbe ist meist braun oder gelblich. Dazu kontrastieren die meist andersfarbigen, schwarzen oder hellgelben, Warzen auf dem Rücken. Es gibt Exemplare mit heller Grundfarbe und dunklen Warzen und umgekehrt. Einfarbige Tiere sind selten. An der Unterseite hat sie drei Reihen dunkler Röhrenfüßchen. Die mittlere Reihe ist breiter und durch einen Saum zweigeteilt. Variable Seegurken ernähren sich von organischen Partikeln, die sie vom Boden aufnehmen.

Sie hat keine Cuvierschen Schläuche. Im Darm der Seegurke leben manchmal Eingeweidefische.

Literatur

  • Harry Erhardt / Horst Moosleitner: Mergus Meerwasser-Atlas Band 3, Mergus-Verlag, Melle, ISBN 3-88244-103-8
  • Maren Baumeister / Werner Baumeister: Meeresfauna, Karibik und Florida. Ulmer Verlag, ISBN 3-8001-4164-7
  • Svein A. Fossa / Alf Jacob Nilsen: Korallenriffaquarium Band 6, Schmettkamp Verlag, 1998, ISBN 3-928819-18-6

Weblinks

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Variable Seegurke: Brief Summary ( Almanca )

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Die Variable Seegurke (Isostichopus badionotus), auch Drei-Reihen-Seewalze genannt, ist eine Seegurke aus der Karibik und dem tropischen, westlichen Atlantik von den Bermudas, und South Carolina bis an die Küste Brasiliens. Sie lebt einzeln in flachem Wasser auf Sand- oder Schuttböden in der Nähe von Korallenriffen und in Seegraswiesen, von der Niedrigwasserlinie bis in Tiefen von 20 Metern. Jungtiere leben verborgen zwischen Steinen und Korallenschutt.

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Isostichopus badionotus ( İngilizce )

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Isostichopus badionotus, also known as the chocolate chip cucumber or the cookie dough sea cucumber, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Stichopodidae. This common species is found in warm parts of the Atlantic Ocean.[1]

Description

This is a large species that can grow to a length of 45 cm (1 ft 6 in), but the average adult size is about 21 cm (8 in).[2] It has distinctive dark coloured "warts" in three coarse rows on its dorsal surface, the rest of the body may vary from white through to shades of orange to brown, with sometimes large brownish stains. The mouth is located ventrally and surrounded by about 20 large tentacles.

Habitat and range

This species is widespread in the warm Atlantic, where found from North Carolina (USA), through the Caribbean, to north Brazil, at Ascension Island and in the Gulf of Guinea.[1][2] It is found at depths between 0 and 55 m (0–180 ft).[1]

It inhabits shallow waters, in a wide variety of bottoms (sand, mud, rock, seaweeds...).[1]

Reproduction

Similar to other tropical Holothuroidea, the Isostichopus badiontus is dioecious. Males and females release their gametes into water where fertilization happens externally. A study in the Caribbean Sea observed that the species has an increase in reproductive activity when temperatures increase.[3]

Conservation status

As bottom feeders, Isostichopus badionotus individuals are threatened by contaminated substrates due to metals left behind by boats.[4] Additionally, they are popular in Asian cuisine, and are also threatened by illegal fishing and trafficking.[5] [6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Toral-Granda, M.V.; Alvarado, J.J.; Hamel, J.-F.; Mercier, A.; Benavides, M. & Paola Ortiz, E. (2016) [errata version of 2013 assessment]. "Isostichopus badionotus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2013: e.T180519A102420305. Retrieved 22 January 2021.
  2. ^ a b Steven W. Purcell, Yves Samyn and Chantal Conand, Commercially important sea cucumbers of the world, Roma, FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes Nb. 6, 2012, 233 p. (ISBN 978-92-5-106719-2).
  3. ^ Guzmán, H.; Guevara, C. & Hernández, I. (February 2003). "Reproductive cycle of two commercial species of sea cucumber (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) from Caribbean Panama". Marine Biology. 142 (2): 271–279. doi:10.1007/s00227-002-0939-x. S2CID 86373107.
  4. ^ Rangel, Celia. "Isostichopus badionotus". Animal Diversity Web. Retrieved 2021-03-23.
  5. ^ Gore, Meredith L.; Bennett, Abigail (2021-02-18). "Importance of deepening integration of crime and conservation sciences". Conservation Biology. 36 (1): cobi.13710. doi:10.1111/cobi.13710. ISSN 0888-8892. PMC 9291754. PMID 33600003.
  6. ^ Gamboa-Álvarez, Miguel Ángel; López-Rocha, Jorge Alberto; Poot-López, Gaspar Román; Aguilar-Perera, Alfonso; Villegas-Hernández, Harold (2020-02-01). "Rise and decline of the sea cucumber fishery in Campeche Bank, Mexico". Ocean & Coastal Management. 184: 105011. doi:10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.105011. ISSN 0964-5691. S2CID 211343531.

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Isostichopus badionotus: Brief Summary ( İngilizce )

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Isostichopus badionotus, also known as the chocolate chip cucumber or the cookie dough sea cucumber, is a species of sea cucumber in the family Stichopodidae. This common species is found in warm parts of the Atlantic Ocean.

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Isostichopus badionotus ( Fransızca )

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Holothurie à points

Isostichopus badionotus est une espèce d'holothurie de la famille des Stichopodidae, que l'on rencontre aux Caraïbes. Elle est souvent appelée « holothurie à points »[2].

Description et caractéristiques

C'est un assez gros concombre de mer, qui peut atteindre 50 cm de long. C'est un animal robuste, au tégument épais, rugueux et légèrement ridé (surtout les vieux individus). Leur corps est plus ou moins rectangulaire, avec des extrémités arrondies et presque aplaties, et une face ventrale plate, parcourue par trois rangées de podia. Cette espèce est très reconnaissable aux grosses verrucosités sombres qui ponctuent son épiderme (à l'exception de la face ventrale), plus ou moins larges selon les individus, allant d'énormes taches confluentes à de petits points disposés au sommet de grosses papilles charnues. Le diamètre de ces taches est contrôlé par l'animal, et elles se rétractent quand il se sent menacé. La marge inférieure est bordée d'excroissance charnuesfaisant parfois penser à des pattes de chenille. La couleur générale varie du beige clair au brun foncé, en passant par différentes gammes de fauve et d'orange (voire de rouge pour les jeunes, qui peuvent présenter des ornementations plus complexes). Ils peuvent même être brun sombre à points clairs, ce qui les fait ressembler à l'espèce proche Isostichopus fuscus (mais le risque de confusion est inexistant vu qu'ils ne vivent pas dans le même océan)[2].

La bouche est ventrale, entourée de 20 courts tentacules peltés, et l'anus terminal, sans dents anales[3].

Cette holothurie est parfois confondues avec sa compatriote Holothuria mexicana, mais celle-ci est plus souple, de section arrondie, et n'a pas les grosses papilles rugueuses distinctives de I. badionotus[2].

Habitat et répartition

 src=
Spécimen africain à São Tomé.

Cette holothurie peut être rencontrée dans toutes les Caraïbes, de la Caroline au Brésil, et des populations sont même signalées dans les îles du centre de l'Atlantique et jusqu'en Afrique de l'Ouest[3]. C'est la deuxième espèce la plus abondante dans la région de Panama[4].

C'est une espèce qui apprécie les fonds plats, mous et peu profonds : sable, herbiers (Thalassia testudinum ou Syringodium filiforme), vase[3]

Écologie et comportement

Cette espèce atteint la maturité sexuelle entre 13 et 20 cm[4] (soit 170-250 g[3]), et la reproduction est très étirée dans le temps (mais plus ou moins suivant les latitudes)[4].

Comme la plupart des holothuries aspidochirotes, cette espèce se nourrit en ingérant le sédiment au moyen de ses tentacules buccaux, pour en digérer la fraction organique. Cette espèce étant naturellement abondante là où elle n'est pas surexploitée, elle est un maillon essentiel de l'épuration des écosystèmes marins : aux Bermudes, sur une surface de 4,4 km2, on estime que sa population ingère et recycle entre 500 et 1 000 tonnes de sédiment chaque année[4].

Relations à l'Homme

Cette espèce est comestible, et appréciée en Asie du Sud-Est. Elle fait donc l'objet d'une exploitation industrielle dans certains pays, et se vend relativement cher sur les marchés orientaux une fois séchée et préparée[3].

S'agissant d'une espèce abondante, sa population totale n'est pas considérée comme menacée par l'UICN[4]. Cependant, sa pêche est régulée dans certains pays comme Cuba, mais fait l'objet de pêche illégale dans d'autres comme la Colombie[4].

Références taxinomiques

Notes et références

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Isostichopus badionotus: Brief Summary ( Fransızca )

wikipedia FR tarafından sağlandı

Holothurie à points

Isostichopus badionotus est une espèce d'holothurie de la famille des Stichopodidae, que l'on rencontre aux Caraïbes. Elle est souvent appelée « holothurie à points ».

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Isostichopus badionotus ( Felemenkçe; Flemish )

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Isostichopus badionotus is een zeekomkommer uit de familie Stichopodidae.

De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd in 1867 gepubliceerd door Emil Selenka.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
Geplaatst op:
16-12-2011
Dit artikel is een beginnetje over biologie. U wordt uitgenodigd om op bewerken te klikken om uw kennis aan dit artikel toe te voegen. Beginnetje
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Isostichopus badionotus ( Portekizce )

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Isostichopus badionotus é uma espécie de pepino-do-mar de coloração alaranjada, comuns no Oceano Atlântico, desde o Caribe até estado brasileiro de Santa Catarina, sendo que, geralmente, só é encontrado em pontos específicos das costas.[1]

É uma espécie relativamente grande, com cerca de 45 cm de comprimento.

Referências

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Isostichopus badionotus: Brief Summary ( Portekizce )

wikipedia PT tarafından sağlandı

Isostichopus badionotus é uma espécie de pepino-do-mar de coloração alaranjada, comuns no Oceano Atlântico, desde o Caribe até estado brasileiro de Santa Catarina, sendo que, geralmente, só é encontrado em pontos específicos das costas.

É uma espécie relativamente grande, com cerca de 45 cm de comprimento.

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